PBL教学模式下超微结构病理学考核方法初探

目的:探讨PBL教学模式下超微结构病理学考核方法的改革。方法:以泸州医学院2011级本科检验专业学生为研究对象,分为PBL(Problem-based learning)教学组和SBL(Subject-based learning)教学组。从问卷调查、综述撰写、期末传统的考试成绩三方面综合评价两种教学效果与质量。结果:问卷调查结果显示,PBL教学增加学习兴趣、学习积极性、课堂气氛活跃度等,同时也增加了学习压力;综述考核显示,PBL教学组优于SBL教学组。而期末考试成绩两组无明显区别。结论:若需尽可能全面评估PBL教学模式的教学效果和质量,势必进行考核方法改革。

《超微结构病理学》考核模式的改革

近年来,以问题为基础的学习(PBL)教学模式逐渐在医学教育的各个学科中推广应用;然而对其教学效果和教学质量的评估尚缺乏有效的考核模式。在《超微结构病理学》教学中对PBL和以主题为基础的学习(SBL)相结合的教学模式进行考核模式的大胆改革,从以前单纯的期末理论成绩考核转换为包括理论成绩考核、综述考核、小组PPT制作讲课考核、实验技能及相关超微结构图片辨认考核等四大方面对学生进行综合素质的考核和评分,以找到更佳的教学方法和考核体系,提高《超微结构病理学》的教学质量和教学效果。

PBL教学模式在超微结构病理学中的应用研究

目的探讨PBL教学模式对超微结构病理学教学的影响。方法以泸州医学院2009级本科医学检验学专业学生为研究对象,采用以问题为基础的学习(PBL)教学模式教学。通过问卷调查对教学效果进行综合评估。结果PBL教学模式能够增加学生的学习兴趣,提高学习的积极性,活跃课堂气氛;学生普遍认为自身综合能力得到提高。结论 PBL教学法有助于提高超微结构病理学教学质量,有利于学生形成合理的知识智能体系。

超微结构病理学教学的体会

超微结构病理学（ultrastructural pathology）．主要是指亚细胞病理学，亦称细胞器病理学。即使用电子显微镜技术从组织细胞的超微结构水平来观察和分析研究疾病的发生发展规律而形成的一门形态学科。是介于基础医学与临床医学之间的一门桥梁课，它丰富、充实了组织胚胎学、解剖学、病理学、细胞生物学、微生物学以及各门临床医学等学科。其内容抽象、枯燥，缺乏相互联系．所以良好的入门引导和科学的教学方法是非常重要的。作为一名青年教师．在教学工作中．应该怎样积极主动地探索最佳的教学方法以保证良好的教学效果是值得探讨的。现结合自己的教学实践，针对超微结构病理学自身的特点．就如何做好教学工作．提高教学质量谈几点体会。

A2a受体激动剂联合LPD对大鼠供肺组织病理结构的影响

目的观察A2a受体激动剂联合低钾右旋糖苷(LPD)对大鼠供肺组织病理学结构的影响,探讨A2a受体激动剂在供肺组织中的保存作用。方法选择20只健康雄性SD大鼠,体重为350 g左右,采用随机数字表法分为两组(n=10),L组大鼠供肺组织采用常温LPD液进行肺灌注,LC组则在L组的灌注液及保存液中加入A2a受体激动剂CGS21680液,灌注肺离体后置于4℃相应组的保存液里保存6 h后,取两组移植肺组织行光镜下病理学观察并进行积分计算和统计学分析。结果肺组织炎症渗出积分方面LC组为3.5分,低于L组的9.5分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺组织病理评分总分方面,L组为(10.67±1.63)分,LC组为(7.50±1.22)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 A2a受体激动剂可减少供体肺组织炎症细胞浸润程度,提高LPD液对供肺组织保存效果。

