复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病致病菌的微卫星分析

白色假丝酵母菌及光滑球拟假丝酵母菌是外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（vulvovaginal candidiasis，VVC）及复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis，RVVC）的最常见致病菌。

牙周致病菌抑制方法的新进展

龈下菌斑中G-厌氧菌感染是牙周病的重要致病因素,其中牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌和核梭杆菌等是目前公认的牙周病致病菌[1]。因此如何能够控制牙周病致病菌是消除炎症,防止牙周病复发的关键。

广西南宁地区甲真菌病致病菌的分析

为了解广西南宁地区甲真菌病病原菌菌种的构成及其变化趋势，我们对近两年我院门诊真菌镜检和培养均阳性的858例甲真菌病患者病原菌菌种进行鉴定及回顾性分析，现报道如下。

中药提取物对牙周病相关致病菌和部分致龋菌杀菌作用的体外研究

目的:观察中药提取物对牙周病相关致病菌和部分龋病致病菌的杀菌作用。方法:选择以清热解毒药物为主的中药验方,采用微量液体稀释法,测定中药水提取物在体外厌氧环境下对牙龈卟啉单胞菌、伴放线放线杆菌、具核梭杆菌和有氧环境下对变形链球菌的最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:中药提取物对各实验细菌均有杀菌作用,对牙周常见可疑致病菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌、伴放线放线杆菌、具核梭杆菌和常见致龋菌变形链球菌的MBC值分别为7.8125、3.90625、7.8125和7.8125mg/ml。结论:浓度为7.8125mg/ml的中药提取物在不破坏牙周局部生态平衡的情况下可有效杀灭牙周细菌。

与手足口病致病菌EV71的对话

手足口病是由肠道病毒引起的全球性传染病。1957年，新西兰最先报告手足口病病例，继后欧州、美洲、亚洲相继发生大流行。我国自1981年发现首例手足口病病例，此后每年都有人患病。2008年，我国全年累计报告手足口病48万多例，其中死亡病例占0．026％。2008年冬至2009年4月7日。全国共报告手足口病11．5万例，其中重症773例，死亡50例，由肠道病毒71型（EV71）引起的占75％。

10种杀菌剂对马铃薯黑胫病主要致病菌的室内毒力

近年来,马铃薯黑胫病在中国马铃薯主产区广泛发生,且呈逐年加重趋势。目前,药剂防治仍是该病的主要防治方法。为筛选有效防治马铃薯黑胫病的药剂,采用抑菌圈法进行室内毒力测定,测定了10种杀菌剂对3种主要致病菌Pectobacterium atrosepticum(Pa)、P.carotovorum subsp.brasiliensis(Pcb)和P.carotovorum subsp.carotovorum(Pcc)的抑制效果。结果表明,50%氯溴异氰尿酸可溶粉剂、21%中生·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂、46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂、1.5%噻霉酮水乳剂、30%琥胶肥酸铜悬浮剂和2%春雷霉素水剂对马铃薯黑胫病有一定的抑制作用。进一步筛选出抑菌圈直径>10 mm的杀菌剂室内毒力测定表明,50%氯溴异氰尿酸可溶粉剂、2%春雷霉素水剂和1.5%噻霉酮水乳剂对马铃薯黑胫病菌Pa抑制效果较好,EC50值分别为14.11,8.63和2.17μL/mL;46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂、30%琥胶肥酸铜悬浮剂和50%氯溴异氰尿酸可溶粉剂对马铃薯黑胫病菌Pcb抑制效果较好,其对Pcb的EC50值分别为3.63,8.06和14.69μL/mL;2%春雷霉素水剂、46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂、21%中生·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂和1.5%噻霉酮水乳剂对Pcc的抑制效果较好,其对Pcc的EC50值分别为4.75,1.18,6.75和0.21μL/mL。因此,除春雷霉素水剂外,高浓度的氯溴异氰尿酸可溶粉剂、氢氧化铜水分散粒剂、噻霉酮水乳剂、中生·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂和琥胶肥酸铜悬浮剂均具有广谱性,对3种黑胫病菌Pa、Pcb、Pcc具有较好的抑制效果,其中琥胶肥酸铜悬浮剂对Pcb和中生·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂对Pcc的抑制效果更佳。

