常见羊痢疾疾病的发生与预防

现阶段，养羊业已经成为社会主义新农村经济发展的支柱性产业，为解决”三农”问题起到了重大的作用。但是在养羊业的发展过程中，羊羔季节性死亡已经成为制约养羊产业发展中最为主要的风险，对整个产业以及养殖户带来了巨大的经济损失。因此如何运用现代兽医知识来防止羊疾病的发生以及治疗，将在很大程度上决定养羊产业的发展前景。本文就从羔羊的发病源、发病症状、以及治疗措施等方面做简单概述。

白羽肉鸡球虫病的诊断与防治

球虫病是集约化养鸡场常见的一种原虫病。其临床表现是体重减轻、贫血、血性腹泻、高发病率和高死亡率。我县某养鸡场饲养的白羽肉鸡发生此病,经流行病学调查、主要临床特点、剖检时病理变化、实验室涂片镜检观察,确诊为球虫病。本文将诊治情况报告如下,供参考。

浅析羔羊痢疾病的预防治疗

现阶段，畜牧业作为一大经济产业一直带动着我国农业经济发展。但同时影响养殖业发展的就是牲畜疾病。羔羊痢疾疾病是以剧烈腹泻、小肠溃烂和大量死亡为特征的新生羔羊的急性毒血症，这一病症对养殖户造成严重的经济损失。羔羊痢疾是一种急性传染病，确诊后应立即隔离病羊并采取治疗措施。本文就从羔羊的发病源、发病症状、以及治疗措施等方面做简单概述。

浅析牛焦虫病

目前,随着我国畜牧业养殖的发展.畜牧业在农业产业里占有很大的比重,并且其发展取得了优异的成绩,畜牧业生产规模不断扩大促进了经济的飞速发展.但是在养殖业发展中,牲畜疾病成为养殖业最大难题.在养殖过程中,牛焦虫病成为威胁养殖场的一大疾病.本文就从牛焦虫病的发病原因及发病后的应对措施做简要分析概述.

牛结核病的防治措施

目前,随着我国经济的飞速发展,畜牧业生产规模不断扩大。但是在养殖业发展中,牲畜疾病成为阻碍养殖效益提升的最大难题,其中牛结核病就是威胁牛养殖的一大疾病。本文对牛结核病的发病原因及发病后的治疗措施进行了概述。

新生犊牛低镁血症的治疗与预防初探

在肉牛生产过程中会出现新生犊牛低镁血症症状,虽然这种病症发病率并不高但一旦发生就会导致犊牛病发病急、快速死亡,死亡率相当之高.为此养殖户应该经常观察牛群,及早发现疑似病发犊牛,做到正确诊断并加以及时治疗.本文结合新生犊牛低镁血症病因与病发症状、诊断与治疗方法展开论述,初探其治疗与预防措施的重要价值.

Efficacy of long term cyclic administration of the poorly absorbed antibiotic Rifaximin in symptomatic,uncomplicated colonic diverticular disease

AIM： To comparatively evaluate the long term efficacy of Rifaximin and dietary fibers in reducing symptoms and/or complication frequency in symptomatic, uncomplicated diverticular disease,METHODS： 307 patients （118 males, 189 females, age range： 40-80 years） were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to： Rifaximin （400 mg bid for 7 d every month） plus dietary fiber supplementation （at least 20 gr/d） or dietary fiber supplementation alone. The study duration was 24 mo; both clinical examination and symptoms＇ questionnaire were performed every two months. RESULTS： Both treatments reduced symptom frequency, but Rifaximin at a greater extent, when compared to basal values. Symptomatic score declined during both treatments, but a greater reduction was evident in the Rifaximin group （6.4±2.8 and 6.2 ± 2.6 at enrollment, P = NS, 1.0 ±0.7 and 2.4±1.7 after 24 mo, P 〈 0.001, respectively）. Probability of symptom reduction was higher and complication frequency lower （Kaplan-Meyer method） in the Rifaximin group （P 〈 0.0001 and 0.028, respectively）.CONCLUSION： In patients with symptomatic, uncomplicated diverticular disease, cyclic administration of RJfaximin plus dietary fiber supplementation is more effective in reducing both symptom and complication frequency than simple dietary fiber supplementation.Long term administration of the poorly absorbed antibiotic Rifaximin is safe and well tolerated by the patients,confirming the usefulness of this therapeutic strategy in the overall management of diverticular disease.

