村庄规划中的留白机制探索与实践

为应对村庄土地权属的复杂性、村庄建设的不确定性及上位规划调整的随机性,增强村庄规划的弹性,研究提出了村庄规划留白的实现路径,以湖南省某村庄为例进行了规划实践。研究表明:(1)在村庄规划中按空间留白(建设用地空间留白、暂未明确用途的空间留白)和指标留白,并明确地块的准入条件、负面清单、用地条件、启用条件等是村庄规划留白的有效机制。(2)该机制为乡村基础设施建设、产业发展等用地需求提供了弹性空间,顺应了乡村发展和演变的不确定性,可有效保障乡村振兴战略的实施。

论村庄规划“留白”与乡村振兴

采用问题导向法,研究乡村振兴发展与村庄规划的内在关联,深入剖析村庄规划“留白”与乡村振兴的耦合关系;依托其耦合关系,围绕土地-产业-农民生活三大要素,针对不同村庄类型分别构建了产业融合型、社区营造型、绿色生态型和生活富裕型四种村庄规划“留白”实施路径,以期为建立高效助推村庄规划“留白”机制、促进村庄规划与乡村振兴的协同发展提供理论借鉴。

乡村振兴背景下的福建省村庄规划编制探索

在实施乡村振兴的大背景下,村庄规划作为乡村发展的顶层设计,在乡村振兴中起到至关重要的作用。以福建第一批省级乡村振兴试点村——莆田市常太镇马院村为例,对《乡村振兴战略规划(2018—2022年)》《福建省村庄规划编制指南(试行)》提出的相关理念和要求做出深入实践,系统总结这轮村庄规划的主要编制思路,并为指南的后续完善工作、各部门的村庄建设管理工作提出了进一步深化建议。

Comparison of methods of purification and identification of Verticillium dahliae toxins

The complexes excreted by VerticiUium dahliae are phytotoxins, which are responsible for most of the symptoms associated with Verticillium wilt disease. Verticillium dahliae toxins （VD-toxins） can be purified by different methods. In the present study, we reported a simpler, more effective method to purify VD-toxins. The supematant of V. dahliae culture was frozen, lyophilized and dialyzed by 1 kDa Dialysis Membranes （MWCO）. We also partially identified the characteristics of the purified VD-toxins. The results showed that the components of VD-toxins include glycoprotein within 35.8-83.2 kDa. The phytotoxic activity of VD-toxins was remained after VD-toxins were pretreated by high temperature, Concanavalin-A, and proteinase E, respectively. These data suggest that VD-toxins are heat-stable, and the protein fraction and glycosyl are both important contributors to the phytotoxic activity. VD-toxins purified effectively from the culture filtrates of V. dahliae may help in further understanding the mechanisms of interactions between V. dahliae and plants.