外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病菌群分析

目的探讨青岛及周边地区外阴阴道念珠菌病致病菌的菌种特征。方法采用常规念珠菌培养方法鉴定菌种，包括沙氏培养基，血清芽管实验，CHROMagar念珠菌显色培养基及API20CAUX酵母菌鉴定系统。结果2011年5～11月共收集362例妇科门诊患者的阴道分泌物，病原学分析显示，念珠菌阳性例数为313例，总感染率为86．46％，菌种构成分布为白念珠菌275株，光滑念珠菌13株，近平滑念珠菌8株，热带念珠菌7株，克柔念珠菌5株，葡萄牙念珠菌1株，都柏林念珠菌1株，粘质红酵母菌1株，奥默毕赤酵母菌1株，粘性丝孢酵母菌1株。结论白念珠菌仍是外阴阴道念珠菌病的常见致病菌，非白念以光滑念珠菌为主。

治疗牙周病可改善肝功能

日本一研究小组日前报告说,非酒精性脂肪变性肝炎患者携带牙周病致病菌的比例是健康者的近4倍,通过治疗牙周病,能够大幅改善肝功能。虽然此前的研究表明牙周病与心脏病和脑中风存在一定关系,但是发现其与肝炎存在关联还是首次。研究小组带头人、横滨市立大学教授中岛淳对媒体说：＂为避免脂肪肝发展成肝炎,保持口腔卫生非常重要。＂

治牙病,肝也沾光

日本研究小组报告，非酒精性脂肪变性肝炎患者携带牙周病致病菌的比例是健康者的近4倍，而通过治疗牙周病，能够大幅改善肝功能。虽然此前的研究表明牙周病与心脏病和脑中风存在一定关系，但是发现其与肝炎存在关联还是首次。研究人员表示，为避免脂肪肝发展成肝炎，保持口腔卫生非常重要。

聚合酶链反应直接检测粪便中志贺菌的临床意义

近年来志贺菌在众多的腹泻病致病菌中仍然具有较高的发病率[1].在基层部队常常引起急性细菌性痢疾(急性菌痢),并时呈集体暴发流行.应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测志贺菌已早有报道,但应用于临床实际诊断的研究报道不多.本文采用PCR和长臂光敏生物素探针杂交技术对2起急性菌痢,共17例进行了检测,进一步探讨PCR用于临床腹泻病诊断的实用性.

Isolation and Identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Pears and Its Biological Characteristics

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the biological characteristics of Col etotrichum gloeosporioides in pears. [Method] Twenty-five C. gloeosporioides strains were isolated and identified from the diseased samples. Their pathogenicity was identified by inoculating the surface of punctured pears with fungal discs. The effects of different temperatures, pH values, carbon sources and nitrogen sources on the growth of C. gloeosporioides mycelia were explored by incubating fungal discs on the center of plates. [Result] Among the twenty-five C. gloeosporioides strains, three had strong pathogenicity, and eighteen had intermediate pathogenicity, and four strains had weak pathogenicity. Those highly-pathogenic strains had darker colonies, with dense mycelia, whereas those lowly-pathogenic ones had white colonies, with sparse mycelia. Those with fast-growing colonies showed strong pathogenicity, while those with slowly-growing colonies displayed weak pathogenicity. There was no relationship between conidia yield and pathogenicity. The optimum temperature for the growth of C. gloeosporioides mycelia was 25-30 ℃, and the optimum pH was 5.0-7.0. C. gloeosporioides could make use of various carbon sources （monosaccharide and disaccharide）, inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, and the optimal carbon source and nitrogen source were sucrose and beef extract, respectively. [Conclusion] Our study benefits further understanding of C. gloeospori-oides and helps to control pear anthracnose more effectively.

