目的评估甘肃省≥15岁人群接种乙型脑炎(乙脑)减毒活疫苗(Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine,JEV-L)的成本效用。方法构建甘肃省和三个乙脑高发市(天水市、平凉市和陇南市)≥15岁人群不接种、接种1剂次、接种2剂次JEV-L策...目的评估甘肃省≥15岁人群接种乙型脑炎(乙脑)减毒活疫苗(Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine,JEV-L)的成本效用。方法构建甘肃省和三个乙脑高发市(天水市、平凉市和陇南市)≥15岁人群不接种、接种1剂次、接种2剂次JEV-L策略的决策树-Markov模型,计算相应成本和质量调整生命年(Quality-adjusted life year,QALY),以及接种1剂次和2剂次与不接种相比的增量成本效用比(Incremental cost-utility ratio,ICUR)和增量净货币效益(Incremental net monetary benefit,INMB),并进行敏感性分析。结果甘肃省≥15岁人群接种1剂次和2剂次JEV-L与不接种相比,ICUR(元/QALY)分别为30143.9和62569.8,人均INMB分别为3.2元和-16.0元;天水市、平凉市和陇南市相应ICUR(元/QALY)分别为10063.1和25544.2、9404.6和24454.2、4442.5和15456.7,相应人均INMB分别为30.0元和13.2元、31.7元和15.0元、51.4元和36.4元。单因素敏感性分析显示乙脑发病率、贴现率、年龄别自然死亡率、疫苗价格及接种实施费用对ICUR影响较大。结论甘肃省≥15岁人群1剂次JEV-L免疫策略以及乙脑高发市1剂次和2剂次JEV-L免疫策略均具有成本效用。展开更多
Immunosenescence is described as a decline in the normal functioning of the immune system associated with physiologic ageing.Immunosenescence contributes to reduced efficacy to vaccination and increased susceptibility...Immunosenescence is described as a decline in the normal functioning of the immune system associated with physiologic ageing.Immunosenescence contributes to reduced efficacy to vaccination and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in the elderly.Extensive studies of laboratory animal models of ageing or donor lymphocyte analysis have identified changes in immunity caused by the ageing process.Most of these studies have identified phenotypic and functional changes in innate and adaptive immunity.However,it is unclear which of these defects are critical for impaired immune defense against infection.This review describes the changes that occur in innate and adaptive immunity with ageing and some age-related viral diseases where defects in a key component of immunity contribute to the high mortality rate in mouse models of ageing.展开更多
文摘目的评估甘肃省≥15岁人群接种乙型脑炎(乙脑)减毒活疫苗(Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine,JEV-L)的成本效用。方法构建甘肃省和三个乙脑高发市(天水市、平凉市和陇南市)≥15岁人群不接种、接种1剂次、接种2剂次JEV-L策略的决策树-Markov模型,计算相应成本和质量调整生命年(Quality-adjusted life year,QALY),以及接种1剂次和2剂次与不接种相比的增量成本效用比(Incremental cost-utility ratio,ICUR)和增量净货币效益(Incremental net monetary benefit,INMB),并进行敏感性分析。结果甘肃省≥15岁人群接种1剂次和2剂次JEV-L与不接种相比,ICUR(元/QALY)分别为30143.9和62569.8,人均INMB分别为3.2元和-16.0元;天水市、平凉市和陇南市相应ICUR(元/QALY)分别为10063.1和25544.2、9404.6和24454.2、4442.5和15456.7,相应人均INMB分别为30.0元和13.2元、31.7元和15.0元、51.4元和36.4元。单因素敏感性分析显示乙脑发病率、贴现率、年龄别自然死亡率、疫苗价格及接种实施费用对ICUR影响较大。结论甘肃省≥15岁人群1剂次JEV-L免疫策略以及乙脑高发市1剂次和2剂次JEV-L免疫策略均具有成本效用。
文摘Immunosenescence is described as a decline in the normal functioning of the immune system associated with physiologic ageing.Immunosenescence contributes to reduced efficacy to vaccination and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in the elderly.Extensive studies of laboratory animal models of ageing or donor lymphocyte analysis have identified changes in immunity caused by the ageing process.Most of these studies have identified phenotypic and functional changes in innate and adaptive immunity.However,it is unclear which of these defects are critical for impaired immune defense against infection.This review describes the changes that occur in innate and adaptive immunity with ageing and some age-related viral diseases where defects in a key component of immunity contribute to the high mortality rate in mouse models of ageing.