To determine the onset and duration of contraflow evacuation, a multi-objective optimization(MOO) model is proposed to explicitly consider both the total system evacuation time and the operation cost. A solution algor...To determine the onset and duration of contraflow evacuation, a multi-objective optimization(MOO) model is proposed to explicitly consider both the total system evacuation time and the operation cost. A solution algorithm that enhances the popular evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II is proposed to solve the model. The algorithm incorporates preliminary results as prior information and includes a meta-model as an alternative to evaluation by simulation. Numerical analysis of a case study suggests that the proposed formulation and solution algorithm are valid, and the enhanced NSGA-II outperforms the original algorithm in both convergence to the true Pareto-optimal set and solution diversity.展开更多
With the increase of elderly population, more and more implant operations need to be performed in osteoporotic bone, while different forms of microdamage will be produced in peri-implant bone intraoperatively, includi...With the increase of elderly population, more and more implant operations need to be performed in osteoporotic bone, while different forms of microdamage will be produced in peri-implant bone intraoperatively, including high- and low-density diffuse damages, as well as linear cracks. The length and location of the microcracks are the main factors in affecting the biomechanical performance of bone. Suppression of bone remodeling by bisphosphonates may lead to microdamage accumulation, which is often accompanied with the decrease of bonestrength and the increase of bone fragility. Microdamage can be repaired by bone remodeling or mineralization to maintain the strength and structural integrity. Both remodeling and mineralization can affect the bone quality and long-term implant stability, In this paper, we make a brief summary of some important issues and research progresses in this field.展开更多
基金Project(ADLT 930-809R)supported by the Alabama Department of Transportation,USA
文摘To determine the onset and duration of contraflow evacuation, a multi-objective optimization(MOO) model is proposed to explicitly consider both the total system evacuation time and the operation cost. A solution algorithm that enhances the popular evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II is proposed to solve the model. The algorithm incorporates preliminary results as prior information and includes a meta-model as an alternative to evaluation by simulation. Numerical analysis of a case study suggests that the proposed formulation and solution algorithm are valid, and the enhanced NSGA-II outperforms the original algorithm in both convergence to the true Pareto-optimal set and solution diversity.
基金This research was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation for the Youth （No. 11002090）, Shanghai Natural Science Foundation （No. 10ZR1417900） and the Program for Key Disciplines of the Shanghai Mu- nicipal Education Commission （No. J50206）.
文摘With the increase of elderly population, more and more implant operations need to be performed in osteoporotic bone, while different forms of microdamage will be produced in peri-implant bone intraoperatively, including high- and low-density diffuse damages, as well as linear cracks. The length and location of the microcracks are the main factors in affecting the biomechanical performance of bone. Suppression of bone remodeling by bisphosphonates may lead to microdamage accumulation, which is often accompanied with the decrease of bonestrength and the increase of bone fragility. Microdamage can be repaired by bone remodeling or mineralization to maintain the strength and structural integrity. Both remodeling and mineralization can affect the bone quality and long-term implant stability, In this paper, we make a brief summary of some important issues and research progresses in this field.
