三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)是乳腺癌中恶性程度较高的一种病理分型,因其病理呈现雌激素受体、孕激素受体和人类表皮生长因子受体2均为阴性的特殊性,使得目前药物治疗效果不甚理想,探究与TNBC病变过程相关的病理...三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)是乳腺癌中恶性程度较高的一种病理分型,因其病理呈现雌激素受体、孕激素受体和人类表皮生长因子受体2均为阴性的特殊性,使得目前药物治疗效果不甚理想,探究与TNBC病变过程相关的病理标志物是当前乳腺癌研究领域的热点之一.通过高通量基因表达(gene expression omnibus,GEO)数据库获取TNBC相关的基因集,并进行主成分分析、差异基因筛选、基因功能和信号通路的富集分析、蛋白互作网络构建以及加权基因共表达网络分析等转录组学分析.结果表明,TNBC和非TNBC具有明显不同的基因表达模式,这些差异基因主要富集于表皮生长和分化、乳腺上皮细胞生长和发育等相关生物学过程,还富集于转录因子结合相关分子功能与雌激素信号转导相关通路.整合蛋白互作网络和共表达网络的结果,可以预测TFF1、FOXA1、AGR2和AGR3可能是涉及TNBC病理表型的关键基因.研究结果为揭示TNBC潜在的病理标志物以及由此衍生的疾病诊疗靶标或分子调控机制,提供一定的理论研究依据.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most frequent malignant tumors and is the second most common cause of cancer death in China. Therefore, it is very important to detect this disease and the recurrence at ...Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most frequent malignant tumors and is the second most common cause of cancer death in China. Therefore, it is very important to detect this disease and the recurrence at its earlier period. Serum tumor markers, as the effective method for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma for a long time, could be divided into 4 categories： oncofetal antigens and glycoprotein antigens; enzymes and isoenzymes; genes; and cytokines. Serum alpha fetoprotein （AFP） is the most widely used tumor marker in detecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and has been proven to have capability of prefiguring the prognosis. However, it has been indicated that AFP-L3 and DCP excel AFP in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from nonmalignant hepatopathy and detecting small hepatocellular carcinoma. Some tumor markers, such as human cervical cancer oncogene and human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA, have also been indicated to have higher accuracies than AFP. Furthermore, some other tumor markers, such as glypican-3, gamma-glutamyl transferase Ⅱ, alpha-Ifucosidase, transforming growth factor-beta1, tumorspecific growth factor, have been indicated to be available supplementaries to AFP in the detection. AFP mRNA has been shown to correlate with the metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it may be the most useful marker to prefigure the prognosis. Some other markers, such as gamma-glutamyl transferase mRNA, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-8, could also be used as available prognostic indicators, and the simultaneous determination of AFP and these markers may detect the recurrence of HCC at its earlier period.展开更多
Objective To investigate the expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 in malignant lymphoma of the stomach and explore their role in progression of primary gastric malignant lymphoma. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded ...Objective To investigate the expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 in malignant lymphoma of the stomach and explore their role in progression of primary gastric malignant lymphoma. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues from 56 cases of primary gastric malignant lymphoma and their adjacent non-tumor mucosa were evaluated for PTEN and Caspase-3 protein ex-pression by streptavidin-biotin-complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry. Their expression was compared with clinical tumor parameters with the relationship between PTEN and Caspase-3 expression concerned as well. Results The positive rate of PTEN expression in primary gastric lymphomas(50.0%, 28/56) was significantly lower than that in adjacent non-tumor gastric mucosa(96.4%, 27/28)(P < 0.05). Meanwhile,43 of 56(76.8%)gastric lymphomas indicated Caspase-3 expression, less than that in adjacent non-tumor mucosa (93.5%, 29/31) (P < 0.05). The expression of PTEN was negatively correlated with invasion and lymph node metastasis of gastric lymphoma(P < 0.05), while the Caspase-3 expression was negatively associated with the latter one(P < 0.05). Additionally, the PTEN expression was posi-tively correlated with Caspase-3 expression in the primary gastric malignant lymphoma(P < 0.05). Conclusions The down-regulated expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 played an important role in progression of primary malignant gastric lymphoma. PTEN, as a molecular marker of pathobiological behaviors of tumor, contributes to tumor progression by increasing cell mobility and angiogenesis, as well as decreasing cell adhesion and apoptosis.展开更多