Study on Pathogenicity Difference of Plasmodiophora brassicae Under Different Temperature and pH Conditions

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity of Plasmodiophora brassicae on cabbage grown under different temperature and soil pH conditions. [Method] The pathogenicity of P. brassicae were tested at seven different temperatures and at six different soil pH values with the resting spore concentration of lx108 （spores/g） in the soil. The plant survival rate and incidence rate of clubroot were investigated after 90 d. [Result] The incidence rate of clubroot on cabbage among the different temperature sets varied in a descending order as follows： 30 ℃〉25 ℃〉20 ℃〉35 ℃〉15 ℃〉10 ℃〉5 ℃ at soil pH value of 6, indicating that the pathogenicity of P. brassicae was weak at 5 and 10 ~（3. The incidence rate increased with soil temperature increasing from 15 to 30 ℃, but decreased at 35 ℃. The incidence rates of clubroot were 80.36%, 100%, 65%, 10.77%, 3.23% and 0% at soil pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 at 25 ℃, respectively. The growth of cabbage was inhibited and the survival rate was reduced at pH 4.The incidence rates of clubroot were low at pH value of 7 and 8, and was 0% at pH 9. The Chinese cabbage grew better at pH value of 5 and 6, but had high incidence rates of clubroot. [Conclusion] The results revealed that the incidence rate of clubroot on cabbage was closely related to the temperature and soil pH.

Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci for Pathogenic Strain Pi-1 of Resistance to Rice False Smut in Rice(Oryza sativa)

In order to identify the resistant gene of rice false smut in rice, a recombi- nant inbred line （RILs） population with 157 lines derived from an inter-subspecies cross of Daguandao/IR28 by the single seed descent method was used to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） conferring resistance to strain Pi-1 of rice false smut caused by Usti/aginoiclea virens （Cooke） Takahashi in 2012 and 2013. The disease rate indexes of the two parents and 157 RILs caused by the strain Pi-1 of rice false smut were scored and the QTLs for rice false smut resistance were detected accordingly by QTL Cartographer software. Seven QTLs controlling false smut re- sistance were detected on chromosomes 2, 7, 8, 11 and 12, respectively, with the phenotypic variance of 8.5%-17.2%. There were four QTLs detected in 2012 and 2013, respectively, and only one QTL was found in both two years, the phenotypic variation explained by this individual QTL was 13.5% and 17.2%, and the additive effects of this QTL contributed to the 9.9% and 14.3% decrease of disease index and therefore the disease resistance increased. The direction of the additive effects at five loci qFsr2a, qFsr8a, qFsr8b, qFsr11 and qFsr12 coincided with that predicted by phenotypes of the parents, and the IR28 alleles at these loci had positive effect against rice false smut while the negative effects were found in Daguandao alleles at qFsr2b and qFsr7. The qFsr11 should be useful in rice breeding for resistance to rice false smut in marker-assisted selection （MAS） program.

Study on Population Genetic Structure and Pathogenicity of Ustilaginoidea virens from Anhui Province

In order to determine population genetic structure and pathogenicity of Ustilaginoidea virens in the major rice-growing areas of Anhui Province, total 92 U. virens strains were collected from 28 rice-planting counties （cities） of Anhui Province. Their genetic diversity was analyzed by using REP-PCR （repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR）, and pathogenicity was determined with artificial inoculation method. The results showed that U. virens in rice-growing regions of Anhui Province had a rich genetic diversity. At the similarity level of 0.76, the 92 U. virens strains could be classified into 7 groups. Significant differences were found in pathogenicity among the 24 U. virens strains belonging to different groups, which showed no association with territorial source of U. virens strain or cluster method adopted by this study. Strain pathogenicity and rice varieties showed significant specificity.

探讨老年肺炎患者临床诊断中检验血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、以及D-二聚体(D-D)水平的临床价值

目的探讨老年肺炎患者临床诊断中检验血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、以及D-二聚体(D-D)水平的临床价值。方法随机选择该院2015年1月—2016年12月期间收治的50例老年肺炎病例为观察组研究对象,并以同期自愿参与研究的50名健康老年体检者为对照组研究对象,比较两组血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、以及D-二聚体(D-D)水平。结果观察组老年患者血清CRP(103.2±23.4)mg/L、ESR(35.8±6.5)μg/L、D-D(1 152.4±43.1)mm/h水平均显著高于对照组(8.9±1.2)mg/L、(10.2±1.4)μg/L、(182.6±14.8)mm/h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。将观察组以80岁为临界值分组,80岁以上患者CRP(102.4±21.8)mg/L、ESR(34.8±5.8)μg/L、D-D(1 148.7±45.2)mm/h与80岁以下患者(103.8±22.1)mg/L、(35.4±6.2)μg/L、(1 142.3±43.9)mm/h,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论临床上可行血清C反应蛋白、血沉及D-二聚体检测来诊断老年肺炎的情况,为治疗和预后提供有效依据。