游离氨基酸含量对食品风味特征的影响

对木瓜酶解蛋白奶及酵母自溶过程中蛋白水解度与其风味特征的研究结果表明，处于β－转角的氨基酸最先受到蛋白酶的攻击，其次是α－螺旋的Ｎ端和Ｃ端氨基酸。α－螺旋内部和β－折叠中的氨基酸受到蛋白酶作用的概率基本接近。随着蛋白质酶解度的提高，游离氨基酸的疏水能增加，蛋白水解液的风味逐渐变苦。综合味感值与游离氨基酸的综合流水能之间存在极显著的负相关。

蛋白水解度对食品风味特征的影响

对木瓜酶解蛋白奶及酵母自溶过程中蛋白水解度与其风味特征的研究结果表明，处于β－转角的氨基酸最先受到蛋白酶的攻击，其次是α－螺旋的Ｎ端和Ｃ端氨基酸．α－螺旋内部和β－折叠中的氨基酸受到蛋白酶作用的概率基本接近．随着蛋白质酶解度的提高，游离氨基酸的疏水能增加，蛋白水解液的风味逐渐变苦．综合味感值与游离氨基酸的综合疏水能之间存在极显著的负相关．

酱油渣中副干酪乳杆菌的分离鉴定及抗氧化特性研究

利用传统微生物培养法从酱油渣中分离得到10株副干酪乳杆菌,其中8株为Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei,称为HT31、HT51、HT90、HT111、HT125、HT159、HT253和HT256;2株为Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.tolerans,称为HT155和HT158。通过形态学观察、生理生化特征试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析方法对其进行鉴定,并研究其对人工胃肠液耐受能力、疏水能力及抗氧化能力。模拟胃肠液耐受试验结果表明:耐受胃液3 h后,菌株HT31、HT111、HT155菌株存活率分别为(86.33±1.24)%,(31.37±0.50)%,(57.43±1.56)%;在模拟肠液中培养8 h后,菌株HT31、HT111、HT155菌株存活率分别为(60.22±0.16)%,(62.18±0.70)%,(52.84±0.00)%。疏水性试验结果表明:菌株HT31、HT111、HT155疏水率分别为(18.52±0.76)%,(26.51±0.66)%,(25.41±0.58)%。抗氧化试验结果表明:菌株HT31细胞悬浮液DPPH清除率为(26.25±0.01)%,其无细胞提取物DPPH清除率为(16.03±0.03)%;菌株HT31细胞悬浮液羟基自由基清除率为(42.88±0.21)%,其无细胞提取物羟基自由基清除率为(27.74±0.01)%,表明菌株HT31具有较好的模拟胃肠液耐受能力、疏水能力及抗氧化能力。

离子表面活性剂界面吸附的简单计算

本文从分析离子性表面活性剂在稀水溶液中电离出的阳离子与活性阴离子的能量出发，计算了界面区域的吸附量，得到了一个有意义的结果．

Hydrophobic intensification flotation:Comparison of collector containing two minerophilic groups with conventional collectors

The surface hydrophobization and flotation of a xanthate−hydroxamate collector toward copper oxide mineral were compared with the combined collectors of xanthate and hydroxamate through water contact angle(WCA)and micro-flotation experiments.The results showed that S-[(2-hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-O-octyl-dithiocarbonate ester(HAOODE)exhibited stronger hydrophobization and better flotation performance to malachite(Cu2(OH)2CO3)than octyl-hydroxamic acid(OHA)and its combination with S-allyl-O-ethyl xanthate ester(AEXE).To understand the hydrophobic intensification mechanism of HAOODE to malachite,zeta potential,atomic force microscopy(AFM)and XPS measurements were carried out.The results recommended that malachite chemisorbed HAOODE to form Cu—HAOODE complexes in which the hydroxamate—(O,O)—Cu and—O—C(—S—Cu)—S—configurations co-existed.The co-adsorption of HAOODE’s hetero-difunctional groups was more stable than the single-functionalgroup adsorption of OHA and AEXE,which produced the“loop”structure and intensified the self-assembly alignment of HAOODE on malachite surfaces.In addition,the“h”shape steric orientation of the double hydrophobic groups in HAOODE facilitated stronger hydrophobization toward malachite than the“line”or“V”hydrophobic carbon chains of OHA or AEXE.Thus,HAOODE achieved the preferable flotation recovery of malachite particles in comparison with OHA and AEXE.

A general, rapid and solvent-free approach to fabricating nanostructured polymer surfaces

A general, rapid and solvent-free approach is proposed to fabricate nanostructured polymer surfaces by coupling ultrasonic vi- bration and anodized aluminum oxide templating. With our approach, hollow nanorods or nanofibers with controlled diameter and length are prepared on polymer surfaces. The whole fabrication process is completed in ～30 s and equally applicable to polymers of different crystalline structures. The wettability of the as-fabricated polymer surfaces （being hydrophilic, hydro- phobic, highly hydrophobic or even superhydrophobic） is readily regulated by adjusting the welding time from 0 s to a maxi- mum of 10 s. Our approach can be a promising industrial basis for manufacturing functional nanomaterials in the fields of electronics, optics, sensors, biology, medicine, coating, or fluidic technologies.

