基于渠道组织形式的渠道治理策略选择:渠道治理的一个新视角

长期以来,由于误将交易治理看作一个单一维度的、从层级治理到市场治理的连续变量,所以相关研究一直不讨论渠道治理的所谓"中间模式"或"混合模式"的具体内涵或构成成份,也无法给出渠道治理的规范化模式。这一方面使学术界关于渠道治理的讨论局限于正式治理和非正式(关系型)治理的优劣以及它们之间的互补或替代关系,另一方面也使企业无所适从,限制了渠道治理理论的应用。本文以交易治理的产权、权威和激励三个维度为纽带,将渠道治理策略与渠道组织形式相联系,探讨了二者的关系,构建了一个基于渠道组织形式进行渠道治理策略选择的模型。研究发现:现实中企业经常使用的公司型、契约型、管理型和关系型等垂直营销系统不仅仅是渠道组织形式的不同,而且还是渠道治理策略的不同,因此企业可以基于渠道的组织形式来设计和选择渠道的治理策略。

谈谈作文前指导的详略问题

作文前的指导，是一个不容语文教师回避的问题。详导、略导，都要达到使学生明确要求、激活他们思维的目的。详导、略导，乃至不导，各有所宜。应针对各种具体情况，恰当选用，才能产生理想的效果。

ICN Based Vehicle-to-Cloud Delivery for Multimedia Streaming in Urban Vehicular Networks

Mobile multimedia streaming is an open topic in vehicular environment. Due to the high intermittent links, it has become a critical challenge to deliver high quality video streaming in vehicular networks. In this paper, we reform the Information Centric Networking （ICN） concept for multimedia delivery in urban vehicular networks. By leveraging the 1CN perspective, we highlight that vehicular peers can obtain multimedia chunks via the vehicle-to-cloud （V2C） approach to improve the delivery quality. Based on this, we propose a lightweight multipath selection strategy to guide the network system to adaptively adjust the forwarding means. Extensive simulations show that the proposed solution can optimize the utilization of network paths, lighten network loads as well as avoid wasting resources.

Buffer allocation method of serial production lines based on improved ant colony optimization algorithm

Buffer influences the performance of production lines greatly.To solve the buffer allocation problem(BAP) in serial production lines with unreliable machines effectively,an optimization method is proposed based on an improved ant colony optimization(IACO) algorithm.Firstly,a problem domain describing buffer allocation is structured.Then a mathematical programming model is established with an objective of maximizing throughput rate of the production line.On the basis of the descriptions mentioned above,combining with a two-opt strategy and an acceptance probability rule,an IACO algorithm is built to solve the BAP.Finally,the simulation experiments are designed to evaluate the proposed algorithm.The results indicate that the IACO algorithm is valid and practical.

Multistatic radar analysis based on ambiguity function and Cramér-Rao lower bounds

The primary goal of this work is to characterize the impact of weighting selection strategy and multistatic geometry on the multistatic radar performance. With the relationship between the multistatic ambiguity function （AF） and the multistatie Cram6r-Rao lower bound （CRLB）, the problem of calculating the multistatic AF and the multistatic CRLB as a performance metric for multistatic radar system is studied. Exactly, based on the proper selection of the system parameters, the multistatic radar performance can be significantly improved. The simulation results illustrate that the multistatic AF and the multistatic CRLB can serve as guidelines for future multistatic fusion rule development and multistatic radars deployment.

Study on the partner selecting method of strategic alliance inhigh and new technology enterprises

A successful and effective strategic alliance involves many factors, of which selecting a proper partner is the most important factor to achieve the success of the alliance. In view of the characteristics of strategic alliance in high and new technology enterprises and according to the analysis on the standards of partner selecting and the factors of the success of alliance, this paper does some deeper research on the partner selecting and the alliance evaluation process from the perspective of different strategic levels by using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluating method, thus providing a method to select the alliance partner for high and new technology enterprises in China.

Multi-strategy Differential Evolution Algorithm for QoS Multicast Routing

This paper studies the difference algorithm parameters characteristic of the multicast routing problem, and to compare it with genetic algorithms. The algorithm uses the path of individual coding, combined with the differential cross-choice strategy and operations optimization. Finally, we simulated 30 node networks, and compared the performance of genetic algorithm and differential evolution algorithm. Experimental results show that multi-strategy Differential Evolution algorithm converges faster and better global search ability and stability.

The Local Strategies of Global Brands in Turkey： Cultural Signs and Advertisement Messages

In advertisements directed at consumers within a society or others ocieties, brands employ cultural signs （values, beliefs, rituals, and heroes and symbols） and in accordance, it can be observed that they consciously make use of the terms ＂locality＂ and ＂globality＂. In this study, four global food brands＇ advertisements including cultural codes, locality, and globality have been randomly selected and analyzed. These advertising messages have been analyzed at an intercultural level from visual semiotics perspective. It has been tried to determine the ＂local＂ approaches of global brands by revealing the ＂intercultural＂ dimension transferred through visual and linguistic signs in the advertisements which we reselected with an eclectic method.

