目的:探讨较大电流强度的经颅微电流刺激(cranial electrical stimulation,CES)的疗效。方法:随机给予15名健康男性受试相隔一周的CES真刺激(0.3 m A、20 min)和假刺激(0.3 m A、30 s),测量作用前后的血压、心率,并且让受试者填写口头...目的:探讨较大电流强度的经颅微电流刺激(cranial electrical stimulation,CES)的疗效。方法:随机给予15名健康男性受试相隔一周的CES真刺激(0.3 m A、20 min)和假刺激(0.3 m A、30 s),测量作用前后的血压、心率,并且让受试者填写口头评分量表、状态焦虑量表、特质焦虑量表、恐惧调查量表-Ⅱ。结果:CES真刺激后受试者的心率减慢(P<0.05),收缩压升高(P<0.05),状态焦虑(P<0.05)、恐惧和疼痛程度均降低(P<0.05)。然而CES假刺激后被试者的恐惧程度也降低了(P<0.05)。结论:CES对改善精神状况和疼痛水平有一定的疗效,它可以作为一种辅助技术应用于临床病人,以减小药物的副作用和依赖性。展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） in spinal cord in the development of cystic pain in rabbit. Methods We observed the relationship between the activati...Objective To investigate the role of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） in spinal cord in the development of cystic pain in rabbit. Methods We observed the relationship between the activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord and nociceptive behaviors, as well as the effect of U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase （MEK, upstream protein of ERK1/2） inhibitor, on cystic pain in rabbits by behavioral test, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results After injecting 0.5 ml formalin into gallbladder, the behaviors such as grasping of the cheek and licking of the abdomen increased in 30 min, with a significant increase in pERK1/2 expression in the spinal cord, as well as the pERK1/ 2 immunoreactive cells located in laminae Ⅴ-Ⅶ and X of the dorsal horn and ventral horn of T6 spinal cord. Administration of U0126 （100 -400 μg/kg body weight, i.v., 10 min before instillation of formalin） could attenuated nociceptive behaviors dose-dependently, but could not restrain the nociceptive behaviors completely even at the maximal efficient dose of 400 μg/kg body weight. Conclusion Activated ERK1/2 in the spinal cord at least partly participates in the development of acute inflammatory cystic pain induced by formalin in rabbits.展开更多
Understanding and characterization of pain and other sensory symptoms are among the most important issues in the diagnosis and assessment of patient with gastrointestinal disorders. Methods to evoke and assess experim...Understanding and characterization of pain and other sensory symptoms are among the most important issues in the diagnosis and assessment of patient with gastrointestinal disorders. Methods to evoke and assess experimental pain have recently developed into a new area with the possibility for multimodal stimulation （e.g., electrical, mechanical, thermal and chemical stimulation） of different nerves and pain pathways in the human gut. Such methods mimic to a high degree the pain experienced in the clinic. Multimodal pain methods have increased our basic understanding of different peripheral receptors in the gut in health and disease. Together with advanced muscle analysis, the methods have increased our understanding of receptors sensitive to mechanical, chemical and temperature stimuli in diseases, such as systemic sclerosis and diabetes. The methods can also be used to unravel central pain mechanisms, such as those involved in allodynia, hyperalgesia and referred pain. Abnormalities in central pain mechanisms are often seen in patients with chronic gut pain and hence methods relying on multimodal pain stimulation may help to understand the symptoms in these patients. Sex differences have been observed in several diseases of the gut, and differences in central pain processing between males and females have been hypothesized using multimodal pain stimulations. Finally, multimodal methods have recently been used to gain more insight into the effect of drugs against pain in the GI tract. Hence, the multimodal methods undoubtedly represents a major step forward in the future characterization and treatment of patients with various diseases of the gut.展开更多
