舍饲肉羊主要疫病分析及防治对策

随着肉羊养殖业规模化和集约化的发展,相关主要疫病在养殖场舍饲羊群体间进行快速传播,严重威胁了肉羊的健康生长,夏季时节的疾病发生率尤其显著,严重影响肉羊的生产性能,进而降低生产经济效益。因此应掌握舍饲肉羊主要疫病的发生与传播特点,并采取综合防治对策,提高养殖经济效益,促进肉羊养殖行业的发展。本文结合笔者从业反刍动物疾病诊疗工作经验,对舍饲肉羊常见主要疫病的流行特点、临床症状、病理变化及相应的综合防治对策进行综述,以期为养殖场对肉羊主要疫病的诊断及防治工作提供参考。

影响胶东半岛地区舍饲羊场生产的主要疫病分析

对胶东半岛12个大型羊场在2005年至2008年进行了疫病跟踪调查,研究分析3年来羊群传染性疫病、寄生虫病、营养代谢发病情况,并通过流行病学调查、临床症状、病理解剖、饱和盐水漂浮法检测虫卵,血液涂片、血液常规分析等方法进行综合判断。结果表明:在传染性疾病中,困扰胶东半岛舍饲羊养殖业的传染病主要是羊梭菌病、传染性胸膜肺炎、传染性脓疱病和羔羊痢疾。

陕南白山羊疫病分析及有效防控措施

陕南白山羊产于陕西南部,具有良好的产肉性能,抗病力强,肉质鲜美。但在养殖过程中,必须要坚持预防为主,防重于治的原则,加强饲养管理,搞好卫生环境,防止疫病发生,定期驱虫,预防中毒等综合性的防治措施。

副神经节瘤的临床免疫病理分析

目的 :探讨副神经节瘤的临床病理及免疫组化特点。方法 :对 2 1例副神经节瘤患者进行组织学观察 ,应用免疫组化方法检测NSE、Chomogranin(CgA)、Synaptophysin(Sy)、S -10 0、GFAP、CK、EMA及Vim在副神经节瘤中的表达。结果 :副神经节瘤的组织形态具有神经内分泌肿瘤的特征 ,免疫标记阳性率 :NSE 10 0 % ,CgA 76 2 % ,Sy 80 9% ,S -10 071 4% ,GFAP 71 4% ,CK、EMA及Vim均阴性。结论 :病理形态不作为判断副神经节瘤良恶性的指标 ,其良恶性主要依其生物性行为判断 。

人脑胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的分子免疫病理分析

目的 探讨不同类型人脑胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的变化。方法 细胞增殖用免疫组化检测增殖细胞标记Ki 6 7,增殖程度用增殖指数 (Ki 6 7LI)来评估 ;细胞凋亡用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测 ,凋亡程度通过凋亡指数 (AI)来评估 ;通过Ki 6 7LI和AI计算总体日常生长情况(KP)。结果 Ki 6 7作为细胞增殖的标志 ,与人脑胶质瘤的分型有很好的一致性 ,是病理诊断中可以参考的指标 ;在星形细胞的肿瘤中凋亡为少见现象 ,在恶性程度较高的肿瘤中凋亡细胞增多 ,提示与肿瘤分型有关。结论 增殖和凋亡的失衡是人脑胶质瘤恶性进展的重要原因。

2021年西昌市动物疫病风险分析及防控策略

西昌市根据实际情况进行了动物疫病风险分析,遵循“结合实际、针对实用、具体实效”的原则制定防控策略,特别是在非洲猪瘟防控上采取“分类指导、分层施教,逐级培训”的模式开展大培训、大宣传、大消毒、大排查、大监测等五大行动进行疫病防控。

深圳口岸旅客检疫截留物携带风险分析及检疫处理方法探讨

本文梳理了进出境携带物的种类,重点对携带物中可能携带的人类传染病病原体、动物病原体和植物病原体进行风险分析,提出了无害化处理以及避免再次流入市场的方法,为一线口岸检验检疫查验、开展防控外来有害生物入侵和探索科学的检疫处理方法提供参考。

