世界番茄产品贸易现状及主要出口国竞争力实证研究

我国是番茄生产大国,却远非番茄贸易强国。本文通过对近年来世界番茄产品贸易现状进行了分析,并分别运用国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势系数以及贸易竞争优势指数对世界主要番茄出口国的新鲜番茄、去皮番茄、普通番茄汁、浓缩番茄汁和番茄酱的国际竞争力进行了深入研究,并结合我国实际,对如何提升我国番茄产品的贸易竞争力提出了相应政策建议。

番茄产品供应波动性及其影响因素研究——基于新疆番茄数据

以新疆番茄产品的供应情况为研究对象,利用H-P滤波法结合波动指数的计算,分析新疆番茄产品供应的波动性特征,采用广义脉冲反应分析结合方差分解分析番茄产品供应波动性的影响因素。研究结果表明:新疆番茄产品的供应存在较强的波动性,且相对番茄酱产量来说,加工番茄种植面积的波动幅度更大、波动周期更长;番茄酱供应的波动性缘于番茄酱生产企业对市场需求情况研究不足;加工番茄供应的波动性一方面缘于番茄酱产量的波动性,另一方面是由农户种植惯性导致。依据结论,提出有利于新疆番茄产业持续稳定发展的若干建议。

番茄复合调味料的色泽稳定性研究

番茄产品是近几年深受广大消费者喜爱的复合调味料,但其在生产、贮藏等过程中易受温度、工艺等因素的影响,色泽发生变化,对产品的品质造成不良影响。文章研究了生产番茄产品过程中所使用的抗氧化剂及其用量、生产工艺、包装材料等因素对番茄产品色泽的影响。实验结果表明,D-异抗坏血酸钠对番茄产品有良好的护色效果,添加量为0.5%时,能使番茄产品的色泽更接近番茄本身的色泽;番茄产品的生产工艺对D-异抗坏血酸钠和番茄颜色的稳定性均有一定影响,杀菌工艺会降低D-异抗坏血酸钠的稳定性,加深番茄产品的色泽;番茄产品炒制后长时间保持在较高温度(>50℃),其色泽会明显变深至褐色,影响番茄产品的品质。综上所述,番茄产品炒制杀菌后添加0.5%的D-异抗坏血酸钠,80℃以上热灌装,镀铝袋包装,快速冷却至常温,能最大限度地保持番茄产品的色泽,提高产品品质。

Effects of Different Application Amounts of Potassium Fulvate on Yield and Quality of Tomato and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

This study was conducted to study the optimum dosage of potassium ful- vate （PF） on greenhouse tomato, the effects of different amounts of PF on yield and quality of greenhouse tomato and soil physical and chemical properties were investigated by a field plot experiment. The results showed that the bottom applica- tion of PF increased tomato yield, plant dry matter weight and root dry matter weight by 14.0%, 14.4 and 50.6%, respectively; Vc and soluble sugar content of tomato increased by 1＆5% and 10.0%, respectively; and soil bulk density de- creased by 3.6%, and CEC increased by 5.0%. All the indexes increased with the increase of PF application amount, and reached the maximum value when the PF application rate was 4 500 kg/hm2. In consideration of the cost of fertilizer and all indexes, the optimum dosaqe of PF fertilizer was 4 500 kg/hm2.

基于响应面法和质构分析的复合果蔬曲奇工艺优化

以番茄皮渣与胡萝卜作为辅料,研制出风味独特、富有营养的复合果蔬曲奇。运用单因素试验,响应面设计,质构仪测量等方法来确定曲奇的最佳配方及工艺参数,试验得出最佳配方:以面粉100.00 g计,绵白糖45.00 g、黄油77.05 g、鸡蛋25.00 g、胡萝卜粉和番茄皮渣粉各7.50 g。产品呈橙黄色,具有胡萝卜和番茄特有香气及滋味。

Effects of Biogas Fermentation Broth on Tomato Growth and Development

[Objective] This study aimed to examine the effects of biogas fermentation broth on tomato growth and development. [Method] The biogas fermentation broth of vegetable waste （cabbage leaves） was sprayed at different concentrations to tomato leaves throughout its growth period. Then, the quality indices of the tomato fruits were measured. [Result] Biogas fermentation broth increased the flowers, improved the contents of lycopene and vitamin C in tomato fruits. [Conclusion] The results provide a new direction for vegetable waste recycling.

Detection of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid, and Its Impact on Growth, Production of Tomatoes in Greenhouse

The viability of most tomato varieties cultivated in Libya have been tested to infect with potato spindle tuber viroid/potatoes （PSTVd） and its impact on growth and production of some of these varieties, which were mechanically inoculated with Libyan isolate of viroid PSTVd as follows： Vlkato, Sankarh, Lebda, Jasmine, Kenza and Hana. The percent of incidence were 95.95%, 90%, 90.80%, 80% and 20%, respectively. The following varieties have been contagious mechanically with viroid of PSTVd： Vlkato, zahra, Toria, Lebda, Hoda, Farwa, Alkaraz, Naziha, Rim Star and Kartika. The percent of incidence were 95.95%, 85%, 85.80%, 80%, 70.40%, 0.0%, 0.0%, respectively. The varied symptoms of wrinkle, twist, warp, swell the veins of the leaves, dark brown spots formation and a large yellow spots turned into white patches. Also the effect of the Egyptian isolate viroid PSTVd in the growth and production of varieties Jasmine, Lebda, Soberhalim, and treasure No. 185 had been studied, as the average rates of decline in the production of the fruits tomatoes/tomato 43.4% and 17% length of plants, and in the fresh weight and dry root of the sum of 35% and 37% respictively.

Effects of Mulching Material on the Early Fruit Yield of Tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） Varieties under Polyhouse Growing Condition

Tomato is one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable crops in Ethiopia. It is not produced during the rainy season, mainly due to high disease pressure and low soil temperature. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of different types of mulch （black and white plastic mulch as well as grass mulch） on early yield of tomato varieties （Miya ＆ Cochoro） under polyhouse growing condition at Bahir Dar during the rainy season in 2012. Treatments were arranged in 4 - 2 factorial combinations in randomized complete block design with three replications. One month old seedlings were transplanted on 8.4 m2 gross plots size （3 m x 2.8 m） at a spacing of 70 cm x 40 cm between rows and plants, respectively. Data recorded from plants found in the two middle rows of each plot. Di-ammonium phosphate （DAP） and Urea fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 kg and 100 kg/ha, respectively. Sixteen plants were considered for data collection in each plot. White plastic mulch resulted in significantly （P 〈 0.05） earlier flowering, fruit setting and fruit maturity compared to other mulching materials. Varieties were also significantly different in days required to flowering, fruit setting and fruit maturity. Miya took significantly short period to flower, fruit set and fruit maturity compared to Cochoro variety. The effect of different mulch types on early fruit yield was found statistically significant. The highest early marketable fruit yield of 10.99 ton/ha and 10.54 ton/ha were recorded when Miya variety was grown with white and black plastic mulch, respectively. Therefore, use of white and black plastic mulches recommended for early tomato fruit yield.