Coronary collateral circulation： Effects on outcomes of acute anterior myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background To investigate the effects of collateral coronary circulation on the outcome of the patients with anterior myocardial infarction （MI） with left anterior desending artery occlusion abruptly. Methods Data of 189 patients with acute anterior MI who had a primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in the first 12 h from the onset of symptoms between January 2004 and December 2008 were retrospective analyzed. Left anterior descending arteries （LAD） of all patients were occluded. LADs were reopened with primary PCI. According to the collateral circulation, all patients were classified to two groups： no collateral group （n = 111）, patients without angiographic collateral filling of LAD or side branches （collateral index 0） and collateral group （n = 78）, and patients with angiographic collateral filling of LAD or side branches （collateral index 1, 2 or 3）. At one year＇ s follow-up, the occurrence of death, reinfarctlon, stent thrombosis （ST）, target vessel revascularization and readmission because of heart failure were observed. Results At one year, the mortality was lower in patients with collateral circulation compared with those without collateral circulation （1% vs. 8%, P = 0.049）, whereas there Were no differences in the occurrence of reinfarction, ST, target vessel revascularization and readmission because of heart failure. The occurrence of composite of endpoint was lower in patients with collateral circulation compared with those without collateral circulation （12% vs. 26%; P = 0.014）. Conclusions Pre-exist collateral circulation may prefigure the satisfactory prognosis to the patients with acute anterior MI after primary PCI in the first 12 h of MI onset.

Crohn’s and colitis in children and adolescents

Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis can be grouped as the inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD）. These conditions have become increasingly common in recent years, including in children and young people. Although much is known about aspects of the pathogenesis of these diseases, the precise aetiology is not yet understood, and there remains no cure. Recent data has illustrated the importance of a number of genes-several of these are important in the onset of IBD in early life, including in infancy. Pain, diarrhoea and weight loss are typical symptoms of paediatric Crohn＇s disease whereas bloody diarrhoea is more typical of colitis in children. However, atypical symptoms may occur in both conditions： these include isolated impairment of linear growth or presentation with extra-intestinal manifestations such as erythma nodosum. Growth and nutrition are commonly compromised at diagnosis in both Crohn＇s disease and colitis. Consideration of possible IBD and completion of appropriate investigations are essential to ensure prompt diagnosis, the- reby avoiding the consequences of diagnostic delay. Patterns of disease including location and progression of IBD in childhood differ substantially from adult- onset disease. Various treatment options are available for children and adolescents with IBD. Exclusive enteral nutrition plays a central role in the induction of remission of active Crohn＇s disease. Medical and surgical therapies need to considered within the context of a growing and developing child. The overall management of these chronic conditions in children should include multi-disciplinary expertise, with focus upon maintaining control of gut inflammation, optimising nutrition, growth and quality of life, whilst preventing disease or treatment-related complications.

Effect of 2-(8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl) propionic acid in combination with carboplatin on gastric carcinoma growth in vivo

AIM： To investigate the effects of 2-（8-hydroxy-6- methoxy-l-oxo-lH-2-benzopyran-3-yl） propionic acid （NM-3） alone and in combination with carboplatin on tumor growth and apoptosis in mouse models of human gastric cancer constructed by subcutaneous implantation of histologically intact tumor tissue. METHODS： Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 tissues were implanted into the dorsal subcutis of nude mice. One week after tumors reached to a volume of 50-100 mm3 for around 1 wk, these mice were randomly divided into 8 groups （n = 10）. NM-3 was injected peritoneally at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg every other day for 5 wk, combined with carboplatin （5 mg/kg） every third day for 4 wk. As controls of combined treatment, another 4 groups of mice were injected with either NM-3 at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg, or with carboplatin alone （5 mg/kg）. The control mice received normal saline. Tumor weight, tumor growth inhibition （TGI）, and intratumoral microvessel density （MVD） were evaluated. Apoptosis of human gastric cancer was detected by TUNEL method and flow o/tometry analysis, respectively. RESULTS： The mean tumor volume （692.40 ± 58.43 mm3, 548.30 ± 66.02 mm3, 382.13 ± 43.52 mm3） after treatment with carboplatin combined NM-3 at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg was lower than that after treatment with either NM-3 at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg or with carboplatin alone. Compared with the normal saline group, NM-3 administered at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg significantly reduced the tumor weight in these groups （P 〈 0.05）. Carboplatin used alone at 5 mg/kg showed minimal effects. But NM-3 in combination with carboplatin had greater effects of tumor weight than either NM-3 or carboplatin alone. NM-3 alone at the dose 10 mg/kg or in combination with carboplatin had no obvious effects on body changes. Two mice died of diarrhea in each of the two groups treated with 40 mg/kg NM-3 or with 40 mg/kg NM-3 in combination with carboplatin. A significant increase in apoptosis was observed in the NM-3 treated groups, and the effect was more significant in the groups treated with carboplatin in combination with NM-3 at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, than in the control group. The induction of apoptosis was positively associated with the dose of NM-3. NM-3 significantly reduced the neomicrovascular formation of gastric cancer. The MVD was lower in the groups treated with NM-3 or with NM-3 in combination with carboplatin than in the group treated with carboplatin or in the normal saline group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that the inhibitory effect of NM-3 on gastric cancer growth is mediated through decreased angiogenesis and the increased induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, NM-3 alone at the dose of 10 mg/kg or in combination with carboplatin has no obvious effects on body changes, indicating that NM-3 in combination with carboplatin may be effective in the treatment of gastric cancer. The toxicity of NM-3 needs further studies.