Gastric intramural hematoma is a rare injury of the stomach,and is most often seen in patients with underlying disease.Such injury following endoscopic therapy is even rarer,and there are no universally accepted guide...Gastric intramural hematoma is a rare injury of the stomach,and is most often seen in patients with underlying disease.Such injury following endoscopic therapy is even rarer,and there are no universally accepted guidelines for its treatment.In this case report,we describe a gastric intramural hematoma which occurred within 6 h of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).Past medical history of this patient was negative,and laboratory examinations revealed normal coagulation profiles and platelet count.Following EMR,the patient experienced severe epigastric pain and vomited 150 mL of gastric contents which were bright red in color.Subsequent emergency endoscopy showed a 4 cm × 5 cm diverticulum-like defect in the anterior gastric antrum wall and a 4 cm × 8 cm intramural hematoma adjacent to the endoscopic submucosal dissection lesion.Following unsatisfactory temporary conservative management,the patient was treated surgically and made a complete recovery.Retrospectively,one possible reason for the patient's condition is that the arterioles in the submucosa or muscularis may have been damaged during deep and massive submucosal injection.Thus,endoscopists should be aware of this potential complication and improve the level of surgery,especially the skills required for submucosal injection.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of pain relief after infu-sion of ropivacaine at port sites at the end of surgery.METHODS:From October 2006 to September 2007,72 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) were ...AIM:To investigate the effect of pain relief after infu-sion of ropivacaine at port sites at the end of surgery.METHODS:From October 2006 to September 2007,72 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) were randomized into two groups of 36 patients.One group received ropivacaine infusion at the port sites at the end of LC and the other received normal saline.A visual analog scale was used to assess postoperative pain when the patient awakened in the operating room,6 and 24 h after surgery,and before discharge.The amount of analgesics use was also recorded.The demographics,laboratory data,hospital stay,and perioperative complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:There was no difference between the two groups preoperatively in terms of demographic and lab-oratory data.After surgery,similar operation time,blood loss,and no postoperative morbidity and mortality were observed in the two groups.However,a significantly lower pain score was observed in the patients undergo-ing LC with local anesthesia infusion at 1 h after LC and at discharge.Regarding analgesic use,the amount of meperidine used 1 h after LC and the total used during admission were lower in patients undergoing LC with local anesthesia infusion.This group also had a shorter hospital stay.CONCLUSION:Local anesthesia with ropivacaine at the port site in LC patients signif icantly decreased post-operative pain immediately.This explains the lower meperidine use and earlier discharge for these patients.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨较大电流强度的经颅微电流刺激(cranial electrical stimulation,CES)的疗效。方法:随机给予15名健康男性受试相隔一周的CES真刺激(0.3 m A、20 min)和假刺激(0.3 m A、30 s),测量作用前后的血压、心率,并且让受试者填写口头评分量表、状态焦虑量表、特质焦虑量表、恐惧调查量表-Ⅱ。结果:CES真刺激后受试者的心率减慢(P<0.05),收缩压升高(P<0.05),状态焦虑(P<0.05)、恐惧和疼痛程度均降低(P<0.05)。然而CES假刺激后被试者的恐惧程度也降低了(P<0.05)。结论:CES对改善精神状况和疼痛水平有一定的疗效,它可以作为一种辅助技术应用于临床病人,以减小药物的副作用和依赖性。
文摘Objective To investigate the role of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） in spinal cord in the development of cystic pain in rabbit. Methods We observed the relationship between the activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord and nociceptive behaviors, as well as the effect of U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase （MEK, upstream protein of ERK1/2） inhibitor, on cystic pain in rabbits by behavioral test, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results After injecting 0.5 ml formalin into gallbladder, the behaviors such as grasping of the cheek and licking of the abdomen increased in 30 min, with a significant increase in pERK1/2 expression in the spinal cord, as well as the pERK1/ 2 immunoreactive cells located in laminae Ⅴ-Ⅶ and X of the dorsal horn and ventral horn of T6 spinal cord. Administration of U0126 （100 -400 μg/kg body weight, i.v., 10 min before instillation of formalin） could attenuated nociceptive behaviors dose-dependently, but could not restrain the nociceptive behaviors completely even at the maximal efficient dose of 400 μg/kg body weight. Conclusion Activated ERK1/2 in the spinal cord at least partly participates in the development of acute inflammatory cystic pain induced by formalin in rabbits.