AIM:To verify that CD markers are available for detecting cancer stem cell populations and to evaluate their clinical significance in colon cancer.METHODS:Immunohistochemistry for CD133,CD24 and CD44 was performed on ...AIM:To verify that CD markers are available for detecting cancer stem cell populations and to evaluate their clinical significance in colon cancer.METHODS:Immunohistochemistry for CD133,CD24 and CD44 was performed on the tissue microarray of 523 colorectal adenocarcinomas.Medical records were reviewed and clinicopathological analysis was performed.RESULTS:In colorectal adenocarcinoma,128 of 523 cases(24.5%) were positive and 395 cases(75.5%) were negative for CD133 expression.Two hundred and sixty-four of 523 cases(50.5%) were positive and 259 cases(49.5%) were negative for CD24 expression.Five hundred and two of 523 cases(96%) were negative and 21 cases(4%) were positive for CD44 expression.Upon clinicopathological analysis,CD133 expression was present more in male patients(P = 0.002) and in advanced T stage cancer(P = 0.024).Correlation between CD24 expression and clinicopathological factors was seen in the degree of differentiation(P = 0.006).Correlation between CD44 expression and clinicopathological factors was seen in the tumor size(P = 0.001).Survival was not significantly related to CD133,CD24 and CD44 expression.CONCLUSION:CD markers were related to invasiveness and differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinoma.However,CD expression was not closely related to survival.展开更多
Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSOD) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and its biolog...Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSOD) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and its biological behavior.Methods:Immunohistochemical method(SP method),reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot were combined to detect the MnSOD protein and mRNA expression in 45 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the normal tissue that was 5 cm apart from the edge of esophageal cancer lesion and without documented microscopic invasive cancer.Meanwhile,analysis was performed on the relationship between the pathological features of esophageal cancer and its biological behavior.Results:In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal esophageal tissue,MnSOD protein expression was identified in 31.1%(14/45) and 86.7%(31/45)(P = 0.003),respectively,with the relative expression levels of MnSOD mRNA were 0.310 ± 0.036 and 0.482 ± 0.053(P = 0.000).The longer the lesions and the deeper the invasion,the differentiation would become poorer and the expression level of MnSOD would get lower,indicating that the level of MnSOD protein and mRNA expression were closely related to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the length of lesion,depth of invasion,and degree of differentiation(P < 0.05).Nevertheless,it showed no association with the presence of the lymph node metastasis,lesion site and the macroscopic classification(P > 0.05).Conclusion:The MnSOD protein and mRNA expression were both decreased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue.This may be related to the carcinogenesis and development of esophageal cancer.Detection of the expression of MnSOD would be of clinical significance in understanding the prognosis and guiding therapeutic strategy of esophageal cancer.展开更多
Neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) of the pancreas is rare.We report the case of a 34-year-old man with pancreatic NEC with soft tissue metastasis.The patient presented with right upper abdominal discomfort.Computed tomogr...Neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) of the pancreas is rare.We report the case of a 34-year-old man with pancreatic NEC with soft tissue metastasis.The patient presented with right upper abdominal discomfort.Computed tomography revealed a low-density heterogeneous mass in the tail and body of the pancreas that encroached on the greater curvature of the stomach and spleen.We performed exploratory laparotomy and total pancreatectomy with splenectomy and total gastrectomy.Histopathological analysis showed spindleshaped cells with scanty cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei,confirming a primary pancreatic NEC.One month after the surgery,the patient experienced leg swelling.Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed high uptake of fludeoxyglucose in the left leg,and the leg was amputated.Histopathological analysis confirmed metastasis of pancreatic NEC.The patient was followed up and received chemotherapy(etoposide and cisplatin).One month after amputation,the level of tumor marker neuron-specific enolase was 142.70 μg/L and computed tomography scan revealed an aggravated metastatic lesion.The patient suffered from unbearable pain and we treated him with odynolysis.Four months postoperatively,the patient died of respiratory failure.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence in early gastric cancer (EGC), what's more, we attempt to look for a predictive bioma...Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence in early gastric cancer (EGC), what's more, we attempt to look for a predictive biomarker to predict and treat for re-currence of EGC. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 178 early gastric cancer patients who had the complete post-operative and follow-up medical records in the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University (China) between January 1995 to December 2005. All of them were followed-up to December 2009 regularly. Computer tomography (CT), endoscopy, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPET-CT) were used to diagnose for recurrence of EGC. Immunohistochem-istry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used for the detection of cerbB2. Chi-square test was applied to this study for statistics analysis. Results: Fourteen patients had recurrence. Eighteen patients were cerbB2-positive, including twelve recurrence patients and six norecurrence patients. Sex, tumor depth, and lymph node metastasis were related to the recurrence of EGC. Also, cerbB2-positive patients had the higher recurrence rate compared to the cerbB2-negative patients. Conclusion: Recurrence of EGC after curative resection can be predicted by using some clinicopathological characteristics. CerbB2 can be used as a predictive biomarker for recurrence of EGC.展开更多
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most frequent malignant tumors and is the second most common cause of cancer death in China. Therefore, it is very important to detect this disease and the recurrence at its earlier period. Serum tumor markers, as the effective method for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma for a long time, could be divided into 4 categories： oncofetal antigens and glycoprotein antigens; enzymes and isoenzymes; genes; and cytokines. Serum alpha fetoprotein （AFP） is the most widely used tumor marker in detecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and has been proven to have capability of prefiguring the prognosis. However, it has been indicated that AFP-L3 and DCP excel AFP in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from nonmalignant hepatopathy and detecting small hepatocellular carcinoma. Some tumor markers, such as human cervical cancer oncogene and human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA, have also been indicated to have higher accuracies than AFP. Furthermore, some other tumor markers, such as glypican-3, gamma-glutamyl transferase Ⅱ, alpha-Ifucosidase, transforming growth factor-beta1, tumorspecific growth factor, have been indicated to be available supplementaries to AFP in the detection. AFP mRNA has been shown to correlate with the metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it may be the most useful marker to prefigure the prognosis. Some other markers, such as gamma-glutamyl transferase mRNA, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-8, could also be used as available prognostic indicators, and the simultaneous determination of AFP and these markers may detect the recurrence of HCC at its earlier period.
文摘Objective To investigate the expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 in malignant lymphoma of the stomach and explore their role in progression of primary gastric malignant lymphoma. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues from 56 cases of primary gastric malignant lymphoma and their adjacent non-tumor mucosa were evaluated for PTEN and Caspase-3 protein ex-pression by streptavidin-biotin-complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry. Their expression was compared with clinical tumor parameters with the relationship between PTEN and Caspase-3 expression concerned as well. Results The positive rate of PTEN expression in primary gastric lymphomas(50.0%, 28/56) was significantly lower than that in adjacent non-tumor gastric mucosa(96.4%, 27/28)(P < 0.05). Meanwhile,43 of 56(76.8%)gastric lymphomas indicated Caspase-3 expression, less than that in adjacent non-tumor mucosa (93.5%, 29/31) (P < 0.05). The expression of PTEN was negatively correlated with invasion and lymph node metastasis of gastric lymphoma(P < 0.05), while the Caspase-3 expression was negatively associated with the latter one(P < 0.05). Additionally, the PTEN expression was posi-tively correlated with Caspase-3 expression in the primary gastric malignant lymphoma(P < 0.05). Conclusions The down-regulated expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 played an important role in progression of primary malignant gastric lymphoma. PTEN, as a molecular marker of pathobiological behaviors of tumor, contributes to tumor progression by increasing cell mobility and angiogenesis, as well as decreasing cell adhesion and apoptosis.
