混合动力汽车能效优化与控制策略研究

随着环境问题和能源危机的日益严重,混合动力汽车作为一种节能环保的交通工具,得到了广泛关注。能效优化和控制策略是混合动力汽车研究的重要方向,对于提高汽车性能、降低能耗、减少排放具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨混合动力汽车的能效优化和控制策略,以提高汽车的整体性能和燃油经济性。

社会组织参与困境儿童社会支持网络构建的服务策略研究--以广州市S组织困境儿童服务项目为例

要妥善回应深化改革过程中困境儿童多元化的需求,须从困境儿童社会支持着手,通过发挥社会组织联动多元主体的作用来筑实困境儿童社会支持网络。研究聚焦S组织困境儿童服务实践策略,分析其回应需求的服务过程,旨在为社会组织参与构建困境儿童支持网络提供实务参考。研究发现,S组织在开展困境儿童服务时能够充分发挥枢纽平台优势,在一定程度上促进了儿童主体发展和多元主体参与,但组织存在建设局限性、服务内容与形式创新不足、服务不够规范、机制缺失等方面的问题。推动儿童福利事业发展的关键在于要坚持政府主导的公共服务供给格局,拓宽社会参与渠道和门槛,整合跨界创新力量,动员多元主体在困境儿童服务中积极投入服务和资源,强化其社会支持网络。

人力资源管理战略研究

近些年来,企业在社会市场当中发展的非常的迅速,无论是发展自身的经济,还是带动我国社会经济的不断发展,都起到了非常重要的作用,而在企业当中,人力资源管理部门可以算作是一个企业发展的命脉所在,人力资源管理部门直接关系着一个企业在发展过程当中是否具备着充足的后备军,以及企业在发展的过程当中能否应对复杂的市场变化,是否拥有着强烈的生命力。人力资源管理一旦出现了问题,不但会影响企业在日常生活当中的经营以及生产,同时也会导致计划经济体制受到非常严重的影响以及限制。

小学中年段英语课堂有效情境创设的策略研究

随着国家教育改革的稳步推进，小学英语教学也迎 来了更大的发展空间和发展机会，广大英语教师应当仅仅 抓住改革的契机，大力倡导并执行新课标内容政策，在小学 英语教学过程中，积极改变原有的教学心态和教学思维，积 极搭建有效的情境，以激活小学生的学习乐趣，努力研究出 多种多样的情境创设方法，促进小学英语课堂教学的稳步发 展，为提升小学生整体英文水平而努力。

国外“春秋决狱”研究略述

在关注国内包括大陆和港台学者已有研究的基础上,梳理国外相关研究,主要目的是尽可能全面总结"春秋决狱"的学术成果,为深入研究做好学术铺垫。国外研究方面,已知日本学者、美国学者和欧洲学者有相关学术成果,而且问题意识比较明确,可以扩大我们的学术思考空间。尤其日本学者的相关学术见解,更应该引起我们的关注。

小学藏语文高效课堂的有效构建策略

伴随藏语文课堂改革的持续推进,广大教育者门也愈加关注小学藏语文高效课堂。在藏语文教育工作中,需要有效提高小学藏语文课堂效果,以此来提高教学质量,提高学生的整体素质。本文通过深入分析小学藏语文课堂教学实际情况,制定合理课堂教学方案,从而有效提高小学藏语文课堂教学质量,保证藏语文教育质量,为后期藏语文教学发展提供参考依据。

探析初中物理实验教学

在初中物理教学中,不仅要让学生掌握理论基础和做题技巧,更要提高学生的探索意识和实践能力,让学生在探索物理现象中总结实验规律,增加学习物理的积极性。但是,目前初中物理实验教学还存在一些问题,比如教学手段单一、教学理念片面、忽视学生地位等等。因此,为有效解决上述问题,初中物理教师应该重视实验教学,探索多样性、趣味性、灵活性的教学方式,推动学生的物理核心素养的发展与进步。

