利用透射电镜和原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)研究了高温高压合成金刚石过程中金刚石单晶/镍基金属包膜的界面结构和形貌。分析表明金刚石/金属包膜界面包膜一侧由Ni3C,Mn23C,γ(Ni,Mn)和纳米级金刚石颗粒组成,未发现石墨...利用透射电镜和原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)研究了高温高压合成金刚石过程中金刚石单晶/镍基金属包膜的界面结构和形貌。分析表明金刚石/金属包膜界面包膜一侧由Ni3C,Mn23C,γ(Ni,Mn)和纳米级金刚石颗粒组成,未发现石墨结构;金刚石晶面的AFM形貌与所对应的包膜表面形貌相近,但又不互为负形;金刚石(100)晶面为细小的颗粒状表面,而(111)晶面呈现出有台阶的平直表面。结果表明金刚石的生长不是源于石墨结构的直接转变。在高温高压下,金刚石/包膜界面至包膜熔体的温度梯度差异导致了金刚石晶面形貌的不同。展开更多
The interfacial interaction existing in the Ni ZrO 2 composite plating has been investigated. The experimental results show that no new phases were formed in the interfacial regions between matrix Ni and ZrO 2 part...The interfacial interaction existing in the Ni ZrO 2 composite plating has been investigated. The experimental results show that no new phases were formed in the interfacial regions between matrix Ni and ZrO 2 particles, but an orbital interaction through the mutual overlap of the d orbits does exist in the interfacial regions between Ni atoms and Zr 3+ ions.展开更多
The microstructures and interface structures of basalt particle reinforced 7A04 Al matrix composites (BP/7A04 Al) were analyzed by using OM, TEM, SEM and EDS, and the mechanical properties of 7A04 Al alloy were compar...The microstructures and interface structures of basalt particle reinforced 7A04 Al matrix composites (BP/7A04 Al) were analyzed by using OM, TEM, SEM and EDS, and the mechanical properties of 7A04 Al alloy were compared with those of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites. The results show that the basalt particles are dispersed in the Al matrix and form a strong bonding interface with the Al matrix. SiO2 at the edge of the basalt particles is continuously replaced by Al2O3 formed in the reaction, forming a high-temperature reaction layer with a thickness of several tens of nanometers, and Al2O3 strengthens the bonding interface between basalt particles and Al matrix. The dispersed basalt particles promote the dislocation multiplication, vacancy formation and precipitation of the matrix, and the precipitated phases mainly consist of plate-like η(MgZn2) phase and bright white band-shaped or ellipsoidal T (Al2Mg3Zn3) phase. The bonding interface, high dislocation density and dispersion strengthening phase significantly improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites are up to 665 and 699 MPa, which increase by 11.4% and 10.9% respectively compared with 7A04 Al alloy without basalt particles.展开更多
Lattice structure information of heterogeneous nucleation at nucleation interface was present.The crystal orientation,and interfacial structure characteristic of liquid Al alloys nucleated on the basal surface(0001)Al...Lattice structure information of heterogeneous nucleation at nucleation interface was present.The crystal orientation,and interfacial structure characteristic of liquid Al alloys nucleated on the basal surface(0001)Al2O3single crystal substrate were identified by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)analysis.The preferred crystal orientations of pure Al and Al-1%Sb(mass fraction)alloy adjacent to the nucleation interface were examined as(200)and(220)planes of Al,respectively,and two corresponding orientation relationships were obtained.An improved nucleation efficiency and refined grains were attributed to both the reduced interplanar spacing of preferred orientation and the decrease of lattice misfit from16.4%to7.0%in Al-1%Sb/Al2O3nucleation group.展开更多
When wind appears over the free surface, water waves and turbulence are generated by an interfacial shear stress. In particular, turbulent diffusion promotes significantly mass and momentum transport beneath the inter...When wind appears over the free surface, water waves and turbulence are generated by an interfacial shear stress. In particular, turbulent diffusion promotes significantly mass and momentum transport beneath the interface between the water and air significantly in ocean and lakes, and thus it is very important for global environment problems to reveal such turbulence property and coherent structure. Simultaneous measurements of velocities and free-surface elevation allow us to conduct reasonably the phase analysis of the coherent structure in interfacial shear layer. Furthermore, multi-point measurements such as PIV are very powerful to detect the space-time structure of coherent motions. Therefore, in the present study, we developed a specially designed PIV system which can measure the velocity components and surface-elevation fluctuation simultaneously by using two sets of high-speed cameras to reveal the coherent structure in the interfacial shear layer.展开更多
