Chronic diseases have become a focal point of public health worldwide with estimates of trillions of dollars in annual health care cost and causing more than 36 million deaths a year. Lifestyle factors such as physica...Chronic diseases have become a focal point of public health worldwide with estimates of trillions of dollars in annual health care cost and causing more than 36 million deaths a year. Lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity are heavily correlated with the development of many chronic diseases. New strategies for primary and secondary disease prevention are desperately needed to aid in blunting the negative economic and social impact of these diseases. Physical activity （PA） and exercise are now considered principal interventions for use in primary and secondary prevention of chronic diseases. Currently, more emphasis in primary prevention of disease is necessary to reduce disease risk in youth and adults; however with chronic disease prevalence so high, similar emphasis is also necessary for secondary prevention in those children and adults already inflicted with chronic diseases. Conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer are drastically improved when PA and exercise are part of a medical management plan. In addition, the national PA guidelines in conjunction with PA promotion tools like Exercise is MedicineTM are needed to promote increased PA and exercise levels worldwide.展开更多
Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain （AOSC）, a D-mannuronic acid oligosaccharide, derived from brownalgaepolysaccharide, has been completed Phase I clinical trial in China as an anti-Alzheimer＇s Disease （AD） drug c...Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain （AOSC）, a D-mannuronic acid oligosaccharide, derived from brownalgaepolysaccharide, has been completed Phase I clinical trial in China as an anti-Alzheimer＇s Disease （AD） drug candidate. The identification of AOSC-binding protein（s） in neurons is very important for understanding its action mechanism. To determine the binding protein（s） of AOSC in neurons mediating its anti-AD activities, confocal microscopy, affinity chromatography, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis were used. Confocal microscopy analysis shows that AOSC binds to SH-SY5Y cells in concentration-, time-, and temperature-dependent fashions. The AOSC binding proteins were purified by affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that there are 349 proteins binding AOSC, including clathrin, adaptor protein-2 （AP-2） and amyloid precursor protein （APP）. These results suggest that the binding/entrance of AOSC to neurons is probably responsible for anti-AD activities.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effects of environmental factors and microRNAs （miRNAs） （miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145） on the risk of coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods A frequency-matched case-control study （450...Objective To evaluate the effects of environmental factors and microRNAs （miRNAs） （miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145） on the risk of coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods A frequency-matched case-control study （450 patients, 450 controls） was conducted from April 2014 to December 2016 in Fuzhou City, China. Environmental factors were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire, and the expression levels of miR-126, rniR-143, and miR-145 were determined by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） in pe- ripheral blood mononuclear cells. Unconditional logistic regression models were used for statistical evaluation. Results Alcohol consumption, high-salt diets, high-intensity work, and lack of physical activity were significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. MiR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 were highly expressed in the CHD group compared with the control group. After adjustment for other environmental factors, unconditional logistic regression results revealed that miR-126, miR-143, and depression were the independent risk factors of CHD, and light diet was the independent protective factor of CHD. Conclusions Our data suggest that a family history of CHD, anxiety, and alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. Furthermore, miR-126 and miR-143 in combination with several risk factors, could play a joint role in the development of CHD. Therefore, it is necessary to manage patients with CHD in all directions and multiple level.展开更多
Objective: To confirm whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) are present in reproductive tract of STD patients inChina. Methods: Application of nested PCR (nPCR) and DNAsequencing to test samples of urethral/vaginal swabs...Objective: To confirm whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) are present in reproductive tract of STD patients inChina. Methods: Application of nested PCR (nPCR) and DNAsequencing to test samples of urethral/vaginal swabs withMP culture confirmation of several nPCR positive patients. Results: 74 of 786 STD patients were positive for MP bynPCR, with a rate of 9.4%. of the 484 male patients, 10.5%were positive, and among the 302 female patients, 7.6%were positive. There was no significant difference betweenthem (P<0.05). of 12 cases of MP positive samples by nPCR,4 cases were first generation culture-positive, and one ofthem passed to the next generation successfully. DNAsequencing was performed on the nPCR product of oneswab sample and one MP culture isolation. The determinedsequence was identical to the typical MP strain. Conclusion: In China, MP are present in reproductivetract of both male and female STD patients.展开更多