基金Supported by The Research fund of Hanyang University (HY-2007-C) to Paik SS
文摘AIM:To verify that CD markers are available for detecting cancer stem cell populations and to evaluate their clinical significance in colon cancer.METHODS:Immunohistochemistry for CD133,CD24 and CD44 was performed on the tissue microarray of 523 colorectal adenocarcinomas.Medical records were reviewed and clinicopathological analysis was performed.RESULTS:In colorectal adenocarcinoma,128 of 523 cases(24.5%) were positive and 395 cases(75.5%) were negative for CD133 expression.Two hundred and sixty-four of 523 cases(50.5%) were positive and 259 cases(49.5%) were negative for CD24 expression.Five hundred and two of 523 cases(96%) were negative and 21 cases(4%) were positive for CD44 expression.Upon clinicopathological analysis,CD133 expression was present more in male patients(P = 0.002) and in advanced T stage cancer(P = 0.024).Correlation between CD24 expression and clinicopathological factors was seen in the degree of differentiation(P = 0.006).Correlation between CD44 expression and clinicopathological factors was seen in the tumor size(P = 0.001).Survival was not significantly related to CD133,CD24 and CD44 expression.CONCLUSION:CD markers were related to invasiveness and differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinoma.However,CD expression was not closely related to survival.
基金Supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30540005)
文摘Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSOD) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and its biological behavior.Methods:Immunohistochemical method(SP method),reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot were combined to detect the MnSOD protein and mRNA expression in 45 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the normal tissue that was 5 cm apart from the edge of esophageal cancer lesion and without documented microscopic invasive cancer.Meanwhile,analysis was performed on the relationship between the pathological features of esophageal cancer and its biological behavior.Results:In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal esophageal tissue,MnSOD protein expression was identified in 31.1%(14/45) and 86.7%(31/45)(P = 0.003),respectively,with the relative expression levels of MnSOD mRNA were 0.310 ± 0.036 and 0.482 ± 0.053(P = 0.000).The longer the lesions and the deeper the invasion,the differentiation would become poorer and the expression level of MnSOD would get lower,indicating that the level of MnSOD protein and mRNA expression were closely related to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the length of lesion,depth of invasion,and degree of differentiation(P < 0.05).Nevertheless,it showed no association with the presence of the lymph node metastasis,lesion site and the macroscopic classification(P > 0.05).Conclusion:The MnSOD protein and mRNA expression were both decreased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue.This may be related to the carcinogenesis and development of esophageal cancer.Detection of the expression of MnSOD would be of clinical significance in understanding the prognosis and guiding therapeutic strategy of esophageal cancer.
文摘Neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) of the pancreas is rare.We report the case of a 34-year-old man with pancreatic NEC with soft tissue metastasis.The patient presented with right upper abdominal discomfort.Computed tomography revealed a low-density heterogeneous mass in the tail and body of the pancreas that encroached on the greater curvature of the stomach and spleen.We performed exploratory laparotomy and total pancreatectomy with splenectomy and total gastrectomy.Histopathological analysis showed spindleshaped cells with scanty cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei,confirming a primary pancreatic NEC.One month after the surgery,the patient experienced leg swelling.Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed high uptake of fludeoxyglucose in the left leg,and the leg was amputated.Histopathological analysis confirmed metastasis of pancreatic NEC.The patient was followed up and received chemotherapy(etoposide and cisplatin).One month after amputation,the level of tumor marker neuron-specific enolase was 142.70 μg/L and computed tomography scan revealed an aggravated metastatic lesion.The patient suffered from unbearable pain and we treated him with odynolysis.Four months postoperatively,the patient died of respiratory failure.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence in early gastric cancer (EGC), what's more, we attempt to look for a predictive biomarker to predict and treat for re-currence of EGC. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 178 early gastric cancer patients who had the complete post-operative and follow-up medical records in the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University (China) between January 1995 to December 2005. All of them were followed-up to December 2009 regularly. Computer tomography (CT), endoscopy, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPET-CT) were used to diagnose for recurrence of EGC. Immunohistochem-istry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used for the detection of cerbB2. Chi-square test was applied to this study for statistics analysis. Results: Fourteen patients had recurrence. Eighteen patients were cerbB2-positive, including twelve recurrence patients and six norecurrence patients. Sex, tumor depth, and lymph node metastasis were related to the recurrence of EGC. Also, cerbB2-positive patients had the higher recurrence rate compared to the cerbB2-negative patients. Conclusion: Recurrence of EGC after curative resection can be predicted by using some clinicopathological characteristics. CerbB2 can be used as a predictive biomarker for recurrence of EGC.