Alloyed nanoparticles with core-shell structures provide a favorable model to modulate interfacial interaction and surface structures at the atomic level,which is important for designing electrocatalysts with high act...Alloyed nanoparticles with core-shell structures provide a favorable model to modulate interfacial interaction and surface structures at the atomic level,which is important for designing electrocatalysts with high activity and durability.Herein,core-shell structured Pd3M@Pt/C nanoparticles with binary PdM alloy cores(M=Fe,Ni,and Co)and a monolayer Pt shell were successfully synthesized with diverse interfaces.Among these,Pd3Fe@Pt/C exhibited the best oxygen reduction reaction catalytic performance,roughly 5.4 times more than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst used as reference.The significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the combined effects of strain engineering,interfacial electron transfer,and improved Pt utilization.Density functional theory simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that engineering the alloy core with moderate lattice mismatch and alloy composition(Pd3Fe)optimizes the surface oxygen adsorption energy,thereby rendering excellent electrocatalytic activity.Future researches may use this study as a guide on the construction of highly effective core-shell electrocatalysts for various energy conversions and other applications.展开更多
The electronic structure, atomic geometry and energetic properties of ceramic nanomultilayer have been systematically studied with first principles density functional theory calculations based on the generalized gradi...The electronic structure, atomic geometry and energetic properties of ceramic nanomultilayer have been systematically studied with first principles density functional theory calculations based on the generalized gradient approximations. It is found that the interface structure and adhesion, which determine the mechanical and thermal properties, are sensitive to the surface mor- phology. We also provide an analysis of adhesion of ZrO2/A1203 interface as a function of thickness of each layer. With the in- crease of ZrO2 thickness, both covalence and ionicity of the interfacial bonds are enhanced, which results in more strongly coupled interfaces while the ionic interaction decreases for thicker Al2O3 layers, which results in weakly coupled interfaces. A first-principles calculation method has been proposed to design nanomultilayer materials to achieve the demanded adhesion.展开更多
Remarkable phenomena arise at well-defined heterostructures, composed of transition metal oxides, which is absent in the bulk counterpart, providing us a paradigm for exploring the various electron correlation effects...Remarkable phenomena arise at well-defined heterostructures, composed of transition metal oxides, which is absent in the bulk counterpart, providing us a paradigm for exploring the various electron correlation effects. The functional properties of such heterostructures have attracted much attention in the microelectronic and renewable energy fields. Exotic and unexpected states of matter could arise from the reconstruction and coupling among lattice, charge, orbital and spin at the interfaces. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy （STEM） is a powerful tool to visualize the lattice structure and electronic structure at the atomic scale. In the present study some novel phenomena of oxide heterostructures at the atomic scale are summarized and pointed out from the perspective of electron microscopy.展开更多
文摘利用透射电镜和原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)研究了高温高压合成金刚石过程中金刚石单晶/镍基金属包膜的界面结构和形貌。分析表明金刚石/金属包膜界面包膜一侧由Ni3C,Mn23C,γ(Ni,Mn)和纳米级金刚石颗粒组成,未发现石墨结构;金刚石晶面的AFM形貌与所对应的包膜表面形貌相近,但又不互为负形;金刚石(100)晶面为细小的颗粒状表面,而(111)晶面呈现出有台阶的平直表面。结果表明金刚石的生长不是源于石墨结构的直接转变。在高温高压下,金刚石/包膜界面至包膜熔体的温度梯度差异导致了金刚石晶面形貌的不同。
文摘The interfacial interaction existing in the Ni ZrO 2 composite plating has been investigated. The experimental results show that no new phases were formed in the interfacial regions between matrix Ni and ZrO 2 particles, but an orbital interaction through the mutual overlap of the d orbits does exist in the interfacial regions between Ni atoms and Zr 3+ ions.
基金Projects(2019JJ60050,2018JJ3121) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(KFBM20170004) supported by the Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology,China
文摘The microstructures and interface structures of basalt particle reinforced 7A04 Al matrix composites (BP/7A04 Al) were analyzed by using OM, TEM, SEM and EDS, and the mechanical properties of 7A04 Al alloy were compared with those of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites. The results show that the basalt particles are dispersed in the Al matrix and form a strong bonding interface with the Al matrix. SiO2 at the edge of the basalt particles is continuously replaced by Al2O3 formed in the reaction, forming a high-temperature reaction layer with a thickness of several tens of nanometers, and Al2O3 strengthens the bonding interface between basalt particles and Al matrix. The dispersed basalt particles promote the dislocation multiplication, vacancy formation and precipitation of the matrix, and the precipitated phases mainly consist of plate-like η(MgZn2) phase and bright white band-shaped or ellipsoidal T (Al2Mg3Zn3) phase. The bonding interface, high dislocation density and dispersion strengthening phase significantly improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites are up to 665 and 699 MPa, which increase by 11.4% and 10.9% respectively compared with 7A04 Al alloy without basalt particles.