To study the role of natural killer (NK) cells in T cell recruitment in murine liver infected with virus, mice were intravenously injected daily with anti-NK1.1 + antibody to deplete NK cells. Lymphocytes in the liver...To study the role of natural killer (NK) cells in T cell recruitment in murine liver infected with virus, mice were intravenously injected daily with anti-NK1.1 + antibody to deplete NK cells. Lymphocytes in the liver tissue of mice infected with type 5 adenovirus depleted in the E1 and E3 regions were assessed by fluorometric activated cell sorting (FACS). Expression of chemokine IP-10 and its receptor CXCR3 mRNA in the liver, hepatic lymphocytes and spleen tissue were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured as an indicator of liver injury. It was found that infection of adenovirus and anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (mAb) into mice caused liver injury and high expression of interferon-γ inducible protein-10 (IP-10) mRNA in the liver. Anti-NK1.1 + mAb, which was intraperitoneally injected into the mice infected with adenovirus, suppresses T cell recruitment and expression of IP-10 mRNA in the liver. Slighter liver injury was also observed. After virus infection, expression of CXCR3 mRNA in spleen and liver tissue was observed at different time. The results suggested that T cell recruitment was initiated by NK cell dependent chemokine IP-10, which induced activated T cells priming in the spleen to the liver of the mouse. NK cells played a key role in T cell recruitment in the liver of mouse infected with adenovirus.展开更多
For a long time Kenya has desired to access lucrative export markets for her livestock products. Although this desire matches the growing global demand for livestock products and increasing interest in livestock produ...For a long time Kenya has desired to access lucrative export markets for her livestock products. Although this desire matches the growing global demand for livestock products and increasing interest in livestock products from Kenya by livestock deficient countries, Kenya has not been able to meet the expressed demand. The reasons for this failure have not been sufficiently documented. This study used the value chain approach to assess and document the factors that limit Kenya＇s export trade in livestock. Questionnaire interviews were undertaken with livestock producers, traders, processors and importers. Producers cited livestock diseases, poor roads, drought, livestock theft and insecurity as the main constraints to livestock supply. Livestock traders mentioned high cost and delays in obtaining movement permits, rent-seeking and disturbance by government officials along the stock routes as some of the constraints. Processors on the other hand mentioned Kenya＇s failure to meet the international sanitary requirements. The only importer interviewed indicated that trade restrictions, Kenya＇s inability to control livestock diseases and distance were the main constraints to increased livestock trade with Kenya. Stakeholders in Kenya＇s livestock export value chain should address these and other constraints in order to revitalize this vital sector.展开更多
Objectives: To evaluate the Vidas Chlamydia (CHL) assayfor detecting C.Trachomatis with swabs and first catch urine(FCU) specimens from STD patients and high riskpopulations. Methods: A total of 383 pahents were teste...Objectives: To evaluate the Vidas Chlamydia (CHL) assayfor detecting C.Trachomatis with swabs and first catch urine(FCU) specimens from STD patients and high riskpopulations. Methods: A total of 383 pahents were tested with tissueculture (TC), Vidas CHL and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)for C.trachomatis on male and female swabs, with Vidas CHLtesting male FCU specimens. CHL positive and equivocalresults were confirmed with a blocking assay (CHB). Truepositive were defined as either TC positive, or TC negtive butCHL and PCR positive. The performance of TC, CHL andPCR were evaluated according to this expanded goldstandard. Results: Compared with the expanded gold standard, 54 ofthe 232 male specimens were true positive results. For maleswabs, TC, CHL and PCR had sensitivities of 90.7%, 96.3%and 94.4%, and specificities of 100%, 98.3% and 97.2%,respectively. Differences were not statistically significant. Formale FCU specimens, CHL sensitivity and specificity were83.3% and 98.3%; there was little difference between theseresults and that of matched swabs. Compared with theexpanded gold standard, 28 of the 151 female swabs were truepositive; TC, CHL and PCR had sensitivities of 82.1%, 100%and 96.4%, and specificities of 100%, 98.4% and 97.6%,respectively. The difference was also not significant. Conclusions: Vidas CHL assay is very scnsitive and specificfor C.trachomatis detection with swab specimens of male andfemale STD patients. For male FCU specimens, the assay alsohad high sensitivity and specificity. CHB may not be needed inthe routine detection or Chlamydia infections. Populationswith higher incidence of C.trachomatis infection.展开更多
