自制纸尿裤冰袋在医养结合病区高热患者中的应用

目的:探讨自制纸尿裤冰袋在医养结合病区高热患者中的应用效果。方法:将118例感染伴高热患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组60例和对照组58例,研究组使用自制纸尿裤冰袋降温,对照组使用常规冰袋降温;比较两组冰袋在使用中的降温持续时间、冰袋移位、冻伤、医疗器械压力性损伤情况。结果:研究组降温效果优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),且发生冰袋移位、医疗器械压力性损伤及冻伤均少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:自制纸尿裤冰袋在医养结合病区高热患者中的应用,降温效果优于常规冰袋。

“养病”类词语的认知理解

汉语中有一类特殊表达,如“养病”“救火”“帮忙”“恢复疲劳”“打扫卫生”等。“养”“病”搭配,从字面上看,似乎是助长病情加重,而实际意义却相反。从心理认知的角度分析,可以发现,人们一般是以内心的期望为标准来理解词语的。正如“养病”在现代汉语中的含义涵盖了消除疾病和养好身体两个方面,却不必说成“养身除病”,而只说“养病”。由于“病”是人们不期望的情况,即便它前面搭配了“养”,所组成的词语含义也并非是助长这类不期望的结果。这些词语的实际含义不是字面含义的简单相加,而是往往与人们的内心期望保持一致。

冬病冬养健康宣教对慢性咳喘患者的影响

目的:探讨冬病冬养用于慢性咳喘患者健康教育中实施效果。方法对自愿入组且确诊为慢性咳喘的124例患者随机分为干预组和对照组各62例,干预组采用冬病冬养知识进行健康教育,对照组采用传统知识进行健康教育,应用ASA评分、健康知识问卷,治疗依从性问卷和疾病复发情况比较。结果干预组接受健康教育后,患者较对照组下降更显著(P<0.01),焦虑程度、呼吸功能锻炼正确率、健康知识的掌握、治疗依从性、疾病复发情况等方面均显著优于对照组(P均<0.05或0.01)。结论应用冬病冬养保健知识对慢性咳喘患者进行健康教育管理,能显著提高健康教育效果使患者主动参与治疗,改善其心理状态,降低医疗成本,巩固疗效有积极意义。

马王堆帛书《五十二病方》《养生方》校读拾遗

本文充分利用帛书的高清照片,对马王堆帛书《五十二病方》《养生方》的部分释文作了校订,并新缀、改缀了几处帛书残片。

散养户鸡病治疗中常见问题与解决

我国的养殖业发展与养殖技术以及相关先进设备的提升有直接联系。另一方面,随着相关政策和机制的不断完善,养殖业标准不断提升,养殖质量不断改善。其中养鸡作为最重要的养殖业之一,可以为养殖户带来较大的经济效益。但散养户鸡病在治疗过程中存在一定问题,需要及时进行解决。

散养户鸡病治疗中存在的问题与应对措施

该文以散养户鸡为主要研究对象,简单介绍了散养鸡产业发展现状,分析了散养户鸡病治疗中的常见问题,有针对性地提出了几点散养户鸡病治疗的整改措施。散养户鸡病治疗中的问题包括滥用药物、疗效误判、单纯用药、药量过大。在整改时需要预防为主、防治结合,同时及时治疗,把握最佳时机,实行科学用药、对症下药的方法,选择质量过关的饲料,并做好清洁消毒的工作。

浅谈根据工艺流程安排公路养护

本文介绍了依据交通量大小对路面病害形成及发展规律而编排的定期养护作业程序 。

通络养生八字经指导饮食养生

中华通络养生八字经是汲取儒、释、道、医四大流派的摄生精华,结合通络治未病思想提出的健康养生理论———通络、养精、动形、静神,对起居、饮食、运动等日常活动都具有现实指导意义。饮食对身体健康有着决定性作用,科学合理的膳食是维持身体健康的必要条件。本文主要从饮食有节、谨和五味、饮食适龄、慢病食养等方面论述养生八字经在饮食养生方面的应用,提高人们的食养意识,通过饮食养生起到维护健康,预防疾病的作用。

羊肝包虫病诊疗与有效防控举措

包虫病又称之为细粒棘球蚴病,主要寄生在牛、羊、猪及其他的各种组织、器官内。肝包虫病是寄生在肝脏比较常见的一种人畜共患寄生虫病,随着畜牧业发展,对羊肝包虫病的防治至关重要。文中简述该病的症状并提出防治措施。

姜树民从五脏论治脾胃疾病经验

姜树民教授认为脾胃疾病的病机为肝之不疏,横逆犯胃;心失所养,子母同病;肺气不畅,脾运失健;肾之不足,脾虚失养。姜教授认为五脏之气,皆绕于脾,治脾胃以安五脏,治五脏以调脾胃。姜教授在临证时,根据中医整体观念思想,灵活辨证遣方用药,均取效满意。