经济评估在动物卫生风险分析的应用与启示

风险分析是国际组织力促在国际贸易中应用的主要原则之一,动物疫病风险分析的经济评估在欧、美等畜牧业发达国家被广泛应用,也使这些国家的动物卫生管理更加制度化、规范化、合理化。本文介绍国外动物疫病风险分析经济评估的研究成果,并结合中国国情,就其对中国的启示和借鉴进行阐述。

免疫荧光病理检验的敏感性在狼疮性肾炎诊断中的意义

目的针对在临床诊断时狼疮性肾炎采取免疫荧光病理检验的敏感性进行分析。方法应用直接免疫荧光法对131例LN患者进行肾活检组织免疫病理分析。结果IgG、IgA、IgM以及Clq、Cs等抗体的沉积主要分布在Ⅱ型，Ⅲ型，IV以及V型，其中1V型和V型为最多；IgG、IgA等均阳性者在Ⅱ型患者中占44．53％，Ⅲ型为48．77％，IV型为76．23％，V型为66．87％。结论IgG、IgA等均为阳性为特征的病理表现，对诊断LN具有重要意义。

Confirmed Diagnosis by RT-PCR and Phylogenetic Analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Viruses in Tibet, China

This paper reports the confirmed diagnosis by nested RT-PCR of PPR cases in Tibet, China in 2007, and results of phylogenetic analysis. Results showed that the 11 tested samples were PPRV positive by nested RT-PCR, of which 2 samples were genetically close to the X7443 strain (Nigeria 75/1) of lineage I, and 3 samples close to the strain AY560591 (Sungri96) of linage IV with 96.6%、97.3%、97.6% and 98% nucleotide sequence homogeneity respectively, based on partial sequencing of the F gene from 5 samples and complete sequencing of the N/M/F/H genes from one sample. This study suggested that there are at least 2 origins of PPRV in China.

Human bocavirus: Current knowledge and future challenges

Human bocavirus(HBoV) is a parvovirus isolated about a decade ago and found worldwide in both respiratory samples, mainly from early life and children of 6-24 mo of age with acute respiratory infection, and in stool samples, from patients with gastroenteritis. Since then, other viruses related to the first HBoV isolate(HBoV 1), namely HBoV 2, HBoV 3 and HBoV 4, have been detected principally in human faeces. HBo Vs are small nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses of about 5300 nucleotides, consisting of three open reading frames encoding the first two the non-structural protein 1(NS1) and nuclear phosphoprotein(NP1) and the third the viral capsid proteins 1 and 2(VP1 and VP2). HBoV pathogenicity remains to be fully clarified mainly due to the lack of animal models for the difficulties in replicating the virus in in vitro cell cultures, and the fact that HBo V infection is frequently accompanied by at least another viral and/or bacterial respiratory and/or gastroenteric pathogen infection. Current diagnostic methods to support HBoV detection include polymerase chain reaction, real-time PCR, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and enzyme immunoassay using recombinant VP2 or virus-like particle capsid proteins, although sequence-independent amplification techniques combined with next-generation sequencing platforms promise rapid and simultaneous detection of the pathogens in the future. This review presents the current knowledge on HBoV genotypes with emphasis on taxonomy, phylogenetic relationship and genomic analysis, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods. The emerging discussion on HBoV s as true pathogen or innocent bystander is also emphasized.