文摘Chronic diseases have become a focal point of public health worldwide with estimates of trillions of dollars in annual health care cost and causing more than 36 million deaths a year. Lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity are heavily correlated with the development of many chronic diseases. New strategies for primary and secondary disease prevention are desperately needed to aid in blunting the negative economic and social impact of these diseases. Physical activity （PA） and exercise are now considered principal interventions for use in primary and secondary prevention of chronic diseases. Currently, more emphasis in primary prevention of disease is necessary to reduce disease risk in youth and adults; however with chronic disease prevalence so high, similar emphasis is also necessary for secondary prevention in those children and adults already inflicted with chronic diseases. Conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer are drastically improved when PA and exercise are part of a medical management plan. In addition, the national PA guidelines in conjunction with PA promotion tools like Exercise is MedicineTM are needed to promote increased PA and exercise levels worldwide.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No.2003CB716400)Natural Science Foundation of China for Distingutshed Young Scholars (No.30725046)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30472029,No.30772612)Chinese High technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program) (No.2006AA090501)
文摘Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain （AOSC）, a D-mannuronic acid oligosaccharide, derived from brownalgaepolysaccharide, has been completed Phase I clinical trial in China as an anti-Alzheimer＇s Disease （AD） drug candidate. The identification of AOSC-binding protein（s） in neurons is very important for understanding its action mechanism. To determine the binding protein（s） of AOSC in neurons mediating its anti-AD activities, confocal microscopy, affinity chromatography, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis were used. Confocal microscopy analysis shows that AOSC binds to SH-SY5Y cells in concentration-, time-, and temperature-dependent fashions. The AOSC binding proteins were purified by affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that there are 349 proteins binding AOSC, including clathrin, adaptor protein-2 （AP-2） and amyloid precursor protein （APP）. These results suggest that the binding/entrance of AOSC to neurons is probably responsible for anti-AD activities.
文摘Objective To evaluate the effects of environmental factors and microRNAs （miRNAs） （miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145） on the risk of coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods A frequency-matched case-control study （450 patients, 450 controls） was conducted from April 2014 to December 2016 in Fuzhou City, China. Environmental factors were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire, and the expression levels of miR-126, rniR-143, and miR-145 were determined by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） in pe- ripheral blood mononuclear cells. Unconditional logistic regression models were used for statistical evaluation. Results Alcohol consumption, high-salt diets, high-intensity work, and lack of physical activity were significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. MiR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 were highly expressed in the CHD group compared with the control group. After adjustment for other environmental factors, unconditional logistic regression results revealed that miR-126, miR-143, and depression were the independent risk factors of CHD, and light diet was the independent protective factor of CHD. Conclusions Our data suggest that a family history of CHD, anxiety, and alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. Furthermore, miR-126 and miR-143 in combination with several risk factors, could play a joint role in the development of CHD. Therefore, it is necessary to manage patients with CHD in all directions and multiple level.
文摘Objective: To confirm whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) are present in reproductive tract of STD patients inChina. Methods: Application of nested PCR (nPCR) and DNAsequencing to test samples of urethral/vaginal swabs withMP culture confirmation of several nPCR positive patients. Results: 74 of 786 STD patients were positive for MP bynPCR, with a rate of 9.4%. of the 484 male patients, 10.5%were positive, and among the 302 female patients, 7.6%were positive. There was no significant difference betweenthem (P<0.05). of 12 cases of MP positive samples by nPCR,4 cases were first generation culture-positive, and one ofthem passed to the next generation successfully. DNAsequencing was performed on the nPCR product of oneswab sample and one MP culture isolation. The determinedsequence was identical to the typical MP strain. Conclusion: In China, MP are present in reproductivetract of both male and female STD patients.