Research Plan on the Strategic Development of High-value Eco-agriculture in the Middle-lower Reaches of Yangtze River

At present,high-value eco-agriculture research in China is till limited and controversial,theoretical innovation and practices on eco-agriculture should be conducted.The key problems which should be solved urgently on the development of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River now including：the connotation and characteristics of high-value eco-agriculture,the construction of high-value eco-agriculture system and the policies of the development of high-value eco-agriculture.Therefore,the strategic development research on high-value eco-agriculture mainly includes the following aspects：development of agriculture modernization and theory and practices of eco-economics;theory of high-value eco-agriculture;practice of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River;construction of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River;development strategy and system innovation of high-value eco-agriculture in the lower and medium reaches of Yangtze River.

21世纪以来西方乔治·爱略特研究述评

乔治·爱略特研究已经走过了一百多年的历史,21世纪以来更是出现了百花齐放、与时俱进的新景象,总体来说新世纪西方学界对爱略特的研究呈现出了以下几个特征:传记批评风采依旧﹑文论视野下的阐释呈现多元化的特征﹑跨学科和影响研究异军突起﹑诗歌研究奋起直追。笔者希望通过对新世纪以来西方爱略特研究成果的梳理,总结其规律和不足,为今后国内爱略特研究提供参考。

高中英语词汇教学的问题分析与对策

高中生已经有了比较强的自主思考能力,不过,很多时候因为他们在初中积累的英语知识不够丰富,所以在应对英语学习问题时就会不够灵活,进行英语阅读以及写作时还常常会混淆词汇,句式比较混乱,对于他们的英语成绩的提升会产生很大的影响。高中英语教学的内容是很复杂的,需要掌握很多的词汇,学生很难有比较充足的时间去记忆。所以说,教师必须要教会学生高效的记忆方法,强化他们的记忆,这样才能为学生提高英语成绩提供保障。

Programmed Cell Death in Plants--- A New Emerging Research Field

There is increasing evidence shows that programmed cell death (PCD) can occur underphysiological, pathological or stress conditions in plants. The present review describes themorphological and biochemical characteristics, physiological functions, and the research significance ofplant PCD in detail as well as makes comparison betWeen these aspects with those in animals. Inaddition, this paper is also making exploration of the possible pathway for signal transduction, geneticregulation of plant PCD, origin and evolution of PCD and proposes a tactic for research on plant PCDalthough it is still in a preliminary stage.Compared to PCD in animals, PCD in plants under various conditions has revealed much greaterdifference in morphological and biochemical characteristics, which presents different essence far fromthe definition of apoptosis of animals. Nevertheless, no inflammation, specific fragmentation of DNAand rise of the activities of endonuclease and protease in plant PCD are still typical hallmarks fordistinguishing PCD from necrosis. On view of molecular level, as in animals, PCD in plants is alsoregulated by specific genes and involves signal transduction pathway with the involvement of a varietyof signal molecules.The physiological functions of plant PCD are similar to those in animals too. In the importantphysiological and pathological processes in plants, i.e., during reproduction, development, growth,senescenced disease-resistance, and stress-resistance against adverse circumstance conditions, PCDtakes on functions as important as proliferation throughout the whole life cycle of living organisms.Obviously, the research on PCD in plants is of vital importance that should not be ignored either intheory or in agricultural production.At present, the research on PCD in plants is focusing on collecting morphological and biochemicalevidences. But many molecules of initiation signal participating in plant PCD have been identified andseveral genes directly related to this process were isolated, which provide useful enlightenment forillustrating signal transduction pathway of PCD. Moreover, some conserved signal molecules andregulating genes were found in plant PCD, and caspase-like proteases have been detected in HR celldeath as well as in development-associated PCD. These data provide strong evidence at molecular levelfor conservation and the origin and evolution of PCD.1 The authors want to extend the sincerely thanks to Prof. Michele C. Heath (University of Toronto, Canada),Prof. Niroo Fukuda (University of Tokyo, Japan), Prof. Duran L. Nooden (University of Michigan, USA),Prof. Chris Lamb (Salk institute, California), Prof. Sarah Hake (Agricultural Research Service, USA), Prof.David L. Vaux (The Walter and Eliza Hall insititue of Medical Research, Post Office Royal MelbourneHospital, Australia), Associate Prof. Jeffrey L. Dangl (University of North Carolina, USA), Associate Prof.Eric Lain (The State University of New Jersey, USA), Dr. Maki Katsuhara (Okayama University, Japan),Prof. Sarah Hake (AgricultUral Research Service, USA), Dr. Peter P. Repetti (University of California,USA), Da Blazena Koukalova (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ), Dr. Iona Weir(Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, New Zealand), Dr. Thorsten Jabs (Institute forBiology III, Germany), Dr. Hong Wang (University of California, USA) and Dr. Patrick Gallois (Universityof Perpignan, France) for their kind providing their personal latest data of their research concerned andoffering academic exchanges with us.This project is granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39870423) and by StateCommission of Education, Doctorate Spot Foundation.Author for correspondence. E-mail: ycsong@whu.edu.cn.Evidences in various aspects indicate that PCD origins from prokaryote, and various forms of PCD arefound along the phylogenic tree.Conclusion: A variety of endogenous and exogenous signals can break the homeostasis within plantbody and result in differentiation, proliferation, quiescence, or death of cell at length

Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Australia:Strategy and Research Developments

Many countries are developing national strategies and action plans aimed at minimising the negative impacts of climate change on biodiversity.The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview not only of strategies and plans that have been developed in Australia,but also of research that has been carried out in Australia by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO) Climate Adaptation Flagship to assist the development of future strategies and plans.Major points are summarised from key policy documents such as the National Biodiversity and Climate Change Action Plan 2004-2007,and Australia's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 2010-2030,as well as the 2009 report on "Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change".Within the first three years of its existence,the Natural Ecosystems theme in CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship has carried out studies analysing impacts and identifying potential adaptations across the whole of Australia's vast terrestrial and marine environments.Techniques used in these studies could be applied easily in other countries and could assist the development of more effective national strategies and adaptation action plans for the conservation of biodiversity under climate change.

Does Innovation Drive Sustainable Competitive Advantages？

This paper examines the critical role of innovations as a driver for sustainable competitive advantages. A quadruple model of global strategy is introduced. The model is based on the introduction of an innovation-based perspective of strategy. This is in addition to the other three but well-known perspectives of global strategy （industry-based, resource-based, and institution-based views）. Thus, the four perspectives of strategy could lead a complete set of factors that need to be analyzed for the formulation of global strategy. The model could assist organizations in sustaining their competitive advantages. It is proposed that the introduction of the innovation-based view represents the fourth perspective of a strategy quadruple, thus overcoming a long-standing criticism, namely, the global strategy may lack adequate attention to innovation in developing a firms＇ global competitive strategies. This paper presents a set of four hypotheses. When tested, these hypotheses could result in a better understanding of the link between the innovation and the global strategy domain. Furthermore, the quadruple model could be useful in understanding the relationship between innovativeness and business performance. It is anticipated that this paper could assist researchers, business management, and analysts in developing global innovation strategies.

The Training and Culture Strategies in the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program(1986-2000)

Manpower is a key factor for the success of the CIMS Subject of China 863 Program. Many manpower strategies have been used in the CIMS Subject, which include elite strategies, training and practicing strategies, and culture strategies. This paper is mainly about the training and culture strategies such as to pay attention to the training and the practice of the technical team, and to form a fine CIMS culture.

