人类研究和动物实验阐述了"成人疾病胎儿起源"的发生机理以及宫内不良环境与成人后疾病的关联。不仅如此,大量的流行病学资料也证明,出生后发育可塑期同样有着"规划"的功能。学者们将慢性疾病程序化的敏感时期从宫...人类研究和动物实验阐述了"成人疾病胎儿起源"的发生机理以及宫内不良环境与成人后疾病的关联。不仅如此,大量的流行病学资料也证明,出生后发育可塑期同样有着"规划"的功能。学者们将慢性疾病程序化的敏感时期从宫内延续至婴儿期甚至儿童期,形成"健康和疾病的发育起源"(Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease)学说,其中心内容是(1)胎儿营养不良;(2)胎儿期较多暴露于皮质醇激素;(3)遗传易感性;(4)出生后的快速生长。虽然许多流行病学研究结果可以部分验证提出的假说,但仍不能完全清楚地阐明出生体重与成人后疾病关系的具体机理。展开更多
基于生活环境、健康和疾病在分子水平上密切相关的核心理念,健康和疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease,DOHaD)理论为健康与疾病间的关联研究提供了全新视角。该理论通过多学科、多领域的知识互通,追溯不同的...基于生活环境、健康和疾病在分子水平上密切相关的核心理念,健康和疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease,DOHaD)理论为健康与疾病间的关联研究提供了全新视角。该理论通过多学科、多领域的知识互通,追溯不同的生活经历如何影响生命全过程中的健康和疾病风险。成人期疾病的敏感窗口期不再局限于妊娠前和妊娠期,分娩期至成年早期也成为暴露因素发挥作用的重要时段。母源性/父源性因素、环境因素、新生儿出生状况、儿童期代谢情况等能够通过影响表观遗传、代谢和免疫调控、氧化应激等,改变发育程序并对子代远期健康产生正向或负向影响。因此,为实现健康促进,需要同步推进早期生命阶段预防、后期随访及健康干预的关口前移,以期有效降低成年期疾病风险,提升生命全周期健康水平。综述DOHaD领域最新研究进展对阐明人类发展早期阶段发生的不良事件影响健康和疾病模式及发现有效干预措施具有积极意义。展开更多
大量的临床流行病学[1-4]和动物实验[5-9]证实,在生命早期,包括受精卵、胚胎、婴儿乃至儿童期,所暴露的环境因素或健康事件,可能对生命远期的健康和疾病风险产生影响,这一学说被称为健康与疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of heal...大量的临床流行病学[1-4]和动物实验[5-9]证实,在生命早期,包括受精卵、胚胎、婴儿乃至儿童期,所暴露的环境因素或健康事件,可能对生命远期的健康和疾病风险产生影响,这一学说被称为健康与疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease,DOHaD)。展开更多
代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)及其相关疾病等一度被认为是成年期的疾病,最近在儿童和青少年中也有蔓延趋势。研究已经证实了低出生体重或宫内生长迟缓与MS及其相关疾病之间的联系,促发了"健康与疾病的发育起源(Developmental...代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)及其相关疾病等一度被认为是成年期的疾病,最近在儿童和青少年中也有蔓延趋势。研究已经证实了低出生体重或宫内生长迟缓与MS及其相关疾病之间的联系,促发了"健康与疾病的发育起源(Developmental Origins of Health and Disease,DOHaD)"学说的出现。其他不利环境暴露或刺激与胎儿、儿童和成年人健康之间的也已经证实。不利的环境因素可能会干扰细胞增殖回分化的过程或改变表观遗传重塑的模式,表观遗传修饰可"记录"围生期刺激,是生命早期程序化的机制之一。在生命早期从源头控制躯体或精神及健康的不利因素或危害,对消除儿童健康差异有重要意义。展开更多
Apart from alcohol,there are other factors that may induce complications,which resemble alcohol-related liver disorders.In particular,obesity has been brought into focus as a risk factor for fatty liver disease.The te...Apart from alcohol,there are other factors that may induce complications,which resemble alcohol-related liver disorders.In particular,obesity has been brought into focus as a risk factor for fatty liver disease.The term "non-alcoholic" fatty liver disease is commonly used to distinguish between obesity-related and alcohol-related hepatic steatosis.This review uses the epidemiological perspective to critically assess whether it is necessary and useful to differentiate between alcoholic and "nonalcoholic" fatty liver disease.The MEDLINE database was searched using the PubMed search engine,and a review of reference lists from original research and review articles was conducted.The concept to distinguish between alcoholic and "non-alcoholic" fatty liver disease is mainly based on specific pathomechanisms.This concept has,however,several limitations including the common overlap between alcohol misuse and obesityrelated metabolic disorders and the non-consideration of additional causal factors.Both entities share similar histopathological patterns.Studies demonstrating differences in clinical presentation and outcome are often biased by selection.Risk factor reduction is the main principle of prevention and treatment of both disease forms.In conclusion,alcoholic and "non-alcoholic" fatty liver diseases are one and the same disease caused by different risk factors.A shift from artificial categories to a more general approach to fatty liver disease as a multicausal disorder may optimize preventive strategies and help clinicians more effectively treat patients at the individual level.展开更多