文摘To study the role of natural killer (NK) cells in T cell recruitment in murine liver infected with virus, mice were intravenously injected daily with anti-NK1.1 + antibody to deplete NK cells. Lymphocytes in the liver tissue of mice infected with type 5 adenovirus depleted in the E1 and E3 regions were assessed by fluorometric activated cell sorting (FACS). Expression of chemokine IP-10 and its receptor CXCR3 mRNA in the liver, hepatic lymphocytes and spleen tissue were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured as an indicator of liver injury. It was found that infection of adenovirus and anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (mAb) into mice caused liver injury and high expression of interferon-γ inducible protein-10 (IP-10) mRNA in the liver. Anti-NK1.1 + mAb, which was intraperitoneally injected into the mice infected with adenovirus, suppresses T cell recruitment and expression of IP-10 mRNA in the liver. Slighter liver injury was also observed. After virus infection, expression of CXCR3 mRNA in spleen and liver tissue was observed at different time. The results suggested that T cell recruitment was initiated by NK cell dependent chemokine IP-10, which induced activated T cells priming in the spleen to the liver of the mouse. NK cells played a key role in T cell recruitment in the liver of mouse infected with adenovirus.
文摘For a long time Kenya has desired to access lucrative export markets for her livestock products. Although this desire matches the growing global demand for livestock products and increasing interest in livestock products from Kenya by livestock deficient countries, Kenya has not been able to meet the expressed demand. The reasons for this failure have not been sufficiently documented. This study used the value chain approach to assess and document the factors that limit Kenya＇s export trade in livestock. Questionnaire interviews were undertaken with livestock producers, traders, processors and importers. Producers cited livestock diseases, poor roads, drought, livestock theft and insecurity as the main constraints to livestock supply. Livestock traders mentioned high cost and delays in obtaining movement permits, rent-seeking and disturbance by government officials along the stock routes as some of the constraints. Processors on the other hand mentioned Kenya＇s failure to meet the international sanitary requirements. The only importer interviewed indicated that trade restrictions, Kenya＇s inability to control livestock diseases and distance were the main constraints to increased livestock trade with Kenya. Stakeholders in Kenya＇s livestock export value chain should address these and other constraints in order to revitalize this vital sector.
文摘Objectives: To evaluate the Vidas Chlamydia (CHL) assayfor detecting C.Trachomatis with swabs and first catch urine(FCU) specimens from STD patients and high riskpopulations. Methods: A total of 383 pahents were tested with tissueculture (TC), Vidas CHL and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)for C.trachomatis on male and female swabs, with Vidas CHLtesting male FCU specimens. CHL positive and equivocalresults were confirmed with a blocking assay (CHB). Truepositive were defined as either TC positive, or TC negtive butCHL and PCR positive. The performance of TC, CHL andPCR were evaluated according to this expanded goldstandard. Results: Compared with the expanded gold standard, 54 ofthe 232 male specimens were true positive results. For maleswabs, TC, CHL and PCR had sensitivities of 90.7%, 96.3%and 94.4%, and specificities of 100%, 98.3% and 97.2%,respectively. Differences were not statistically significant. Formale FCU specimens, CHL sensitivity and specificity were83.3% and 98.3%; there was little difference between theseresults and that of matched swabs. Compared with theexpanded gold standard, 28 of the 151 female swabs were truepositive; TC, CHL and PCR had sensitivities of 82.1%, 100%and 96.4%, and specificities of 100%, 98.4% and 97.6%,respectively. The difference was also not significant. Conclusions: Vidas CHL assay is very scnsitive and specificfor C.trachomatis detection with swab specimens of male andfemale STD patients. For male FCU specimens, the assay alsohad high sensitivity and specificity. CHB may not be needed inthe routine detection or Chlamydia infections. Populationswith higher incidence of C.trachomatis infection.
