畜牧养殖中动物疾病病因及控防探讨

疾病是限制畜牧养殖业发展的重要因素,由于诱发动物疾病病因十分复杂,因此提高畜牧养殖场疾病控防工作具有十分重要的意义.本文就畜牧养殖中动物疾病病因及控防措施进行全面探讨和研究,希望推动我国畜牧养殖产业的长远稳定发展.

畜牧养殖的动物疾病病因及控防对策

随着我国经济的发展,人们对食物的要求越来越高,这也促进了我国畜牧养殖业的发展和前进,畜牧养殖业作为以后一种绿色产业也在一定程度上促进了我国的经济发展,不过在畜牧业的发展过程中也遇到了很多的问题,这些问题中最严重的就是我国的畜牧养殖动物的疾病问题,这些疾病不仅将阻碍了动物的成长,同时也不利于我国畜牧业的发展,同时通过食物链也影响到了人类的生命健康,这也是我们研究畜牧养殖动物疫病的原因。本文主要通过分析畜牧养殖中动物疾病的种类探讨其成因,最后分析其解决对策。

畜牧养殖的动物疾病病因及控防对策分析

现如今,我国的经济在快速发展,社会在不断进步,畜牧养殖动物疾病对畜牧产业、食品健康造成极大影响,通过病因防控疾病产生以及传播,是保障畜牧产业健康、提高畜牧业养殖效益关键。本文基于畜牧养殖动物疾病成因以及预防措施研究,分析每种疾病产生原因,并提出疾病防控方法,尽可能保障畜牧养殖健康,提高畜牧养殖效益。

养殖动物疾病病因及控防对策

在畜牧养殖过程中,动物疾病对畜牧产业及食品健康有非常大的影响,有效防控动物疾病是提高畜牧养殖业效益,保障产业健康发展的关键。本文主要对畜牧养殖动物病因进行分析,并提出动物疾病病因及防控的有效对策。

畜牧养殖的动物疾病病因及控防对策

随着经济快速发展,社会群众生活水平得到极大程度上的提高,对肉类的需求也在增加,这需要畜牧养殖业紧跟发展步伐,在扩大养殖规模的同时提高动物疾病防控工作质量。

畜牧养殖动物的饲养疫病防控措施

随着我国经济的发展,人们对食物的要求越来越高,这也促进了我国畜牧养殖业的发展,畜牧养殖业作为一种绿色产业,在一定程度上促进了我国的经济发展,但发展过程中也遇到了很多问题,这些问题不仅会阻碍动物成长,也不利于我国畜牧业的发展,这也是研究畜牧养殖动物发生疫病的决定因素。基于此,通过结合实践养殖经验,总结畜牧养殖动物发生疫病的种类探讨其成因,最后分析其解决对策。

Comparison of RFFIT Tests with Different Standard Sera and Testing Procedures

The World Health Organization （WHO） standard assay for determining antibody level is the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test （RFFIT） and is used to determine the degree of immunity after vaccination against rabies. To compare the difference in RFFIT results between the laboratories of The National Institute of Infectious Disease in Japan （NIID） and the Chinese Centre for Disease Control （CCDC） as well the influence of the choice of standard serum （STD） for the detection, the two laboratories detection methods were simultaneously manipulated by RFFIT. The reference serums used in NIID and the WHO standard serum used in CCDC were compared in the same RFFIT detection to determine the titer of four sera samples C1, Sl, S2 and S4 in parallel, and the titers of the detected sera samples were calculated using the standard formula for neutralizing antibody titer. No significant difference was found in RFFIT methods from the two laboratories and the RFFIT testing procedures of the two laboratories have good consistency. However, different titers were obtained with the tentative internal standard serum （TI-STD） produced by adjusting to 2.0 IU of WHO standard serum in NIID and the WHO STD. The titer determined with the TI-STD was higher than that determined with WHO STD, This difference appears to be significant and requires further investigation

False Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test Results Associated with Rheumatoid Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective To investigate if immunological factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) affect the result of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) screening by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Methods 100 RA cases were enrolled from January 2012 to February 2013 into this study. HIV screening was conducted with ECLIA detecting both HIV-1 p24 antigen, HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, with ELISA and colloidal gold method detecting HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. The samples producing positive results were submitted to the Center for Disease Control for confirmation using Western blotting method. The antibody titers of rheumatoid factors(RF) including RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG were analyzed by ELISA. Results The HIV positive-rate determined by ECLIA was significantly higher than that by ELISA and colloidal gold method(P<0.01). The false-positive rate of HIV screening was associated with antibody titers of RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG in RA(P<0.01). Conclusion Immunological factors, including RF and anti-CCP antibody, may influence the screening of HIV by ECLIA, producing false-positive result.

Time Series Models for Short Term Prediction of the Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis in Xianyang City, P R China

Objective To construct a model of Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average （SARIMA） for forecasting the epidemic of Japanese encephalitis （JE） in Xianyang, Shaanxi, China, and provide valuable reference information for JE control and prevention. Methods Theoretically epidemiologic study was employed in the research process. Monthly incidence data on JE for the period from Jan 2005 to Sep 2014 were obtained from a passive surveillance system at the Center for Diseases Prevention and Control in Xianyang, Shaanxi province. An optimal SARIMA model was developed for JE incidence from 2005 to 2013 with the Box and Jenkins approach. This SARIMA model could predict JE incidence for the year 2014 and 2015. Results SARIMA （1, 1, 1） （2, 1, 1）12 was considered to be the best model with the lowest Bayesian information criterion, Akaike information criterion, Mean Absolute Error values, the highest R2, and a lower Mean Absolute Percent Error. SARIMA （1, 1, 1） （2, 1, 1）12 was stationary and accurate for predicting JE incidence in Xianyang. The predicted incidence, around 0.3/100 000 from June to August in 2014 with low errors, was higher compared with the actual incidence. Therefore, SARIMA （1, 1, 1） （2, 1, 1）12 appeared to be reliable and accurate and could be applied to incidence prediction. Conclusions The proposed prediction model could provide clues to early identification of the JE incidence that is increased abnormally （≥0.4/100 000）. According to the predicted results in 2014, the JE incidence in Xianyang will decline slightly and reach its peak from June to August.The authors wish to thank the staff from the CDCs from 13 counties of Xianyang, Shaanxi province, China, for their contribution to Japanese encephalitis cases reporting.

Optimizing the Synthesis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether in Continuous Catalytic Distillation Column Using New Ion Exchange Resin Catalyst

Liquid phase synthesis of one of the important fuel oxygenate, ethyl tert-butyl ether （ETBE）, from etha-nol and tert-butyl alcohol （TBA） has been studied in catalytic distillation column （CDC） using ion exchange resin catalyst CT-145H. A packed CDC of 1.2 m height and 50 mm diameter with indigenously developed reactive sec-tion packing was used to generate experimental data. Effect of different key variables on product purity in distillate, was investigated to find the optimum operating conditions for ETBE synthesis. The optimum conditions for 0.2 kg·s-1 of ethanol feed were found：reboiler duty of 375 W, molar feed ratio of 1︰1.3 of reactants, and reflux ratio of 7. Concentration profiles for each component along each column section at optimum conditions were also drawn. Neither output nor input multiplicity was observed at experimental conditions.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Enzymatic Catalysis Process

Biodiesel is an excellent option for reducing dependence on fossil fuels with environmental advantages by reducing hazardous emissions. The enzymatic transesterification has attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade and the advantages of enzymatic catalysis show that the production of biodiesel by this route has good potential, mainly because it is friendly environment. For biodiesel, production process by enzyme catalysis is chosen the response surface methodology. It is an experimental strategy to find the best operating conditions oftransesterification reaction to improve the biodiesel quality. The Process has three variables： temperature, molar ratio oil-alcohol and catalyst quantity. The process was monitored by GC-FID （gas chromatography with flame ionization detector）. The yield of the transesterification reaction by enzymatic catalysis decreases with increasing temperature, and may be due to inactivation of the enzyme by denaturation at temperatures above 50 ℃. The second-order design used was the ＂CDC （central design composition）＂ which produced a maximum yield of 95.5% in the transesterification reaction by enzymatic catalysis obtained at a temperature of 45 ℃, molar ratio methanol：oil of 8：1 and a catalyst loading of 8% wt.

