薪炭林经营管理技术的研究

薪炭林经营管理技术的研究黑龙江省拜泉县林业局宋立新，滕晓峰，朱新印，拜泉苗圃，何义农我县部分柳树薪炭林因经营管理粗放，品种混杂，生机减退，造成缺墩断空，产量很低。为此，我们着重在树种选择、营造技术、经营措施等方面进行研究探讨，以提高单位面积产量，达到...

Preparation of lactic acid from glucose in ionic liquid solvent system

A new reaction system was designed to economically convert glucose to lactic acid environment-friendly. Hydrophobic ionic liquids were chosen as solvent that can promote the decomposition reaction of glucose, and the catalytic performance of the solid bases was evaluated. Both the reaction temperature and time can affect the yield of lactic acid. A high yield （97%） of lactic acid was achieved under the optimal reaction condition. The IH NMR spectra and HPLC-MS were used to identify the formation of the lactic acid and variations of ionic liquid. It is found that ionic-liquids have a unique solvent effect for glucose and bases. Water can be used as solvent to extract calcium lactate. This shows a great potential of hydrophobic ionic liquids in the solid bases catalyzed reaction that is limited by the weak solubility of solid bases in organic and water solution.

Human evacuation affected by smoke movement in mine fires

The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of smoke movement during mine fires on miner evacuation behaviors. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics method was conducted to reconstruct the lane- way conveyor belt fire scenes under two ventilating conditions. The parameters, including temperature-time histories, soot density, carbon monoxide and heat release rate, were simulated to characterize the mine fires at various ventilating speeds. A miner evacuation model affected by fire smoke movement was advanced to describe the miner evacuation behaviors, which can be divided into three stages. Based on the evacuation model coupled with the mine fire smoke movement, the available safety evacuation time for miners involved in coal mine fire located in different sites was estimated. Two evacuation patterns were advanced according to the ventilating speeds combined with the model of miner evacuation behaviors. The results show that the miners located between the inlet-air end and the air door in lane 1 should be evacuated to the inlet-air end and other miners involved in coal mine fire could choose the air door as the escaping destination, when the ventilation speed is greater than 3 m/s. Accordingly, the research can be used as references for the mine safety administration authorities to design the safety evacuation.

Hydrophobicity and carbonation treatment of earthen monuments in humid weather condition

Water stability of soil is crucial to the durability of earthen monuments,especially those located in the humid weather condition.This paper discusses the selection reason of materials(tung oil and quicklime) for earthen monument treatment,and then validates the applicability of these materials with tests of soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC),aggregate stability test(AST) and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The soil tested was sampled from Da Bao'en temple in Nanjing,Jiangsu province,China.The test results indicate that the carbonation reaction of quicklime offers a favorable environment for the formation of tung oil film.Meanwhile,the regulatory function of tung oil restricts the crystallinity of calcium carbonate(CaCO3) and forms fine crystals.Soil treated with both of tung oil and quicklime has good water repellency and aggregate stability without obvious changing in aesthetic appearance.Hydrophobicity and carbonation treatment can be applied prospectively in the conservation of earthen monument located in humid weather condition.

Therapeutic effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus medications for senile osteoporosis and its effect on serum BMP-2 and OPG levels

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus medications on senile osteoporosis(SOP),and to explore the related mechanisms.Methods:A total of 70 elderly participants with osteoporosis were randomly divided into an observation group and control group,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional drugs,and the observation group was treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion on the basis of the conventional drugs.Both groups were treated for 3 months.Before and after treatment,assessed the visual analog scale(VAS)and Oswestry disability index(ODI)scores,determined the bone mineral density of the participants'lumbar spine(L2-L4)and left femoral neck,and detected the participants'serum bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)levels.Results:After treatment,the VAS scores of both groups were lower than before treatment(both P<0.05),and the VAS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the bone mineral density values of the lumbar spine and left femoral neck in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment(both P<0.05),and the bone mineral density values of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the ODI scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment(both P<0.05),and the ODI score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the serum BMP-2 and OPG levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(both P<0.05).Conclusion:Heat-sensitive moxibustion plus medications for SOP can significantly relieve patients'pain,improve dysfunction,and increase bone density,which may be related to the improvement of the serum BMP-2 and OPG levels.

Effects of rarefaction on the characteristics of micro gas journal bearings

Given the definition of the reference Knudsen number for micro gas journal bearings,the range in the number is related to the viscosity of air at different temperatures. A modified Reynolds equation for micro gas journal bearings based on Burgdorfer's first-order slip boundary condition is proposed that takes into account the gas rarefaction effect. The finite difference method (FDM) is adopted to solve the modified Reynolds equation to obtain the pressure profiles,load capacities and attitude angles for micro gas journal bearings at different reference Knudsen numbers,bearing numbers and journal eccentricity ratios. Numerical analysis shows that pressure profiles and non-dimensional load capacities decrease markedly as gas rarefaction in-creases. Attitude angles change conversely,and when the eccentricity ratio is less than 0.6,the attitude angles rise slightly and the influence of the reference Knudsen number is not marked. In addition,the effect of gas rarefaction on the non-dimensional load capacity and attitude angle decreases with smaller bearing numbers.

Optimality conditions for sparse nonlinear programming

The sparse nonlinear programming （SNP） is to minimize a general continuously differentiable func- tion subject to sparsity, nonlinear equality and inequality constraints. We first define two restricted constraint qualifications and show how these constraint qualifications can be applied to obtain the decomposition properties of the Frechet, Mordukhovich and Clarke normal cones to the sparsity constrained feasible set. Based on the decomposition properties of the normal cones, we then present and analyze three classes of Karush-Kuhn- Tucker （KKT） conditions for the SNP. At last, we establish the second-order necessary optimality condition and sufficient optimality condition for the SNP.