Superhydrophobic and antireflective nanograss-coated glass for high performance solar cells

We present a facile method for producing superhydrophobic nanograss-coated （SNGC） glass surfaces that possess both reduced reflectivity and self-cleaning properties at the air/glass interface. The refractive index of a CaF2 nanograss （NG） layer on a glass substrate, deposited by glancing angle vapor deposition, is 1.04 at 500 nm, which is the second-lowest value ever reported so far. The fluorinated NG layer gives rise to a high water contact angle （〉150°） and very efficient cleaning out of dust with water drops. Using the dual functionalities of the SNGC glass, we demonstrate superhydrophobic and antireflective organic photovoltaic cells with excellent power conversion efficiency.

Surface properties of encapsulating hydrophobic nanoparticles regulate the main phase transition temperature of lipid bilayers： A simulation study

The main phase transition temperature of a lipid membrane, which is vital for its biomedical applications such as controllable drug release, can be regulated by encapsulating hydrophobic nanoparticles into the membrane. However, the exact relationship between surface properties of the encapsulating nanoparticles and the main phase transition temperature of a lipid membrane is far from clear. In the present work we performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to meet this end. The results show the surface roughness of nanoparticles and the density of surface-modifying molecules on the nanoparticles are responsible for the regulation. Increasing the surface roughness of the nanoparticles increases the main phase transition temperature of the lipid membrane, whereas it can be decreased in a nonlinear way via increasing the density of surface-modifying molecules on the nanoparticles. The results may provide insights for understanding recent experimental studies and promote the applications of nanoparticles in controllable drug release by regulating the main phase transition temperature of lipid vesicles.

Wetting transition energy curves for a droplet on a square-post patterned surface

Due to the property of water repellence, biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely applied to green technologies, in turn inducing wider and deeper investigations on superhydrophobic surfaces. Theoretical, experimental and numerical studies on wetting transitions have been carried out by researchers, but the mechanism of wetting transitions between Cassie-Baxter state and Wenzel state, which is crucial to develop a stable superhydrophobic surface, is still not fully understood. In this paper, the flee energy curves based on the transition processes are presented and discussed in detail. The exis- tence of energy barriers with or without consideration of the gravity effect, and the irreversibility of wet- ting transition are discussed based on the presented energy curves. The energy curves show that different routes of the Cassie-to-Wenzel transition and the reverse transition are the main reason for the irre- versibility. Numerical simulations are implemented via a phase field lattice Boltzmann method of large density ratio, and the simulation results show good consistency with the theoretical analysis.

Preparation and properties of physically and chemically cross-linked hybrid hydrophobic association hydrogels with good mechanical strength

To correct the defects of hydrophobic association hydrogels （HA-gels）, new physically and chemically cross-linked hybrid hy- drophobic association hydrogels （hybrid HA-gels） were prepared by radical copolymerization of acrylamide （AM）, octylphe- nol polyoxyethylene （n） acrylate （OPnAC, n stands for the number of ethoxy group, and is 10 and 21） and N,N＇-methylene- bisacrylamide （MBA）. On the basis of the statistical molecular theory of rubber elastic, the Mooney-Rivlin model and using the tensile true stress （O＇true） tested at room temperature, the number of network strands per unit volume （o~） and the num- ber-average molar mass of a network strand （Me） were evaluated for hybrid HA-gels. For the hydrogels, the effect of the con- tent of MBA and OP10AC on their tensile mechanical properties was studied by using o0 and Mc; also, the effect of the com- positions and temperature on their swelling behavior in distilled water was discussed in detail. In addition, hybrid HA-gels in- cluding a small quantity of MBA possessed the capabilities of secondary self-healing and remolding. In contrast with HA-gels prepared by the same compositions besides MBA, hybrid HA-gels showed good mechanical strength and long-term thermal stability in distilled water in the range of 25 to 80℃. Furthemore, hybrid HA-gels also avoided the self-deswelling behavior of HA-gels. The results show that the application fields of HA-gels will be greatly broadened after introducing a chemical cross-linking network.

Design of multi-functional dual hole patterned carbon nanotube composites with superhydrophobicity and durability

Most current research on nanocomposites has focused on their bulk attributes, i.e., electrical, microwave, thermal, and mechanical properties. In practical applications, surface properties such as robustness against environmental contamination are critical design considerations if intrinsic properties are to be maintained. The aim of this research is to combine the bulk properties of nanocomposites with the superhydrophobic surface properties provided by imprinting techniques to create a single multi-functional system with enhanced bulk properties. We report the development of a highly conductive superhydrophobic nanotube composite, which is directly superimposed with a durable dual hole pattern through imprinting techniques. The dual hole pattern avoids the use of high slenderness ratio structures resulting in a surface which is robust against physical damage. Its stable superhydrophobic properties were characterized both theoretically and experimentally. By incorporating high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes （CNTs）, the dual patterned composites can also be effectively used for anti-icing and deicing applications where their superhydrophobic surface suppresses ice formation and their quick electric heating response at low voltage eliminates remaining frost. In addition, superior electromagnetic interference （EMI） shielding effectiveness （SE） was attained, with one of the highest values ever reported in the literature.