中药合剂AA-3对SAP大鼠胰腺结构和功能保护作用的研究

目的:观察中药合剂AA-3对胰腺的保护作用。方法:健康SD大鼠随机分成3组,假手术组、模型组、中药治疗组。Aho’法复制急性重症胰腺炎。建立荧光显微流速测试系统,观察造模后24小时胰腺微血管血流的变化,检测血清、腹水淀粉酶,并观察胰腺病理组织学改变及超微结构改变。结果:模型组同一只大鼠的胰腺微动、静脉存在着不同的血流速度,治疗组血流速度则相对一致。模型组胰腺组织结构损害明显,而中药治疗组损害明显改善。结论:中药合剂AA-3能明显改善SAP大鼠胰腺结构和功能。

超微结构病理学在药物非临床安全性评价毒理学研究中的应用现状和关注点

超微结构病理学是药物非临床毒理学研究中毒性病理学评估的重要辅助工具。简要介绍了超微结构病理学在药物非临床安全性评价毒理学研究中的应用现状和关注点,并举例说明了透射电子显微镜等超微结构病理学技术在药物非临床安全性评价中的应用。目前,超微结构病理学技术在药物非临床毒理研究中虽然使用率不高,却是非临床毒理学研究中毒性病理学评估的重要辅助工具,可用于对光学显微镜检查结果的进一步研究,以作为早期药物发现和非临床安全性评价毒理学研究的有益补充。在使用超微结构病理学技术进行药物非临床毒理学研究时,应关注其使用的必要性、良好实验室规范(GLP)依从性、专业性、科学性和使用局限性等方面。

原子力显微镜对人尿液的直接观察

目的:建立人尿液的观察方法。方法:用原子力显微镜观察人尿液。结果:人尿液中的有形成分可均匀分布在云母片上,呈现大小、形状各不相同的颗粒,大者如同光镜下的结晶体,小者为几十纳米大小的颗粒状结构;不同性别、年龄的66份尿标本形态相似。结论:为进一步探讨尿液的研究和临床价值提供了线索。

甲亢宁对甲亢模型大鼠甲状腺病理结构及超微结构的影响

目的 观察以益气活血、清热化痰为治疗组方的甲亢宁对甲亢模型大鼠甲状腺病理结构及超微结构的影响.方法 采用优甲乐灌胃的方法建立甲亢大鼠模型,并分为5组（n=10）：模型对照组、丙硫氧嘧啶（PTU）对照组、PTU＋甲亢宁小、中、大剂量组,另加空白对照组（n=1O）,分别灌胃.药物干预4周后,观察甲亢宁对甲状腺组织病理结构及超微结构的影响.结果 甲亢宁对甲状腺病理及超微结构有明显的改善作用,而且随着剂量的加大,疗效更加显著,明显优于对照组.结论 以益气活血、清热化痰为治疗组方的甲亢宁对甲状腺结构的病理变化有保护作用,值得进一步深入研究.

Effects of four regulating-intestine prescriptions on pathology and ultrastructure of colon tissue in rats with ulcerative colitis

AIM: To observe different histomorphologic changes of ulcerative colitis (UC) rats that were treated with four regulating-intestine prescriptions (FRIP), to investigate the curative effects of FRIP and to analyze their treatment mechanism.METHODS: The UC rat model was made by the method of 2,4-dinitro chloro benzene (DNCB) immunity and acetic acid local enema. Ninety-eight SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, namely, the normal control group, model group, salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) group,Wumeiwan (WMW) group, Baitouwengtang (BTWT) group,Senglingbaishusan (SLBSS) group, and Tongxieyaofang (TXYF) group. Each group had 14 rats (with equal ratio of male and female). The six animal model groups of UC-SASP, TXYF, WMW, BTWT, SLBSS, TXYF-were treated by distilled water except the normal control group. Changes of the rat's general conditions after treatment were respectively observed, the colon tissue damage scores were given out, the pathology of colonic mucosa and changes of ultrastructure were analyzed.RESULTS: Different pathological changes on histology were shown after treatment by FRIP. The colon tissue damage score in model group was higher than that of FRIP groups and SASP group (q = 4.59, 4.77, P＜0.05 or q = 5.48,6.25, 5.97, P＜0.01). The scores of WMW group, BTWT group and SLBSS group were lower than that of SASP (q = 4.13, P＜0.05 or q = 5.31, 5.12, P＜0.01). There was no remarkable difference between the damage score of TXYF group and SASP group (q = 3.75, P＞0.05). In addition, some apoptosis cells were found in the pathologic control group.CONCLUSION: The model made with DNCB and acetic acid was successful, and FRIP had better curative effect and WMW was the best curative effect, BTW, SLBSS and TXYF were similar to SASP, and we discovered that apoptosis was possibly related to UC.