Depression, anxiety, and cardiac morbidity outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery： a contemporary and practical review

Research to date indicates that the number of coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery patients affected by depression （i.e., major, minor, dysthymia） approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstanding empirical interest on psychosocial factors in CABG surgery patients highlights an association with increased risk of morbidity in the short and longer term. Recent evidence suggests that both depression and anxiety increase the risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG surgery independent of medical factors, although the behavioral and biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Though neither depression nor anxiety seem to markedly affect neuropsy- chological dysfunction, depression confers a risk for incident delirium. Following a comprehensive overview of recent literature, practical advice is described for clinicians taking into consideration possible screening aids to improve recognition of anxiety and depression among CABG surgery patients. An overview of contemporary interventions and randomized, controlled trials are described, along with suggestions for future CABG surgery research.

Sensory exotropia subsequent to senile cataract

To evaluate the phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in patients with sensory exotropia subsequent to senile cataract. The authors prospectively studied the role of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation on 25 patients by observing visual acuity, ocular alignment, binocular vision and diplopia pre-, 1 month post- and 3 months post-operation. The patients underwent follow-up for three months. Postoperatively, one patient had a corrected visual acuity of 20/50, and 24 patients had 20/40 or better. The ocular alignment, binocular vision and diplopia were resolved spontaneously. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation performed together is effective on sensory exotropia subsequent to senile cataract.

Acute chylous peritonitis due to acute pancreatitis

We report a case of acute chylous ascites formation presenting as peritonitis(acute chylous peritonitis) in a patient suffering from acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia and alcohol abuse.The development of chylous ascites is usually a chronic process mostly involving malignancy,trauma or surgery,and symptoms arise as a result of progressive abdominal distention.However,when accumulation of "chyle" occurs rapidly,the patient may present with signs of peritonitis.Preoperative diagnosis is difficult since the clinical picture usually suggests hollow organ perforation,appendicitis or visceral ischemia.Less than 100 cases of acute chylous peritonitis have been reported.Pancreatitis is a rare cause of chyloperitoneum and in almost all of the cases chylous ascites is discovered some days(or even weeks) after the onset of symptoms of pancreatitis.This is the second case in the literature where the patient presented with acute chylous peritonitis due to acute pancreatitis,and the presence of chyle within the abdominal cavity was discovered simultaneously with the establishment of the diagnosis of pancreatitis.The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy for suspected perforated duodenal ulcer,since,due to hypertriglyceridemia,serum amylase values appeared within the normal range.Moreover,abdominal computed tomography imaging was not diagnostic for pancreatitis.Following abdominal lavage and drainage,the patient was successfully treated with total parenteral nutrition and octreotide.

Takotsubo triggered by acute myocardial infarction：a common but overlooked syndrome？

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy （TCM） is an acute cardiac syndrome characterized by extensive, but potentially reversible, left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of an explanatory coronary obstruction. Thus, TCM is distinct from coronary artery disease （CAD） and acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. However, substantial evidence for co-existing CAD in some TCM patients exist. Herein, we take this associa-tion one step further and present a case in which the patient simultaneously suffered from AMI and TCM, and in which we believe that a primary coronary event triggered TCM. An 88-year-old female presented with chest pain. Echocardiography revealed apical akinesia with hypercontractile bases. An occluded diagonal branch with suspected acute plaque rupture was identified on the angiogram, but could not explain the extent of akinesia. Cardiac function recovered completely. Thus, this patient adhered to current diagnostic criteria for TCM. TCM is a well-known complication for other conditions associated with somatic stress. It is therefore intuitive to assume that AMI, which also associates with somatic stress and elevated catecholamine, can cause TCM. Our case illustrates that TCM and AMI may occur simulta-neously. Although causality cannot be conclusively inferred from this association, the somatic stress associated with AMI may have caused TCM in this patient.