文摘人类研究和动物实验阐述了"成人疾病胎儿起源"的发生机理以及宫内不良环境与成人后疾病的关联。不仅如此,大量的流行病学资料也证明,出生后发育可塑期同样有着"规划"的功能。学者们将慢性疾病程序化的敏感时期从宫内延续至婴儿期甚至儿童期,形成"健康和疾病的发育起源"(Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease)学说,其中心内容是(1)胎儿营养不良;(2)胎儿期较多暴露于皮质醇激素;(3)遗传易感性;(4)出生后的快速生长。虽然许多流行病学研究结果可以部分验证提出的假说,但仍不能完全清楚地阐明出生体重与成人后疾病关系的具体机理。
文摘基于生活环境、健康和疾病在分子水平上密切相关的核心理念,健康和疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease,DOHaD)理论为健康与疾病间的关联研究提供了全新视角。该理论通过多学科、多领域的知识互通,追溯不同的生活经历如何影响生命全过程中的健康和疾病风险。成人期疾病的敏感窗口期不再局限于妊娠前和妊娠期,分娩期至成年早期也成为暴露因素发挥作用的重要时段。母源性/父源性因素、环境因素、新生儿出生状况、儿童期代谢情况等能够通过影响表观遗传、代谢和免疫调控、氧化应激等,改变发育程序并对子代远期健康产生正向或负向影响。因此,为实现健康促进,需要同步推进早期生命阶段预防、后期随访及健康干预的关口前移,以期有效降低成年期疾病风险,提升生命全周期健康水平。综述DOHaD领域最新研究进展对阐明人类发展早期阶段发生的不良事件影响健康和疾病模式及发现有效干预措施具有积极意义。
文摘大量的临床流行病学[1-4]和动物实验[5-9]证实,在生命早期,包括受精卵、胚胎、婴儿乃至儿童期,所暴露的环境因素或健康事件,可能对生命远期的健康和疾病风险产生影响,这一学说被称为健康与疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease,DOHaD)。
文摘代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)及其相关疾病等一度被认为是成年期的疾病,最近在儿童和青少年中也有蔓延趋势。研究已经证实了低出生体重或宫内生长迟缓与MS及其相关疾病之间的联系,促发了"健康与疾病的发育起源(Developmental Origins of Health and Disease,DOHaD)"学说的出现。其他不利环境暴露或刺激与胎儿、儿童和成年人健康之间的也已经证实。不利的环境因素可能会干扰细胞增殖回分化的过程或改变表观遗传重塑的模式,表观遗传修饰可"记录"围生期刺激,是生命早期程序化的机制之一。在生命早期从源头控制躯体或精神及健康的不利因素或危害,对消除儿童健康差异有重要意义。
文摘Apart from alcohol,there are other factors that may induce complications,which resemble alcohol-related liver disorders.In particular,obesity has been brought into focus as a risk factor for fatty liver disease.The term "non-alcoholic" fatty liver disease is commonly used to distinguish between obesity-related and alcohol-related hepatic steatosis.This review uses the epidemiological perspective to critically assess whether it is necessary and useful to differentiate between alcoholic and "nonalcoholic" fatty liver disease.The MEDLINE database was searched using the PubMed search engine,and a review of reference lists from original research and review articles was conducted.The concept to distinguish between alcoholic and "non-alcoholic" fatty liver disease is mainly based on specific pathomechanisms.This concept has,however,several limitations including the common overlap between alcohol misuse and obesityrelated metabolic disorders and the non-consideration of additional causal factors.Both entities share similar histopathological patterns.Studies demonstrating differences in clinical presentation and outcome are often biased by selection.Risk factor reduction is the main principle of prevention and treatment of both disease forms.In conclusion,alcoholic and "non-alcoholic" fatty liver diseases are one and the same disease caused by different risk factors.A shift from artificial categories to a more general approach to fatty liver disease as a multicausal disorder may optimize preventive strategies and help clinicians more effectively treat patients at the individual level.