Histopathological Observation of Lymphocystis Disease and Lymphocystis Disease Virus (LCDV) Detection in Cultured Diseased Sebastes schlegeli

Lymphocystis nodules occurring in the cultured sting fish Sebastes schlegeli were observed under light and electron microscope. Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in the tissues of diseased fish was detected with indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT). Results showed that lymphocystis cells had overly irregular nuclei, basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies with virions budding from the surface, and hyaline capsules outside the cell membrane. Numerous virus particles about 200 nm in diameter scat- tered in the cytoplasm, electron-dense particles 70-80 nm in diameter filled in perinuclear cisterna, and membrane-enveloped parti- cles with electron-dense core of 70-80 nm appeared around cellular nucleus. IFAT using monoclonal antibody against LCDV from Paralichthys olivaceus revealed that specific green fluorescence was present in the cytoplasm of lymphocystis cells, epithelium of stomach, gill lamellae, and muscular fibers under epidermis of S. schlegeli, just as that in the cytoplasm of lymphocystis cells of P. olivaceus, suggesting the presence of LCDV in these tissues.

Time-effect relationship of acupuncture on histopathology, ultrastructure, and neuroethology in the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage

Many clinical studies have addressed the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage using acupuncture. However, few studies have examined the relationship between time of acupuncture and curative effect on cerebral hemorrhage. By observing the effect of acupuncture on changes in histopathology, ultrastructure, and neuroethology in a cerebral hemorrhage model of rats, we have directly examined the time-effect relationship of acupuncture. The rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was produced by slowly injecting autologous blood to the right caudate nucleus. The experimental groups were: 3-, 9-, 24-, and 48-hour model groups; and 3-, 9-, 24-, and 48-hour acupuncture groups. The sham-operation group was used for comparison. Acupuncture was performed at the Neiguan(PC6) and Renzhong(DU26) acupoints, twice a day, 6 hours apart, for 5 consecutive days. Brain tissue changes were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Neuroethology was assessed using Bederson and Longa scores. Our results show that compared with the sham-operation and model groups, Bederson and Longa scores were lower in each acupuncture group, with visibly improved histopathology and brain tissue ultrastructure. Further, the results were better in the 3-and 9-hour acupuncture groups than the 24-and 48-hour acupuncture groups. Our findings show that acupuncture treatment can relieve pathological and ultrastructural deterioration and neurological impairment caused by the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage, and may protect brain tissue during this period. In addition, earlier acupuncture intervention following cerebral hemorrhage(by 3 or 9 hours) is associated with a better treatment outcome.

Predisposing factors for atrial fibrillation in the elderly

Atrial fibrillation （AF） in the elderly occurs as a consequence of cardiovascular aging and an age related increase of comorbidity. Several predisposing factors for AF have been identified for the overall AF population. Most of them, cardiovascular disease in particular, play a role in younger and older patients. The longer time period during which these risk factors can cause structural changes that ultimately lead to AF may, at least in part, explain the association between age and AF. In addition, less well defined age-related changes in cellular electrophysi- ologic properties and structure predispose to AF in the elderly.

