Herbal pesticides refer to the active ingredients extracted from herbs which are used for pest and disease control in crops or pure substances isolated from them. They are of great significance for the production of p...Herbal pesticides refer to the active ingredients extracted from herbs which are used for pest and disease control in crops or pure substances isolated from them. They are of great significance for the production of pollution-free agricultural products, as well as for exploiting the abundant plant resources in China for the prevention and control of pests. In this paper, the advantages of herbal pesticides,such as being environment-friendly, diverse patterns of action, safety for higher animals and the natural enemies of pests and making it hard for pests to produce resistance were first stated; then, Chinese herbal medicine resources with antibacterial and insecticidal activities from 49 families and their functions were reviewed, and 19kinds of herbal pesticides that have been developed and applied in China and seven kinds that have been produced on a large scale were also introduced; finally,three issues deserving further exploration during the development and application of herbal pesticides were presented, that is, research in variety selection and cultivation of herbs, and methods for extraction of active ingredients; basic research in the structure identification of herbal active ingredients, and the relationship between plant variety and active ingredients; development of lead compounds based on herbal active ingredients.展开更多
Processing cow manure into biogas is a solution to reduce air pollutant, because it reduces the smell of the manure up to 70%. Besides producing biogas, the sludge of biodigester can also serve as solid and liquid fer...Processing cow manure into biogas is a solution to reduce air pollutant, because it reduces the smell of the manure up to 70%. Besides producing biogas, the sludge of biodigester can also serve as solid and liquid fertilizer. The solid fertilizer can be used as carder of entomopathogenic fungi to control the pest which lives underground. The research aimed to investigate the benefits of biodigester sludge as fertilizer and carrier of entomopathogenic fungi （Cordyceps sp.） to control white grub pest. The use of organic fertilizer and pesticide in the cultivation can minimize the environmental hazard. The method used in the study was completely randomized design with four treatments, which were the addition of Cordyceps sp. corn media as much as 0, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sludge. Every addition was repeated three times to corn planted in a tub. To examine the effect of the treatments, the data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan test was applied when differences occurred between treatments. The results of the research showed that the nutrients contained in the manure which had been processed into biogas were not lost. The plants cultivated in the planting medium supplemented with sludge grew healthier, bigger, taller and had stronger and longer roots. On the contrary, the plants cultivated without sludge addition were vulnerable to white grub attack. The Cordyceps sp., which was added into the sludge, was effective to control the white grub. The concentration of Cordyceps sp. as much as 20 g/kg of sludge in corn planting medium was the most effective concentration to control white grub pest.展开更多
基金Supported by the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(2010DFA32810)~~
文摘Herbal pesticides refer to the active ingredients extracted from herbs which are used for pest and disease control in crops or pure substances isolated from them. They are of great significance for the production of pollution-free agricultural products, as well as for exploiting the abundant plant resources in China for the prevention and control of pests. In this paper, the advantages of herbal pesticides,such as being environment-friendly, diverse patterns of action, safety for higher animals and the natural enemies of pests and making it hard for pests to produce resistance were first stated; then, Chinese herbal medicine resources with antibacterial and insecticidal activities from 49 families and their functions were reviewed, and 19kinds of herbal pesticides that have been developed and applied in China and seven kinds that have been produced on a large scale were also introduced; finally,three issues deserving further exploration during the development and application of herbal pesticides were presented, that is, research in variety selection and cultivation of herbs, and methods for extraction of active ingredients; basic research in the structure identification of herbal active ingredients, and the relationship between plant variety and active ingredients; development of lead compounds based on herbal active ingredients.
文摘Processing cow manure into biogas is a solution to reduce air pollutant, because it reduces the smell of the manure up to 70%. Besides producing biogas, the sludge of biodigester can also serve as solid and liquid fertilizer. The solid fertilizer can be used as carder of entomopathogenic fungi to control the pest which lives underground. The research aimed to investigate the benefits of biodigester sludge as fertilizer and carrier of entomopathogenic fungi （Cordyceps sp.） to control white grub pest. The use of organic fertilizer and pesticide in the cultivation can minimize the environmental hazard. The method used in the study was completely randomized design with four treatments, which were the addition of Cordyceps sp. corn media as much as 0, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sludge. Every addition was repeated three times to corn planted in a tub. To examine the effect of the treatments, the data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan test was applied when differences occurred between treatments. The results of the research showed that the nutrients contained in the manure which had been processed into biogas were not lost. The plants cultivated in the planting medium supplemented with sludge grew healthier, bigger, taller and had stronger and longer roots. On the contrary, the plants cultivated without sludge addition were vulnerable to white grub attack. The Cordyceps sp., which was added into the sludge, was effective to control the white grub. The concentration of Cordyceps sp. as much as 20 g/kg of sludge in corn planting medium was the most effective concentration to control white grub pest.