基金Supported by "Det Obelske Familiefond" & "Spar Nord Fonden"
文摘Understanding and characterization of pain and other sensory symptoms are among the most important issues in the diagnosis and assessment of patient with gastrointestinal disorders. Methods to evoke and assess experimental pain have recently developed into a new area with the possibility for multimodal stimulation （e.g., electrical, mechanical, thermal and chemical stimulation） of different nerves and pain pathways in the human gut. Such methods mimic to a high degree the pain experienced in the clinic. Multimodal pain methods have increased our basic understanding of different peripheral receptors in the gut in health and disease. Together with advanced muscle analysis, the methods have increased our understanding of receptors sensitive to mechanical, chemical and temperature stimuli in diseases, such as systemic sclerosis and diabetes. The methods can also be used to unravel central pain mechanisms, such as those involved in allodynia, hyperalgesia and referred pain. Abnormalities in central pain mechanisms are often seen in patients with chronic gut pain and hence methods relying on multimodal pain stimulation may help to understand the symptoms in these patients. Sex differences have been observed in several diseases of the gut, and differences in central pain processing between males and females have been hypothesized using multimodal pain stimulations. Finally, multimodal methods have recently been used to gain more insight into the effect of drugs against pain in the GI tract. Hence, the multimodal methods undoubtedly represents a major step forward in the future characterization and treatment of patients with various diseases of the gut.
文摘Gastric intramural hematoma is a rare injury of the stomach,and is most often seen in patients with underlying disease.Such injury following endoscopic therapy is even rarer,and there are no universally accepted guidelines for its treatment.In this case report,we describe a gastric intramural hematoma which occurred within 6 h of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).Past medical history of this patient was negative,and laboratory examinations revealed normal coagulation profiles and platelet count.Following EMR,the patient experienced severe epigastric pain and vomited 150 mL of gastric contents which were bright red in color.Subsequent emergency endoscopy showed a 4 cm × 5 cm diverticulum-like defect in the anterior gastric antrum wall and a 4 cm × 8 cm intramural hematoma adjacent to the endoscopic submucosal dissection lesion.Following unsatisfactory temporary conservative management,the patient was treated surgically and made a complete recovery.Retrospectively,one possible reason for the patient's condition is that the arterioles in the submucosa or muscularis may have been damaged during deep and massive submucosal injection.Thus,endoscopists should be aware of this potential complication and improve the level of surgery,especially the skills required for submucosal injection.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of pain relief after infu-sion of ropivacaine at port sites at the end of surgery.METHODS:From October 2006 to September 2007,72 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) were randomized into two groups of 36 patients.One group received ropivacaine infusion at the port sites at the end of LC and the other received normal saline.A visual analog scale was used to assess postoperative pain when the patient awakened in the operating room,6 and 24 h after surgery,and before discharge.The amount of analgesics use was also recorded.The demographics,laboratory data,hospital stay,and perioperative complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:There was no difference between the two groups preoperatively in terms of demographic and lab-oratory data.After surgery,similar operation time,blood loss,and no postoperative morbidity and mortality were observed in the two groups.However,a significantly lower pain score was observed in the patients undergo-ing LC with local anesthesia infusion at 1 h after LC and at discharge.Regarding analgesic use,the amount of meperidine used 1 h after LC and the total used during admission were lower in patients undergoing LC with local anesthesia infusion.This group also had a shorter hospital stay.CONCLUSION:Local anesthesia with ropivacaine at the port site in LC patients signif icantly decreased post-operative pain immediately.This explains the lower meperidine use and earlier discharge for these patients.