Research on the Sustainable Development of Chinese Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises-Con-struction and Application of R&D Strategic Alliance

R ＆D strategic alliance is important for enterprises＇ sustainable development and it is a worth research for us. This paper firstly analyzes the condition and situation of tho small and medium-sized enterprises＇ strategic alliance. Then it points out that the small and medium-sized enterprises should choose a sttieable alliance organization, ally themselves with big enterprises, strive for the support of the government, and develop their technology through technology unions. Finally, it suggests that the government should create better innovation environment for R＆D strategic, alliance. A new way is also put forward for the applicotion and foundation of the small and medium-sized enterprises ＇ R＆D ,strategic alliance in China. It is also helpful for the sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Empirical study on factors motivating business students to move to the entrepreneurial sector

This exploratory study is attempting to examine how employable individuals turn their focus to start-ups. Today, majority of employees still practice a more or less self-protective strategy. In this paper the authors have reported the results of an empirical study of factors motivating degreed potential employees to move to self-enterprising. The deciding factors to become an entrepreneur and of sustainable employment-oriented factors are analyzed in order to discover how they differ. Participants consisted of 200 students from Malaysia entered final year of business undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data on factors and types of relationships influencing career choice and entrepreneurial intention. The results will serve as a basis for improvement of employment practices and promising entrepreneurial curriculum in universities to support start-ups in creating sustainable businesses.

Empirical Studies on L2 Communication Strategies over Four Decades:Looking Back and Ahead

Studies on communication strategies （CSs） have been carried out for nearly four decades and have contributed a lot to the development of such fields as applied linguistics and second language acquisition, but they are still inadequate and there remain controversies over certain issues. Thus, more systematic and rigorous studies are needed to check or confirm the findings of some studies and further CS research from newer and broader perspectives. This paper mainly reviews the existing empirical studies from different perspectives： CS classifications and research methods, factors affecting the choices of CSs, teachablity and teaching of CSs, and effectiveness of CSs. It is aimed to provide a clear picture of research on L2 CSs and offer some suggestions for further research.

A Case Study of the English Teachers' Burnout in a Medical University in China

Many College English teachers complain about work stress. To learn about the actual burnout situation and to seek intervention, a questionnaire survey and written interviews were conducted in a medical university in China. The results of the survey suggest that 29.73% of the participants experienced burnout. No significant differences were found in the aspects of the gender and educational background. However, older teachers experienced significantly more intense reduced personal accomplishment while more-experienced teachers reported significantly more intense depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Similarly, participants with higher professional titles experienced much more intense depersonalization. Meanwhile, the results of the interviews indicate four causes of burnout： factors related to the job, students, management and teacher development. Internal and external moderations are categorized as the burnout reducers. As for intervention, teachers and the organization should work together to reduce the burnout syndrome.

AN INVESTIGATION OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY CHINESE NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATES

This paper, through tape-recording students' conversations with native speakers, makes an attempt to examine the use of CSs by Chinese non-English major students at postgraduate level. The results show that the students are not competent in using CSs, which is easily seen in their heavy reliance on the L1-based strategies and appeal for assistance strategy rather than the more efficient and effective L2-based strategies. Inexperienced in oral communication and unaware of CSs, the students in general need awareness training in the use of CSs. Suggestions are then given as to how to conduct the training in terms of form, procedure and materials.

A review of heavy-duty legged robots

Heavy-duty legged robots have been regarded as one of the important developments in the field of legged robots because of their high payload-total mass ratio,terrain adaptability,and multitasking.The problems associated with the development and use of heavy-duty legged robots have motivated researchers to conduct many important studies,covering topics related to the mechanical structure,force distribution,control strategy,energy efficiency,etc.Overall,heavy-duty legged robots have three main characteristics:greater body masses,larger body sizes,and higher payload-total mass ratios.Thus,various heavy-duty legged robots and their performances are reviewed here.This review presents the current developments with regard to heavy-duty legged robots.Also,the main characteristics of high-performance heavy-duty legged robots are determined and conclusions are drawn.Furthermore,the current research of key techniques of heavy-duty legged robots,including the mechanical structure,force distribution,control method,and power source,is described.To assess the transportation capacity of heavy-duty legged robots,performance evaluation parameters are proposed.Finally,problems that need further research are addressed.