Viral kinetics of Enterovirus 71 in human habdomyosarcoma cells

AIM:To characterise the viral kinetics of enterovirus 71 (EV71).METHODS:In this study,human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells were infected with EV71 at different multiplicity of infection (MOI).After infection,the cytopathic effect (CPE) was monitored and recorded using a phase contrast microscope associated with a CCD camera at different time points post viral infection (0,6,12,24 h post infection).Cell growth and viability were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in both EV71 infected and mock infected cells at each time point.EV71 replication kinet-ics in RD cells was determined by measuring the total intracellular viral RNA with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Also,the intracellular and extracellular virion RNA was isolated and quantified at different time points to analyze the viral package and secretion.The expression of viral protein was determined by analyze the levels of viral structure protein VP1 with Western blotting.RESULTS:EV71 infection induced a significant CPE as early as 6 h post infection (p.i.) in both RD cells infected with high ratio of virus (MOI 10) and low ratio of virus (MOI 1).In EV71 infected cells,the cell growth was inhibited and the number of viable cells was rapidly decreased in the later phase of infection.EV71 virions were uncoated immediately after entry.The intracellular viral RNA began to increase at as early as 3 h p.i.and the exponential increase was found between 3 h to 6 h p.i.in both infected groups.For viral structure protein synthesis,results from western-blot showed that intracellular viral protein VP1 could not be detected until 6 h p.i.in the cells infected at either MOI 1 or MOI 10;and reached the peak at 9 h p.i.in the cells infected with EV71 at both MOI 1 and MOI 10.Simultaneously,the viral package and secretion were also actively processed as the virus underwent rapid replication.The viral package kinetics was comparable for both MOI 1 and MOI 10 infected groups.It was observed that at 3 h p.i,the intracellular virions obviously decreased,thereafter,the intracellular virions began to increase and enter into the exponential phase until 12 h p.i.The total amounts of intracellular virons were decreased from 12 to 24 h p.i.Consistent with this result,the increase of virus secretion occurred during 6 to 12 h p.i.CONCLUSION:The viral kinetics of EV71 were established by analyzing viral replication,package and secretion in RD cells.

Expression and Immunological Analysis of Capsid Protein Precursor of Swine Vesicular Disease Virus HK/70

VP1, a capsid protein of swine vesicular disease virus, was cloned from the SVDV HK/70 strain and inserted into retroviral vector pBABE puro, and expressed in PK15 cells by an retroviral expression system. The ability of the VP1 protein to induce an immune response was then evaluated in guinea pigs. Western blot and ELISA results indicated that the VP1 protein can be recognized by SVDV positive serum, Furthermore, anti-SVDV specific antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation were elicited and increased by VP1 protein after vaccination. These results encourage further work towards the development of a vaccine against SVDV infection.

Immunogenicity Analysis of Prokaryotic Expression Products of Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus orf65

To purify the protein encoding the small capsid protein （SCP） of KSHV and analyze its immunogenicity, the carboxyl terminus of orf65 of Kaposi＇s sarcoma associated-herpesvirus （KSHV） was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system. The expression of recombinant E.coli containing pQE-80L-orf65 was induced by isopropyl-13-D-thiogalactopyranoside （IPTG） and the fusion protein was purified by chromatography. The expressed protein and its purified product were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and showed that 9 kDa was the expected size of the purified orf65 protein. The antiserum was produced in rabbit which was immunized by purified orf65 protein. An ELISA assay was established to analyze the immunogenicity of the purified orf65 protein. The ELISA analysis demonstrated that orf65 protein has strong immune activity, and the immune activity of polyclonal antibody against orf65 was more than 4 fold higher than that in the serum of the non-immunized rabbit. These results demonstrate that purified orf65 protein has very strong immunogenicity and can be used in screening KSHV infection in the general population using ELISA.