Effects of Medium Nutrients on Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f.sp

[Objective] To study the effects of different culture conditions on the Fusarium oxysporurn SchL f. sp. [Method] Based on species identification of the pathogenic organism of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp, effects of different cultures and different nutrients on the mycelial growth and conidial production of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp were studied. [Result] The mycelial growth and conidial pro- duction of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp was different under different culture con- ditions. PDA medium was the most suitable medium for the mycelial growth and had the highest conidial production; and the mycelial grew the fastest on the medium with maltose as carbon source or peptone as nitrogen source, which also had the highest conidial production. [Conclusion] This study provided experimental basis for the study of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp and also provided theoretical basis for the study and control of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp.

Overexpression of lentivirus-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in bone marrow stromal cells and its neuroprotection for the PC12 cells damaged by lactacystin

Objective To construct recombinant lentiviral vectors for gene delivery of the glial cell line-derived neurotropnic factor （GDNF）, and evaluate the neuroprotective effect of GDNF on lactacystin-damaged PC12 cells by transfecting it into bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs）. Methods pLenti6/V5-GDNF plasmid was set up by double restriction enzyme digestion and ligation, and then the plasmid was transformed into Top10 cells. Purified pLenti6/V5-GDNF plasmids from the positive clones and the packaging mixture were cotransfected to the 293FT packaging cell line by Lipofectamine2000 to produce lentivirus, then the concentrated virus was transduced to BMSCs. Overexpression of GDNF in BMSCs was tested by RT-PCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry, and its neuroprotection for lactacystin-damaged PC12 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Results Virus stock of GDNF was harvested with the titer of 5.6×10^5 TU/mL. After tmnsduction, GDNF-BMSCs successfully secreted GDNF to supematant with nigher concentration （800 pg/mL） than BMSCs did （less than 100 pg/mL）. The supematant of GDNF-BMSCs could significantly alleviate the damage of PC12 cells induced by lactacystin （10 μmol/L）. Conclusion Overexpression of lentivirus-mediated GDNF in the BMSCs cells can effectively protect PC12 cells from the injury by the proteasome inhibitor.

R-apomorphine protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal damage in rat

Objective The aim of the present study was not only to assess the retrograde degenerative changes in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra （SN） and ventral tegmental area （VTA） after injection of 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） into the striatum, but also to use this 6-OHDA model of Parkinson＇s disease to explore the possible neuroprotective effect of R-apomorphine （R-APt）. Methods The partial lesion was obtained by intrastriatal administration of 6-OHDA. R- APt administration （10 mg/kg, s.c.） started 15 min prior to lesioning and continued daily for another 22 days post surgery. Testing was carried out 5 weeks after lesioning. We investigated the histology and associated behavior and neurochemical changes. Structural and functional deficits were quantified by tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） / Nissl-staining cell number counting, striatal dopamine （DA） content determination and amphetamine-induced rotation analysis. Results R-APt- treatment attenuated the amphetamine-induced ipsiversive rotation 5 weeks after the lesion induction. R-APt administra- tion for 22 days significantly reduced the size of the lesion at the level of the SN from 50% （control group） to 69%. Moreover, the cell shape resembled that observed in the intact animals. R-APt treatment significantly increased the number of cells in both the lesion and the intact sides of VTA by 60%, suggesting selective neurotrophic effect of R-APt in this area. Finally, R-APt-treatment significantly attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced striatal DA depletion and normalized dihydroxyphenylacetic acid （DOPAC）/DA ratios. Conclusion We conclude that R-APt has neuroprotective and pos- sible neurotrophic effect on a striatal lesion with 6-OHDA, suggesting that this drug may have rescuing properties in patients with early stage Parkinson＇s disease. These effects are more pronounced in VTA and enhance with duration of treatment.

Study on Virus-free Culture and Rapid Propagation Technology of Xiangshu Series Varieties of Sweet Potato

[Objective] Sweet potato virus disease had a significant harm to the yield and quality of sweet potato, directly causing the degradation of sweet potato vari- eties and even the harvest failure. Therefore, the detection and removal of sweet potato virus and the establishment of rapid propagation method of sweet potato is of great significance to ensure the stable inheritance of excellent characters of sweet potato, prevent the spread of sweet potato virus and develop sweet potato industry. [Method] With Xiangshu series varieties of sweet potato, Xiangshu 15 and Xiangshu 19 as the research materials, a virus-free culture program was established for meristem tip apex tissue culture of different cultivars, and a rapid propagation method was developed for virus-free seedlings. [Result｜ On the basis of analysis on seedling emergence rate, the optimal addition scheme of plant hormones in the MS culture medium of Xiangshu 15 was 6-BA 3.0 mg/L ＋ NAA 1.0 mg/L, and the opti- mal plant hormone addition scheme for Xiangshu 19 was 6-BA 2.0 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.67 mg/L Under the developed rapid propagation system, the annual reproductive coefficient was up to 49 152, far higher than that （20 000） in field. IConclusionl Based on the actual production, combined with the meristem tip apex tissue culture, a comprehensive prevention and control measure was put forward, which included virus detection, early warning, removal and virus-free seedlings breeding, tt was of great strategic significance to improve the yield and quality of high-quality sweet potato and ensure the healthy development of sweet potato industry in China.