基金Project (51474148) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (14140711000) supported by Shanghai International Cooperation Program,ChinaProject (U1660203) supported by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Lattice structure information of heterogeneous nucleation at nucleation interface was present.The crystal orientation,and interfacial structure characteristic of liquid Al alloys nucleated on the basal surface(0001)Al2O3single crystal substrate were identified by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)analysis.The preferred crystal orientations of pure Al and Al-1%Sb(mass fraction)alloy adjacent to the nucleation interface were examined as(200)and(220)planes of Al,respectively,and two corresponding orientation relationships were obtained.An improved nucleation efficiency and refined grains were attributed to both the reduced interplanar spacing of preferred orientation and the decrease of lattice misfit from16.4%to7.0%in Al-1%Sb/Al2O3nucleation group.
文摘When wind appears over the free surface, water waves and turbulence are generated by an interfacial shear stress. In particular, turbulent diffusion promotes significantly mass and momentum transport beneath the interface between the water and air significantly in ocean and lakes, and thus it is very important for global environment problems to reveal such turbulence property and coherent structure. Simultaneous measurements of velocities and free-surface elevation allow us to conduct reasonably the phase analysis of the coherent structure in interfacial shear layer. Furthermore, multi-point measurements such as PIV are very powerful to detect the space-time structure of coherent motions. Therefore, in the present study, we developed a specially designed PIV system which can measure the velocity components and surface-elevation fluctuation simultaneously by using two sets of high-speed cameras to reveal the coherent structure in the interfacial shear layer.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(2019RC007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805104,21606050,21905056,21905045,and U1801257)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A0303130239,2018A0303130223)Pearl River Science and Technology New Star Project(201806010039)the Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)1908)Research Fund Program of Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province。
文摘Alloyed nanoparticles with core-shell structures provide a favorable model to modulate interfacial interaction and surface structures at the atomic level,which is important for designing electrocatalysts with high activity and durability.Herein,core-shell structured Pd3M@Pt/C nanoparticles with binary PdM alloy cores(M=Fe,Ni,and Co)and a monolayer Pt shell were successfully synthesized with diverse interfaces.Among these,Pd3Fe@Pt/C exhibited the best oxygen reduction reaction catalytic performance,roughly 5.4 times more than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst used as reference.The significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the combined effects of strain engineering,interfacial electron transfer,and improved Pt utilization.Density functional theory simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that engineering the alloy core with moderate lattice mismatch and alloy composition(Pd3Fe)optimizes the surface oxygen adsorption energy,thereby rendering excellent electrocatalytic activity.Future researches may use this study as a guide on the construction of highly effective core-shell electrocatalysts for various energy conversions and other applications.
文摘The electronic structure, atomic geometry and energetic properties of ceramic nanomultilayer have been systematically studied with first principles density functional theory calculations based on the generalized gradient approximations. It is found that the interface structure and adhesion, which determine the mechanical and thermal properties, are sensitive to the surface mor- phology. We also provide an analysis of adhesion of ZrO2/A1203 interface as a function of thickness of each layer. With the in- crease of ZrO2 thickness, both covalence and ionicity of the interfacial bonds are enhanced, which results in more strongly coupled interfaces while the ionic interaction decreases for thicker Al2O3 layers, which results in weakly coupled interfaces. A first-principles calculation method has been proposed to design nanomultilayer materials to achieve the demanded adhesion.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB921002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB07030200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51522212 and51421002)
文摘Remarkable phenomena arise at well-defined heterostructures, composed of transition metal oxides, which is absent in the bulk counterpart, providing us a paradigm for exploring the various electron correlation effects. The functional properties of such heterostructures have attracted much attention in the microelectronic and renewable energy fields. Exotic and unexpected states of matter could arise from the reconstruction and coupling among lattice, charge, orbital and spin at the interfaces. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy （STEM） is a powerful tool to visualize the lattice structure and electronic structure at the atomic scale. In the present study some novel phenomena of oxide heterostructures at the atomic scale are summarized and pointed out from the perspective of electron microscopy.
