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宋代女性行旅风险问题续探 被引量:4
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作者 铁爱花 《浙江学刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2016年第4期39-50,共12页
宋代女性行旅过程中,除了可能遭遇被劫掠的风险外,还可能面临疾疫、孕产,以及舟船倾覆、涉水溺亡、猛兽侵袭、雷电袭击、火灾、旅费不足、被家人遗弃、拥挤踩踏、迷路、坠崖等其他各类自然、社会或人为等因素导致的风险。宋代遭遇疾疫... 宋代女性行旅过程中,除了可能遭遇被劫掠的风险外,还可能面临疾疫、孕产,以及舟船倾覆、涉水溺亡、猛兽侵袭、雷电袭击、火灾、旅费不足、被家人遗弃、拥挤踩踏、迷路、坠崖等其他各类自然、社会或人为等因素导致的风险。宋代遭遇疾疫风险的女性旅者身份繁杂,行旅事由多样,疾疫类型与治疗情况复杂。而孕产是女性独有的身体与生命体验,行旅中孕产也成为宋代女性可能遇到的特殊风险,给女性自身、孩子、家庭及社会可能带来不同程度的影响。在其他各类宋代女性行旅风险中,舟船倾覆、涉水溺亡较为突出,这与宋代水上交通发展、女性乘舟船行旅者较常见等因素有关。宋代女性行旅风险不仅具有明显的多样性,还具有一定的时代性、性别特殊性、阶层差异性等特征,涉及社会经济、政治、文化、交通、技术、环境等多种因素,也与社会性别秩序密切相关。 展开更多
关键词 宋代 女性行旅 疾疫风险 孕产风险 其他风险
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Metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: Preventable illness or common consequence? 被引量:3
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作者 Eric R Kallwitz 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第28期3627-3634,共8页
The metabolic syndrome is common after liver transplant being present in approximately half of recipients. It has been associated with adverse outcomes such as progression of hepatitis C and major vascular events. As ... The metabolic syndrome is common after liver transplant being present in approximately half of recipients. It has been associated with adverse outcomes such as progression of hepatitis C and major vascular events. As the United States population ages and the rate of obesity increases, prevention of the metabolic syndrome in the post-transplant population deserves special consideration. Currently, the metabolic syndrome after transplant appears at least two times more common than observed rates in the general population. Specific guidelines for patients after transplant does not exist, therefore prevention rests upon knowledge of risk factors and the presence of modifiable elements. The current article will focus on risk factors for the development of the metabolic syndrome after transplant, will highlight potentially modifiable factors and propose potential areas for intervention. As in the non-transplant population, behavioral choices might have a major role. Opportunities exist in this regard for health prevention studies incorporating lifestyle changes. Other factors such as the need for immunosuppression, and the changing characteristics of wait listed patients are not modifiable, but are important to know in order to identify persons at higher risk. Although immunosuppression after transplant is unavoidable, the contribution of different agents to the development of components of the metabolic syndrome is also discussed. Ultimately, an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome after transplant is likely unavoidable, however, there are many opportunities to reduce the prevalence. 展开更多
关键词 Liver transplantation Diabetes mellitus DYSLIPIDEMIAS HYPERTENSION Metabolic syndrome X Obesity HYPERTENSION IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
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