Nutritional support teams increase percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy uptake in motor neuron disease

AIM:To examine factors influencing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) uptake and outcomes in motor neuron disease(MND) in a tertiary care centre.METHODS:Case notes from all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MND who had attended the clinic at the Repatriation General Hospital between January 2007 and January 2011 and who had since died,were audited.Data were extracted for demographics(age and gender),disease characteristics(date of onset,bulbar or peripheral predominance,complications),date and nature of discussion of gastrostomy insertion,nutritional status [weight measurements,body mass index(BMI)],date of gastrostomy insertion and subsequent progress(duration of survival) and quality of life(QoL) [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R)].In addition,the type of clinician initiating the discussion regarding gastrostomy was recorded as Nutritional Support Team(involved in providing nutrition input viz Gastroenterologist,Speech Pathologist,Dietitian) and other(involved in non-nutritional aspects of patient care).Factors affecting placement and outcomes including length of survival,change in weight and QoL were determined.RESULTS:Case records were available for all 86 patients(49 men,mean age at diagnosis 66.4 years).Thirty-eight patients had bulbar symptoms and 48 had peripheral disease as their presenting feature.Sixty-six patients reported dysphagia.Thirty-one patients had undergone gastrostomy insertion.The major indications for PEG placement were dysphagia and weight loss.Nine patients required immediate full feeding,whereas 17 patients initially used the gastrostomy to supplement oral intake,4 for medication administration and 1 for hydration.Initially the PEG regime met 73% ± 31% of the estimated total energy requirements,increasing to 87% ± 32% prior to death.There was stabilization of weight in patients undergoing gastrostomy [BMI at 3 mo(22.6 ± 2.2 kg/m 2) and 6 mo(22.5 ± 2.0 kg/m 2) after PEG placement compared to weight at the time of the procedure(22.5 ± 3.0 kg/m 2)].However,weight loss recurred in the terminal stages of the illness.There was a strong trend for longer survival from diagnosis among MND in PEG recipients with limb onset presentation compared to similar patients who did not undergo the procedure(P = 0.063).Initial discussions regarding PEG insertion occurred earlier after diagnosis when seen by nutrition support team(NST) clinicians compared to other clinicians.(5.4 ± 7.0 mo vs 11.9 ± 13.4 mo,P = 0.028).There was a significant increase in PEG uptake(56% vs 24%,P = 0.011) if PEG discussions were initiated by the NST staff compared to other clinicians.There was no change in the ALSFRS-R score in patients who underwent PEG(pre 34.1 ± 8.6 vs post 34.8 ± 7.4),although in non-PEG recipients there was a nonsignificant fall in this score(33.7 ± 7.9 vs 31.6 ± 8.8).Four patients died within one month of the procedure,4 developed bacterial site infection requiring antibiotics and 1 required endoscopic therapy for gastric bleeding.Less serious complications attributed to the procedure included persistent gastrostomy site discomfort,poor appetite,altered bowel function and bloating.CONCLUSION:Initial discussion with NST clinicians increases PEG uptake in MND.Gastrostomy stabilizes patient weight but weight loss recurs with advancing disease.

Importance of nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） results from the interaction between an individual＇s immune response and precipitant environmental factors, which generatean anomalous chronic inflammatory response in thosewho are genetically predisposed. Various feeding practices have been implicated in the origin of IBD based on epidemiological observations in developed countries, but we do not have solid evidence for the etiological role played by specific food types. IBD is associated with frequent nutritional deficiencies, thepattern and severity of which depends on the extent,duration and activity of the inflammation. Nutritional support allows these deficiencies in calories, macro and micronutrients to be rectified. Enteral nutrition is also aprimary therapy for IBD, especially for Crohn＇s disease,as it allows the inflammatory activity to be controlled,kept in remission, and Drevents or delays the need forsurgery. Nutritional support is especially important in childhood IBD as an alternative to pharmacological treatment. This report discusses the complex relationship between diet and IBD.

