冠状病毒感染性疾病法医病理学改变的回顾与思考

21世纪以来,已经有3种冠状病毒在人群间广泛传播并造成严重的疾病与死亡,强烈提示冠状病毒感染引发的高传染性疾病并非偶发事件。冠状病毒感染性疾病以呼吸系统症状为主要表现,但同时存在多器官功能障碍。精准探明冠状病毒感染性疾病的病理过程、特征和发生机制,有助于认识其临床特征,为探寻针对性的防治策略提供病理学依据。本文简要回顾已知的冠状病毒感染性疾病的病理学研究发现,尝试构建冠状病毒感染性疾病的病变谱,旨在为开展冠状病毒感染性疾病的尸体解剖、组织病理学检验与动物感染模型研究等提供借鉴与思考。

Detection of Broad Bean Diseases by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Curve Fitting

Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy was used to study diseased leaves in broad bean. Results showed that the infrared spectra of different broad bean diseased leaves were similar, which were mainly made up of the vibrational absorption bands of protein,lipid and polysaccharide.There were minor differences in-cluding the spectral peak position, peak shape and the absorption intensity in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. There were obvious differences among their second derivative spectra in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. After the procedure of the Fourier self-deconvolution and curve fitting of health bean leaves and broad bean diseased leaves in the range of 1 700-1 500 cm-1, three sub-peaks were obtained at 1 550 cm-1 （protein amide Ⅱ band）, 1 605 cm-1 （lignin） and 1 650 cm-1 （protein amide I band）.The ratios of relative areas of the bands of amide Ⅱ, lignin, and amide I were 38.86%, 28.68% and 32.47% in the spectra of healthy leaves, respec-tively. It was distinguished from the diseased leaves （chocolate spot leaf： 15.42%, 42.98% and 41.61%, ring spot leaf：32.39%, 35.63% and 31.98%, rust leaf： 13.97%, 46.40% and 39.65%, yel owing leaf curl disease leaf： 24.01%,36.55% and 39.44%）. For sub-peak area ratios （A1 563/A1 605, A1 650/A1 605 and A1 563/A1 654）, those of four kinds of diseased leaves were smal er than that of healthy leaves, and there were also differences among four kinds of diseased leaves. The results proved that FTIR combining with curve fitting might be a potential y useful tool for detecting different kinds of broad bean diseases.

Relationship between a novel polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase gene and coronary heart disease

OBJECTIVE: To investigate polymorphisms in the gene for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in Chinese populations with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to inquire into the relationship between these polymorphisms in LPL gene and CHD. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from patients with CHD and normal control subjects using a salting out method. The entire coding region and flanking sequences of all coding exons of the LPL gene were amplified by PCR technique and PCR products were detected by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and sequenced with a dideoxy terminal termination method. RESULTS: A novel polymorphic site, G830A, that is within the fifth exon of the LPL gene was found. The 192 codon CGA was changed into CAA and resulted in the substitution of glutamine for arginine. Between the control and CHD groups, chi-square test showed no significant difference in the frequencies of the A/A genotype and A allele (P > 0.05). However, the frequencies of A/A genotype and A allele (0.653 and 0.786) in CHD patients with high plasma triglyceride/lowed plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher than those (0.415 and 0.642) in CHD patients without hyperlipidemia (P Gln substitution polymorphism and CHD, but there is a significant positive correlation between the A/A genotype of the LPL gene and CHD associated with high triglyceride/lowed high density lipoprotein cholesterol. This study may provide new data for exploring the molecular mechanism of CHD.

Autism spectrum disorder model mice: Focus on copy number variation and epigenetics

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is gathering concerns in socially developed countries. ASD is a neuropsychiatric disorder of genetic origin with high prevalence of 1%–2%. The patients with ASD characteristically show impaired social skills. Today, many genetic studies identify numerous susceptible genes and genetic loci associated with ASD. Although some genetic factors can lead to abnormal brain function linked to ASD phenotypes, the pathogenic mechanism of ASD is still unclear. Here, we discuss a new mouse model for ASD as an advanced tool to understand the mechanism of ASD.

Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies on molecular recognition of tetrathiafulvalene derivative with P-glycoprotein and drug-resistant leukemia cells

Cancer is still one of the important diseases that threatens the health of people. Multidrug resistance(MDR) is the main factor that leads to the failure of cancer chemotherapy. Thus, MDR diagnosis could facilitate the monitoring of the therapy process and realization of efficient treatment of tumors. In this study, we have tried to use a new tetrathiafulvalene(TTF) derivative(TTF-(COONBu4)2) to sensitively recognize the MDR through the multi-signal responsive strategy. The relevant electrochemical and spectroscopic studies demonstrate the specific binding behavior of TTF-(COONBu4)2 with P-glycoprotein(P-gp) as well as drug-resistant leukemia cells. Especially due to the over-expression of specific components of P-gp on the plasma membranes of drug resistant cells, the electrochemical and hydrophilic/hydrophobic features of drug resistant-leukemia cells are apparently different from those of other kinds of leukemia cells. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study illustrates that the most intense vibration band of TTF moieties in the 1400–1600 cm-1 range is almost smeared out upon binding to P-gp, and the binding of TTF-(COONBu4)2 to P-gp may also lead to changes in protein secondary structure and backbone. This observation may advance the development of the new TTF agent for the promising clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDR of tumors with the aim of successful chemotherapy for human cancer.