Identification of human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous papillomas

AIM： To investigate the presence of human papillomavirus （HPV） in esophageal squamous papilloma （ESP） and determine p16, p53 and Ki67 expression in a Mexican cohort. METHODS： Nineteen cases diagnosed as ESP, corresponding to 18 patients were reviewed; nineteen cases of normal esophageal mucosa were used as negative controls. HPV detection was performed by ,amplified chromogenic in situ hybridization （ACISH） using a wide spectrum-cocktail probe and PCR. RESULTS： The average age at presentation was 46.3 years （range 28-72 years）. Patients included four （22.22%） males and 14 （77.77%） females. The most frequent location was upper third （11 cases）, followed by middle third （3 cases） and unknown site （5 cases）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） revealed basal and focal p53 expression in 17 cases （89%）; p16 was expressed in eight cases （42.10%） and the Ki67 index ranged from 10% to 30%. HPV was detected in 14 out of 16 cases （87.5%） by ACISH： Twelve showed diffuse nuclear patterns and two showed granular patterns. HPV DNA was identified by PCR in 12 out of 14 cases （85.7%）. Low-risk HPV types were detected in the most of the cases. CONCLUSION： This study provides identification of HPV infection in almost 80% of ESP using either ACISH or PCR; overall, all of these lesions show low expression of cell-cycle markers. We suggest ACISH as an alternative diagnostic tool for HPV detection in ESR .

COMPARISON BETWEEN IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND PCR IN DETECTING HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS IN CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA

Objective To compare the effectiveness of immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction （PCR） in detecring human papilloma virus （HPV） in condyloma acuminata （CA）. Methods HPVs in CA tissues from 60 patients were detected by immunofluorescence and PCR, respectively. Different subtypes of HPVs were also identified with restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） . Resuits The positive detective rates of immunofluorescence and PCR were 56. 67 % （34/60） and 96. 67 % （58/ 60）, respectively （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. RFLP results showed HPV6 and HPV11 were the main subtypes in the detected virus, which accounted for 98.28%. Conclusion The sensibility of PCR is superior to that of immunofluorescence.

TLMA Expression in Condyloma Acuminata from Patients with High and Low Risk HPV

Objective: To detect the activated expression oftelomerase in condyloma acuminata lesions in low-risk (6/11)and high-risk (16/18) human papilloma virus (HPV)infection and examine the role played by telomerase in theoccurrence, development and carcinomatous change ofcondyloma acuminata. Methods: Assaying the expression of telomerase and thetype of HPV in damaged skin of 42 CA patients and normalskin of 30 healthy control individuals through telomeraserepeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and polymerase chainreaction (PCR). Results: In all the normal skin controls, PCR for HPV wasnegative and only 16.7% of samples were positive for TLMAexpression; in CA lesions, HPV testing was positive in all (32cases were low-risk, 3 were high-risk, and 7 were of mixedtype) and all were positive for TLMA expression. Conclusion: TLMA may be activated by HPV infection,and in turn cause the hyperplasia of epidermal cells. It wasalso indicated that HPV, especially high risk types, canactivate TLMA. The activation of TLMA may play animportant role in abnormal hyperplasia and carcinomatouschanges in CA lesions.