Political Implications of Emergency Management

This paper will review three broad types of political implications of emergency management, since historically emergency management was considered only a function of law enforcement and fire departments, with the support in the event of a major catastrophe from public health and civil defense organizations. The issue is not whether governments will be required to respond to emergencies but rather when and how frequently. The time to think about emergencies is before they happen. Despite some significant weakness in the overall approach, political implications offer many benefits and provide various options for CDCs （community development corporations） to get involved in disaster recovery and emergency management. Based upon a generally positive evaluation, the paper concludes that emergency management must become a central activity, whether at the federal, state, or local or as an intergovernmental activity. Hopefully for the future the government does not have to wait for a disaster to strike for one to put a policy into place, since they have had several to occur over decades. The government should be ready to take on any disaster if it occurs with the following policies and procedures that are in place.

The Analysis on social determinants of health of the floating population

Health literacy refers to the individual obtaining and understanding and dealing with the basic health information and/or services and the ability of use the information and services to make good health decisions.At present, research works related to health literacy in our country are in the initial stage, the information of floating population health literacy is blank, the Chinese Health Education Center （formerly the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Center Health Education） Ministry of Social welfare studies undertaken special ＂Chinese public health Literacy survey and evaluation System ＂to develop a suitable evaluation index system of health literacy of the public, used for evaluation of our country＇ s public health literacy level. October to December 2007, the Chinese health education center of this set of evaluation index in Jinan Shandong province examines the health literacy status of floating population, analysis the influence factors of health literacy of the floating population, for the national macroeconomic regulation and control of the floating population, the rational allocation of health resources, determine priority health work, and provide evidence for health related policies and regulations of the floating population.

Dielectric Properties of Colossal Permittivity Materials： An Update

During the last 10 years, a lot of interests have been devoted to the so-called CDC （colossal dielectric constant） materials. The first materials exhibiting this behavior were the perovskite-based ceramics on the CCTO （CaCuaTi4012） composition. Relative dielectric permittivity can attain values up to （or even larger than） 105. Nevertheless, their dielectric losses are too high, the lower values ranging 10%, in a narrow frequency range, thus limiting their applications. The underlying physical mechanisms at the origin of the CDC are still under study. The analysis of broadband impedance spectroscopy measurements leads most of the authors to propose an interracial polarization mechanism （at the electrodes or at internal barriers）, there is a limited number of complementary electrical characterization techniques, which, up to now, comfort the proposed interracial polarization mechanisms. In the present work, I-V and time-domain polarization are used to characterize these materials. One of the main results is the observation of a non-symmetrical response of these materials related to the direction of the polarization. These results are observed for both macroscopic level on bulk polycrystalline material and within individual grains of the same samples. These results do not fit current accepted models for polarization for CDC materials.

BED-CEIA估计HIV-1新近感染率的有效性及其影响因素的评价

在艾滋病流行病学研究中,衡量艾滋病流行趋势最常用的指标是HIV累积感染率和新近感染率.与累积感染率相比,新近感染率对艾滋病流行趋势预测、干预效果评价以及防制策略的制定等能提供更直接的信息.在获取新近感染率的方法中,除了经典的流行病学队列随访方法,目前普遍使用的血清学方法之一是IgG捕获BED酶联免疫法（BED-CEIA）.2001年,美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）艾滋病免疫和诊断室评估了16种基于不同抗体和原理的HIV-1新近感染检测方法,发现新近感染者与既往感染者相比,各种抗体滴度均较低;其中gp41抗体滴度在新近感染者和既往感染者中的差别最大,两者的滴度区间几乎没有重叠,新近感染者的gp41抗体亲和力低于既往感染者,从而认为gp41抗体能够区分新近感染者和既往感染者,并且酶联免疫实验操作相对简单、效果也较理想,因此该室着手开发基于gp41抗体的HIV-1新近感染检测的酶联免疫方法[1].