FAMILIAL AMYLOID POLYNEUROPATHY──CLINICAL REPORT OF A FAMILY

This paper reports a familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) family in China. This family being investigated had 69 members of five generations. From the third generation, there have been 16 patients. The age of onset was about 3 to 5 decades. The initial symptoms were autonomic nerve symptoms, such as impotence, dyspepsia and diarrhoea, associated with the sensory loss of lower extremities. As the disease progressed, the upper extremities and motor ability were also involved. The duration of disease course was about 8-10 years, most patients died of infection and cachexia. Sural biopsy in 3 patients had showed positive Congo red staining. From the clinical view, this FAP family is similar to FAP I found in Japan. The true classification, however, should be confirmed by further genetic analysis.

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF 42 CASES OF ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

We made clinical observations on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on acute upper respiratory tract infection and compared with the effect of paracetamol and Antondine, The result showed that acupuncture therapy could allay fever more rapidly than drugs, so long as the differentiation of syndromes is correct and the acupoint is selected properly.

Diverticulitis in the young patient-Is it different?

AIM： To prospectively study the incidence and the natural history of acute diverticulitis in young patients. METHODS： A total of 207 patients hospitalized at our hospital between January 2000 to February 2005 with the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis were included. Their demographic characteristics, medical history, physical, radiographic and endoscopic findings as well as therapy were recorded. Patients were followed every 6 mo for the first year and later annually. RESULTS： The mean patients＇ age was 61 （range 27-92） years. Twenty- five patients （12%） were younger than 45 years. Acute diverticulitis was significantly more prevalent among male in the young age group as compared to the older age group （19/25, 76% vs 61/182, 33%, respectively, P = 0.0001）. Complications occurred more often in the young age group; 32% vs 13%, （P = 0.002）. During follow-up, 6 patients （28%） remained asymptomatic in the young age group as compared to 87 patients （55%） in the older age group （P = 0.024）. As a result, sigmoidectomies were performed twice as often in the young age group （38% vs 13%, P = 0.002）. CONCLUSION： Diverticulitis in young patients has a male predominance, a more aggressive course with a higher rate of complications and a higher recurrence rate. An earlier surgical approach might be considered in young patients with acute diverticulitis.

Predictors of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: 322 consecutive patients who had undergone isolated CABG were reviewed. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Patients were grouped according to whether AF appeared postoperatively. RESULTS: AF occurred in 75 patients (23.3%). Most cases of AF (85.6%) appeared on or before the third postoperative day. The mean age for patients with AF was 62.5 years compared with 56.7 years for patients without AF (P or = 65 years (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.1), lesions in the right coronary artery (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 4.5), and early postoperative withdrawal of beta blocker (OR 3.9; 95% CI 2.1 to 7.7). CONCLUSIONS: AF remains the most common complication after CABG. Age and lesions in the right coronary artery can influence the incidence of AF, and beta blocker and magnesium may be the most economical and effective prevention for AF early after CABG.

Improved symptoms following bumetanide treatment in children aged 3-6 years with autism spectrum disorder:a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

With the current limited drug therapy for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),we herein report a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy,safety,and potential neural mechanism of bumetanide in children with ASD aged 3-6 years old.A total of 120 children were enrolled into the study and randomly assigned to either 0.5 mg bumetanide or placebo.In the final sample,119 children received at least one dose of bumetanide(59 children) or placebo(60 children) were included in the final analysis.The primary outcome was a reduction in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS) score,and the secondary outcomes were the Clinical Global Impressions Scale(CGI)-Global Improvement(CGI-I) score at 3 months and the change from baseline to 3-month in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule(ADOS).Magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) was used to measure y-aminobutyric acid(GABA) and glutamate neurotransmitter concentrations in the insular cortex(IC) before and after the treatment.As compared with the placebo,bumetanide treatment was significantly better in reducing the severity.No patient withdrew from the trial due to adverse events.The superiority of bumetanide to placebo in reducing insular GABA,measured using MRS,was demonstrated.The clinical improvement was associated with a decrease in insular GABA in the bumetanide group.In conclusion,this trial in a large group of young children with predominantly moderate and severe ASD demonstrated that bumetanide is safe and effective in improving the core symptoms of ASD.However,the clinical significance remains uncertain,and future multi-center clinical trials are required to replicate these findings and confirm the clinical significance using a variety of outcome measures.