Lack of specific association between gastric autoimmunity hallmarks and clinical presentations of atrophic body gastritis

AIM： To investigate the possible relationships between gastric autoimmune phenomena and clinical presentations of this disorder, in consecutive atrophic body gastritis patients. METHODS： A total of 140 atrophic body gastritis patients, diagnosed as consecutive outpatients presenting with macrocytic or iron deficiency anemia, or longstanding dyspepsia underwent gastroscopy with antral and body biopsies, assay of intrinsic factor, parietal cells and Helicobacter pylori （ H pylon） antibodies. Gastritis was assessed according to Sydney System. RESULTS： Parietal cell antibodies were equally distributed in all clinical presentations, whereas the positivity of intrinsic factor antibodies （49/140, 35%） was significantly higher in pernicious anemia patients （49.2%） than in iron deficiency （21.1%） and dyspeptic patients （27.8%）. No specific pattern of autoantibodies was related to the clinical presentations of atrophic body gastritis. A positive correlation was obtained between the body atrophy score and the intrinsic factor antibody levels （r=0.2216, P=0.0085）. Associated autoimmune diseases were present in 25/140 （17.9%） patients, but the prevalence of autoimmune diseases was comparable, irrespective of the clinical presentations. CONCLUSION： The so-called hallmarks of gastric autoimmunity, particularly in intrinsic factor antibody cannot be usefully employed in defining an autoimmune pattern in the clinical presentations of ABG.

Sequence Variation in the Gp120 region of SHIV-CN97001 during in vivo Passage

SHIV-CN97001 played an important role in assessing the immune effect and strategy of the AIDS vaccine which included genes of the predominant prevalent HIV-1 strain in China. In this study, SHIV-CN97001 was in vivo passaged serially to construct pathogenic SHIV-CN97001/rhesus macaques model. To identify variation in the gp120 region of SHIV-CN97001 during passage, the fragments of gp120 gene were amplified by RT-PCR from the plasma of SHIV-CN97001 infected animals at the peak viral load time point and the gene distances (divergence, diversity) were calculated using DISTANCE. The analysis revealed that the genetic distances of SHIV-CN97001 in the third passage animals were the highest during in vivo passage. It had a relationship between viral divergence from the founder strain and viral replication ability. The nucleic acid sequence of the V3 region was highly conservative. All of the SHIV-CN97001 strains had V3 loop central motif (GPGQ) and were predicted to be using CCR5 co-receptor on the basis of the critical amino acids within V3 loop. These results show that there was no significant increase in the genetic distance during serial passage, and SHIV-CN97001 gp120 gene evolved toward ancestral states upon transmission to a new host. This could partly explain why there was no pathogenic viral strain obtained during in vivo passage.

The Biology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and the Infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV),also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8),is discovered in 1994 from Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesion of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient. In addition to its association with KS,KSHV has also been implicated as the causative agent of two other AIDS-associated malignancies: primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD). KSHV is a complex DNA virus that not only has the ability to promote cellular growth and survival for tumor development,but also can provoke deregulated angiogenesis,inflammation,and modulate the patient’s immune system in favor of tumor growth. As KSHV is a necessary but not sufficient etiological factor for KS,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a very important cofactor. Here we review the basic information about the biology of KSHV,development of pathogenesis and interaction between KSHV and HIV.

T-cell ageing in end-stage renal disease patients:Assessment and clinical relevance

End-stage renal disease （ESRD） patients have a defec-tive T-cell-mediated immune system which is related to excessive premature ageing of the T-cell compartment. This is likely to be caused by the uremia-associated pro-infammatory milieu, created by loss of renal func-tion. Therefore, ESRD patients are highly susceptible for infections, have an increased risk for virus-associated cancers, respond poorly to vaccination and have an increased risk for atherosclerotic diseases. Three ageing parameters can be used to assess an immu-nological T-cell age. First, thymic output can be deter-mined by assessing the T-cell receptor excision circles-content together with CD31 expression within the na？ve T cells. Second, the telomere length of T cells and third the T-cell differentiation status are also indicators of T-cell ageing. Analyses based on these parameters in ESRD patients revealed that the immunological T-cell age is increased by on average 20 years compared to the chronological age. After kidney transplantation （KTx） the aged T-cell phenotype persists although the pro-inflammatory milieu is diminished. This might be explained by epigenetic modifcations at hematopoietic stem cells level. Assessment of an immunological T-cell age could be an important tool to identify KTx recipi-ents who are at risk for allograft rejection or to prevent over-immunosuppression.