Peak-to-average power ratio reduction using selective mapping with unequal power distribution

A new approach for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems was proposed.This approach is based on assigning powers to the different subcarriers of OFDM using an unequal power distribution strategy.In addition,a reduced complexity selective mapping (RC-SLM) scheme was proposed.The proposed scheme is based on partitioning the frequency domain symbol sequence into several sub-blocks,and then each sub-block is multiplied by different phase sequences whose length is shorter than that used in the conventional SLM scheme.Then,a kind of low complexity conversions is used to replace the IFFT blocks.The performance of the proposed RC-SLM scheme along with the new approach was studied with computer simulation.The obtained results show that the proposed RC-SLM scheme is able to achieve the lowest computational complexity when compared with other low complexity schemes proposed in the literature while at the same time improves the PAPR reduction performance by about 0.3 dB.

Substrate selection and seasonal variation in abundance and size composition of isopod Lirceus fontinalis in Ontario streams, Canada

The abundance and size composition of stream isopods Lirceusfontinalis were investigated from April 2001 to August 2002 in 3 streams in southem Ontario, Canada. Effects of current speed was released from the analysis by choosing slow flowing water. The effects of substrate, season and water depth on the abundance, distribution and size composition of the isopods were analyzed. It was found that substrate and season influence isopods the most. The rocky substrate with attached filamentous macro-algae contains an isopod abundance 7.05 times that of bare rock substrate and 14.6 times that of free-sand and mud substrate. There was a large variation with respect to seasonali .ty in both abundance and size composition of the isopods, with the highest abundance occumng in summer and the lowest in winter and spring; individual isopods also tend to be larger in the winter and spring. In all substrates, shallow areas tend to support higher densities of isopods than deeper areas.

A dynamic programming algorithm for network selection in 3G/WLAN

An essential characteristic of the 4th Generation(4G) wireless networks is integrating various heterogeneous wireless access networks.This paper considers the network selection for both admission and handoff strategy problems in heterogeneous network of 3G/WLAN.A novel dynamic programming algorithm is proposed by taking heterogeneous network characteristics,user mobility and different service types into account.The specificity of our approach is that it puts the situations in a new model and makes decisions in stages of different states.Simulation results validate that the proposed scheme can obtain better new call blocking and handoff dropping probability performance than traditional schemes while ensuring quality-of-services(QoS) for both real-time and data connections.

多模态影像融合在颅底肿瘤的诊断、治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨多模态影像融合在颅底肿瘤的诊断、治疗中的应用价值。方法 9例颅底肿瘤术前均行DynaCTA检查及MRI薄层(2 mm)增强扫描检查,将多组影像数据输入工作站,采用"双容积重建"技术进行脑血管及MRI的影像融合,通过静态及动态融合影像观察肿瘤与脑结构、血管及颅骨的毗邻关系,并对肿瘤的诊断、手术治疗及预防血管并发症进行分析。结果 9例均获得满意的影像融合、具有很好的空间一致性,在一张影像上可以清晰显示病变及其周围脑结构、血管及颅骨解剖关系,提高精准性诊断,并应用于指导治疗策略、设计手术划及预防并发症。9例均恢复满意出院。结论多模态影像融合对提高颅底肿瘤的诊断精准性、提高肿瘤全切除率、降低病死率和残疾率效果肯定,对血管损伤并发症治疗疗效肯定。

The Legal Regulation of Irrational Elements in the Operations of Boards of Directors

The operating processes of boards of directors are delicate and complex, so corporate legislation cannot simply equate board structure law with board governance law. It is therefore necessary to start from China＇s actual conditions and grasp the operating processes of Chinese boards with a sober appreciation of the irrational elements in their operating mechanisms. Board governance has entered a new stage of institutionalization, and the law should shift from its emphasis on structure to give equal attention to structure and process in optimizing institutional structure. In the construction of board operating mechanisms, we should treat differently such ＂living laws＂ as customs, experiences and traditions, give full play to the functionality of boards＇ strategic choices, and provide legal regulation of irrational elements, so as to distinguish between different roles, develop consensus, select strong points and improve efficiency. We should build control over board operational procedures, improve the system of functional allocation, correct assessment mechanisms, develop a mechanism for judicial scrutiny of the affective relationships in society and curb such behavioral tendencies as relational identity, structural bias and group polarization, with a view to controlling such ＂living laws＂ within the framework of the basic values and principles of board governance.

Theβ-directing effect of ionic liquid in mannopyranosylation:a potential access to stereoselective construction of the 1,2-cis-β-D-mannopyranosyl linkage

We report a novel P-directing effect of imidazolium based ionic liquid,which was observed when we conducted the glycosylation of a 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-mannose trichloroacetimidate donor with a modified ionic liquid support acceptor. The mechanism was investigated and a hypothesis was proposed.After optimization of the reaction conditions,an innovative method for the selective construction of 1,2-cis-β-D-mannopyranosyl linkage was developed.