Pathological Manifestations on Concrete Bridges at Recife＇s Metropolitan Area

Bridges are structures being used to cross rivers, lakes or any other obstacles which involve water. These instruments are commonly used in cities like Recife, which consists of several islands. However, it is common in this city to observe the fast deterioration of these structures that have been built for decades and are subjected to structural recoveries only when they present a possible imminent collapse. The maintenance of these constructions, often used as tourist spots, is essential because of the economic importance, while these structures are responsible for transporting people and cargo, and also play a key role in the city＇s roads. This paper aims to present and assess the conservation status of these bridges through the study of possible pathologies found at Princesa Isabel Bridge, Government Agamenon Bridge, Ponte Giratória Bridge and Paulo Guerra Bridge. The methodology for its inspection will be prescribed by ABNT NBR-9452/86, which provides for ＂Surveys of Concrete Bridges/Viaducts＂. After analysis, it was found that most bridges problems were caused by the presence of moisture that accumulates in bridges due to the absence or malfunction of drainage systems.

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Rhabdoid Meningioma: One Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction Rhabdoid meningioma （RM） is a special type of meningioma, The pathologic features of RM include sheets of rhabdoid tumor cells with or without the findings typical of conventional meningiomas. Since the disease is rare, and the histologic structure similar to that of other tumors, misdiagnosis and failure to include the entity in the differentiation can occur from time to time. In this article, the pathologic features and immunophenotype of RM are analyzed, in combination with analysis of a case treated at our institution and a review of the literature.

慢性回肠末端炎治疗的初步探讨——附66例报告

我院消化科对1991年2月～1999年2月经内镜、病理学确诊的66例慢性回肠末端炎进行治疗,疗效满意,现将有关结果报告如下: 1 临床资料 本组共66例慢性回肠末端炎经内镜、病理学确诊,其中男43例,女23例,年龄16～68岁,平均年龄37.5岁,与同时期的慢性回肠末端炎32例进行对比分析,其中性别、年龄、职业与治疗组对比,无显著性差异(P】0.05)。

氟对肾酶毒作用和硼对氟拮抗作用的机理研究通过鉴定

由李健学、陈荣安、章孟本等教师研究、张国高教授指导的“氟对肾酶毒作用和硼对氟拮抗作用的机理研究”于1990年12月10日通过鉴定。参加鉴定的北京、上海、天津、南京、广东、贵阳等地的专家教授认为,此项成果达到国际先进水平。 长期过量摄氟可引起工业性和地方性氟病。氟病涉及面广、病人众多、危害严重,在发病机理、诊断标准、防治措施方面尚有许多急待解决的问题。本研究应用酶生物化学和组织化学、细胞培养技术。

Experimental study on a novel compound extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine for treatment of alveolar echinococcosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel compound derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treatment of alveolar echinococcosis in the Kuming mouse. METHODS: The compound was extracted from TCM by serial procedures including amalgamation of TCM drugs, boiling in a beaker, cold condensation using a reflux instrument, evaporation by mild heating and finally, formation of a deep brown powder. An animal model of alveolar echinococcosis was established concurrently. A bit of alveococcus tissue derived from alveolar echinococcosis in the mouse was transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of the musculus of a Kuming mouse. The duration of infection after inoculation was classified as either 1 week or 10 weeks; the animals were again divided into treated groups and control groups. Estimation of the alveococcus inhibitory rate and electron microscopic observation served as the main methods for assessment of efficacy. The infected mice in the treated groups were intra-gastrically administered once per day with the TCM extractive powder at doses of 20 mg.kg(-1) for three months continuously. All the animals were sacrificed and examined half a month after the end of TCM treatment. RESULTS: Total wet weight of alveococcus collected from the 9 mice in the treated group after one week of infection was 37.8 g (x +/- s, 4.196 +/- 2.090 g), which was markedly lower than the amount collected from 10 mice of the control group (121.3 g, x +/- s, 12.1 +/- 4.3 g). Therefore, the inhibitory rate of the alveococcus was 65.7% (P

VEGF在子痫前期患者胎盘中的表达

目的:观察在子痫前期胎盘中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的合成和表达水平。方法:对10例子痫前期患者的胎盘以及10例对照组的胎盘,用生物素过氧化物酶复合物法标记组织中的VEGF,在高倍镜下根据细胞的染色数量和强度进行评分,并通过RT-PCR测定VEGF的mRNA水平。结果:VEGF在子痫前期患者的胎盘中的表达明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在子痫前期患者胎盘中,VEGF的表达明显增强。