基层医院内科几种常见疾病的护理策略探究

基层医院的内科病患者呈逐年增加的趋势,内科患者的病情一般较复杂,病程长,很容易转化为身心疾病,长期的药物治疗、行动受限和饮食禁忌很容易引起患者的痛苦,所以,在基层医院的护理人员需要了解几种常见病的病程特征和发作注意事项,并做好患者的心理疏导,才能有效地缓解患者痛苦。

关于全自动生化分析仪试剂交叉污染的检测策略分析

基层医院的内科病患者呈逐年增加的趋势,内科患者的病情一般较复杂,病程长,很容易转化为身心疾病,长期的药物治疗、行动受限和饮食禁忌很容易引起患者的痛苦,所以,在基层医院的护理人员需要了解几种常见病的病程特征和发作注意事项,并做好患者的心理疏导,才能有效地缓解患者痛苦。

Translation and piloting of the Chinese Mandarin version of an intensive care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool(the COMHON Index)

Objective:To translate an intensive care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool(the COMHON Index)from English into Chinese Mandarin.Methods:A four-step approach to instrument translation was utilised:1)English-Mandarin forward-translation by three independent bilinguists;2)Mandarin-English back-translation by two other inde-pendent bilinguists;3)comparison of forward and back-translations,identification of discrepancies,with required amendments returned to step one;and 4)piloting of the translated instrument.The pilot study was undertaken in a Chinese surgical intensive care unit with a convenience sample of 20 nurses.A five-point ordinal scale(1=very difficult;5=very easy)was used to assess ease-of-use and understanding.Translations were retained where medians4 indicated use and understanding was easy to very easy.Results:Five iterations of steps 1 to 3,and two sets of amendments to the original English instrument,were required to achieve translation consensus prior to pilot testing.Subscale scoring,sum scoring,and risk categorisation were documented in most pilot assessments(≥80%),but three sum scores were incorrectly tallied.The overall tool and all subscales were easy to use and understand(medians≥4),and most assessments(16/20,80%)took5 min to complete.Thus,translations were retained,with minor amendments made to instrument instructions for scoring and risk categorisation.Conclusions:An easy-to-use Chinese Mandarin intensive care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool has been introduced through cross-cultural translation.However,it requires further testing of interrater reliability and agreement.A rigorous translation and reporting exemplar is presented that provides guidance for future translations.

Nurses’perception on competency requirement and training demand for intensive care nurses

Objectives Various authors have explored the combination of competencies necessary for ensuring safe and quality care carried out by nurses in Intensive Care Units(ICUs).Nurses’perception of training is an element that must be studied in order to adopt appropriate educational measures.This study aimed to evaluate nurses’perception of the importance of intensive care training in Spain.Methods A descriptive,cross-sectional,multicentre study was conducted on a national level in Spain.Totally 85 ICUs took part in the study.The questionnaire used was developed using the Delphi method and had 66 items to investigate nurses’perception on competency requirements and training needs.The evaluation was conducted by a 10-point Likert scale.Results The sample was 568 Spanish nurses.Significant differences were found on an academic level,in terms of gender and hospital type,and in the professional experience of the nurse when it comes to evaluating the different training items;the differences in overall questionnaire scores among these groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The nurses analyzed believe that previous training and professional experience in other care services are necessary before starting work in an ICU.Conclusion Implementation of training programs tailored to the needs of critical nurses had benefits for nurses and the health system.Nurses benefited from training focused on the skills and knowledge of each moment of their working life.Nurses have a different evaluation of their training needs throughout their professional cycle.Therefore,their training must be adapted to the professional stage of each nurse.

Symptom trajectories in patients with breast cancer:An integrative review

Objective This study aimed to synthesize the available knowledge of symptom trajectories in patients with breast cancer and identify predictors associated with these trajectories.Methods Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review method was employed to guide a systematic search for literature in four databases(PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and CINAHL).The retrieved articles’publication time was limited to 2010 to 2020,and only peer-reviewed English articles were included.Results Twenty-seven articles were included.The findings of the relevant studies were analyzed using thematic analysis.They were grouped into two themes:symptom trajectories of patients with breast cancer(symptom trajectories in patients with breast cancer,in patients who underwent surgery,and in patients who received cancer-related treatment)and associated factors(socioeconomic factors,health characteristics,cancer-related treatment characteristics).Newly diagnosed patients tended to report high trajectories of depression and persistent sleep disturbance.Most patients who underwent surgery reported significant sleep disturbance and anxiety shortly after surgery.For patients who received cancer-related treatment,only a small proportion had a high level of physical activity after cancer-related therapy over time.A high body mass index,a low relationship quality,parental responsibilities,insufficient social support,a low educational background,and an unhealthy lifestyle may increase the risk of negative symptom trajectories in patients with breast cancer.Additionally,old patients were more likely to report cognitive impairment after chemotherapy,while young patients tended to report trajectories of persistent sexual dysfunction.Concurring symptoms and poor health status also contributed to adverse symptom trajectories.Conclusion The findings of this review add to the body of knowledge of the interindividual variability of symptom trajectories in patients with breast cancer.Despite the overall similarity in appraisal at baseline,the patients reported varied symptom trajectories over time.It is recommended that nurses consider sociodemographic,clinical and cancer-related treatment characteristics and perform targeted early preventive interventions for patients with breast cancer.

140例甲状腺疾病外科治疗护理分析

目的：研究接受外科治疗的甲状腺病症的护理效果。方法：回顾性分析2009-2011年间我院收治的140例甲状腺手术病人的临床资料。结果：外科护理的甲状腺病症效果明显。结论：系统而全面的护理方案对甲状腺手术能否成功有很大影响。