A two-choice strategy through a medial tibial approach for the treatment of pilon fractures with posterior or anterior fragmentation

Objective： The anterolateral approach to the tibia has been popularized for the management of tibial pilon fractures. For complex fracture patterns a com- bined anterolateral/anteromedial approach is suitable but a high rate of complication has been reported. In our retro- spective study a two-choice strategy adopting a medial tibial approach was proposed for the treatment of pilon fractures with anterior or posterior fragmentation. Methods： Based on an anatomic study oftibial pilon fractures, we retrospectively analyzed the fractures with primary posterior, posterior-lateral or anterior, anterior-lat- eral （Tillaux-Chaput） involvement of the distal tibia. This retrospective study consisted of 18 patients with a closed tibial plafond fracture. The inclusion criteria were： （1） pre- sence of an anterior/anterolateral type fragment or a poste- rior （Volkmann） type fragment involving 〉25% of the articu- lar surface, （2） a minimum follow-up of 12 months, （3） a fibula fracture associated with a medial colunm fracture of the distal tibia, and （4） soft tissue conditions at the time of opera- tion that did not compromise the choice of surgical access （Tscheme classification for closed fractures： grade 0 and grade 1）. Tibial plafond fractures were classified into two groups： one presenting anterior and the other with poste- rior rim （Volkmann） fragments. Results： Most patients achieved a good clinical re- covery in terms of range of motion and Olerud-Molander scale scores. Only three patients presented a grade 2 os- teoarthritis at the 12 month follow-up. Conclusion： Our two-choice strategy highlights con- cepts which have been previously debated and described in the literature. But a new extended protocol for surgical approach to the distal tibia, including more fracture pat- terns and their association should be further investigated.

Selecting pinning nodes to control complex networked systems

One of the fundamental problems in pinning control of complex networks is selecting appropriate pinning nodes, such that the whole system is controlled. This is particularly useful for complex networks with huge numbers of nodes. Recent research has yielded several pinning node selection strategies, which may be efficient. However, selecting a set of pinning nodes and identifying the nodes that should be selected first remain challenging problems. In this paper, we present a network control strategy based on left Perron vector. For directed networks where nodes have the same in-and out-degrees, there has so far been no effective pinning node selection strategy, but our method can find suitable nodes. Likewise, our method also performs well for undirected networks where the nodes have the same degree. In addition, we can derive the minimum set of pinning nodes and the order in which they should be selected for given coupling strengths. Our proofs of these results depend on the properties of non-negative matrices and M-matrices. Several examples show that this strategy can effectively select appropriate pinning nodes, and that it can achieve better results for both directed and undirected networks.

Extremely stable amidoxime functionalized covalent organic frameworks for uranium extraction from seawater with high efficiency and selectivity

Uranium extraction from seawater is of strategic significance for nuclear power generation.Amidoximebased functional adsorbents play indispensable roles in the recovery of seawater uranium with high efficiency.Nevertheless,balancing the adsorption capacity and selectivity is challenging in the presence of complicated interfering ions especially vanadium.Herein,a polyarylether-based covalent organic framework functionalized with open-chain amidoxime(COF-HHTF-AO)was synthesized with remarkable chemical stability and excellent crystallinity.Impressively,the adsorption capacity of COF-HHTF-AO towards uranium in natural seawater reached up to 5.12 mg/g,which is 1.61 times higher than that for vanadium.Detailed computational calculations revealed that the higher selectivity for uranium over vanadium originated from the specific bonding nature and coordination pattern with amidoxime.Combining enhanced adsorption capacity,excellent selectivity and ultrahigh stability,COF-HHTF-AO serves as a promising adsorbent for uranium extraction from the natural seawater.

Multi-parameter Tikhonov Regularization—An Augmented Approach

We study multi-parameter regularization(multiple penalties) for solving linear inverse problems to promote simultaneously distinct features of the sought-for objects. We revisit a balancing principle for choosing regularization parameters from the viewpoint of augmented Tikhonov regularization, and derive a new parameter choice strategy called the balanced discrepancy principle. A priori and a posteriori error estimates are provided to theoretically justify the principles, and numerical algorithms for efficiently implementing the principles are also provided. Numerical results on deblurring are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the balanced discrepancy principle.

Models of Choosing the Financial Compensation Strategy for Flight Delay

At present, most airlines adopted generally the same amount of compensa- tion strategy when needing to provide financial compensation to all flight delay passengers. However, due to the existence of differences in travel time value, ticket fare, as well as the expectation of compensation for flight delays, the gap between the effect of same amount of compensation and many passengers＇ （especially the high-value ones） expectations is large, it results in that airlines need to pay higher cost of compensation, but the total effect of compensation for passengers are not better. This paper advanced four financial com- pensation strategies for flight delays, summarized their own characteristics, and took into account the interests of both airlines and passengers, built the optimization models of the four financial compensation strategies under the restriction of the airline＇s compensation cost and on the goal of the maximum total effectiveness of the financial compensation to all passengers. Finally, based on the specific circumstances of the flight delays, the paper discussed the method for airline to choose the optimal financial compensation strategy through solving four models and comparing the compensation effectiveness.