Proximal gastric response to small intestinal nutrients is abnormal in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients

AIM： To determine the response of the proxima stomach to small intestinal nutrients in critically ill patients. METHODS： Proximal gastric motility was measured in 13 critically ill patients （49.3 ± 4.7 years） and 12 healthy volunteers （27.7 ± 2.9 years） using a barostat technique. Recordings were performed at baseline, during a 60-rain intra-duodenal infusion of Ensure^R （2 kcal/min）, and for 2 h following the infusion. Minimum distending pressure （MDP）, intra-bag volume and fundic wave activity were determined. RESULTS： The MDP was higher in patients （11.7 ± 1.1 vs 7.8 ± 0.7 mmHg; P 〈 0.01）. Baseline intrabag volumes were similar in the 2 groups. In healthy subjects, a ‘bimodal＇ proximal gastric volume response was observed. In patients, the initial increase in proximal gastric volume was small and delayed, but eventually reached a maximal volume similar to that of healthy subjects. In healthy subjects, the proximal gastric volume rapidly returned to baseline level after nutrient infusion （median 18 min）. In contrast, the recovery of volume to baseline was delayed in critically ill patients （median 106 min）. In 6 patients, the volume had not returned to baseline level 2 hours after nutrient infusion. In patients, fundic volume waves were less frequent （P 〈 0.05） and had lower amplitude （P 〈 0.001）, compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSION： In critical illness, proximal gastric motor responses to small intestinal nutrient stimulation are abnormal.

Antioxidant enriched enteral nutrition and oxidative stress after major gastrointestinal tract surgery

AIM: To investigate the effects of an enteral supple-ment containing antioxidants on circulating levels of antioxidants and indicators of oxidative stress after major gastrointestinal surgery.METHODS: Twenty-one patients undergoing major upper gastrointestinal tract surgery were randomised in a single centre, open label study on the effect of postoperative enteral nutrition supplementedwith antioxidants. The effect on circulating levels of antioxidants and indicators of oxidative stress, such as F2-isoprostane, was studied. RESULTS: The antioxidant enteral supplement showed no adverse effects and was well tolerated. After surgery a decrease in the circulating levels of antioxidant parameters was observed. Only selenium and glutamine levels were restored to pre-operative values one week after surgery. F2-isoprostane increased in the first three postoperative days only in the antioxidant supplemented group. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels decreased faster in the antioxidant group after surgery.CONCLUSION: Despite lower antioxidant levels there was no increase in the circulating markers of oxidative stress on the first day after major abdominal surgery. The rise in F2-isoprostane in patients receiving the antioxidant supplement may be related to the conversion of antioxidants to oxidants which raises questions on antioxidant supplementation. Module AOX restored the postoperative decrease in selenium levels. The rapid decrease in LBP levels in the antioxidant group suggests a possible protective effect on gut wall integrity. Further studies are needed on the role of oxidative stress on outcome and the use of antioxidants in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Nutrition and physical activity in NAFLD:An overview of the epidemiological evidence

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has been recognized as a major health burden.The high prevalence of NAFLD is probably due to the contemporary epidemics of obesity,unhealthy dietary pattern,and sedentary lifestyle.The efficacy and safety profile of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of NAFLD remains uncertain and obesity is strongly associated with hepatic steatosis;therefore,the first line of treatment is lifestyle modification.The usual management of NAFLD includes gradual weight reduction and increased physical activity(PA)leading to an improvement in serum liver enzymes,reduced hepatic fatty infiltration,and,in some cases,a reduced degree of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.Nutrition has been demonstrated to be associated with NAFLD and Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)in both animals and humans,and thus serves as a major route of prevention and treatment.However,most human studies are observational and retrospective,allowing limited inference about causal associations.Large prospective studies and clinical trials are now needed to establish a causal relationship.Based on available data,patients should optimally achieve a 5%-10%weight reduction.Setting realistic goals is essential for long-term successful lifestyle modification and more effort must be devoted to informing NAFLD patients of the health benefits of even a modest weight reduction.Furthermore,all NAFLD patients,whether obese or of normal weight,should be informed that a healthy diet has benefits beyond weight reduction.They should be advised to reduce saturated/trans fat and increase polyunsaturated fat,with special emphasize on omega-3 fatty acids.They should reduce added sugar to its minimum,try to avoid soft drinks containing sugar,including fruit juices that contain a lot of fructose,and increase their fiber intake.For the heavy meat eaters,especially those of red and processed meats,less meat and increased fish intake should be recommended.Minimizing fast food intake will also help maintain a healthy diet.PA should be integrated into behavioral therapy in NAFLD,as even small gains in PA and fitness may have significant health benefits.Potentially therapeutic dietary supplements are vitamin E and vitamin D,but both warrant further research.Unbalanced nutrition is not only strongly associated with NAFLD,but is also a risk factor that a large portion of the population is exposed to.Therefore,it is important to identify dietary patterns that will serve as modifiable risk factors for the prevention of NAFLD and its complications.