髓母细胞瘤 Ⅰ.218例病理形态学分析

自从Bailey与Cushing(1926)发表中枢神经系统肿瘤的命名和分类以来,髓母细胞瘤已有许多报告[1~7],对这一肿瘤的组织结构和生物学特性进行了研究,特别是对组织结构和预后的关系方面存在分歧意见。本文通过对218例髓母细胞瘤的观察,分析其病理形态特征,并对鉴别诊断和它的生物学特性方面加以讨论。

焦花粉母细胞和花粉发育过程中细胞重建的初步观察

焦花粉母细胞和花粉发育过程中细胞重建的初步观察杨俊慧，潘坤清，陈健辉，陈桦（广州师范学院生物系，５１０４００）生物体内的细胞重建现象自贝时漳在南京丰年虫中间性个体中发现以来，先后在鸡胚、小鼠骨髓、沙眼衣原体中陆续发现。张锦珠等则在研究大豆根瘤发育过程...

上颌窦、鼻咽及筛窦非洲淋巴瘤一例

自1958年Burkitt氏首先描述发生于非洲儿童中之一种恶性淋巴瘤至今已29年。此型恶性淋巴瘤我国已有少数报告,现将吉林省籍儿童本症1例报告于后。 患者,男,9岁,病者号84—1450,于1984年2月27日入院。

T-区淋巴瘤临床及病理形态学探讨

自从Lukes和Collins等(1974)提出恶性淋巴瘤的功能性分类后,我们即注意到T-淋巴细胞瘤的形态特点。根据Lennert等对T-区淋巴瘤所描述的临床及病理组织形态学特征,将过去我院病理诊断为恶性淋巴瘤的病例,进行回顾性复查,并把临床及组织形态符合T-区淋巴瘤的病例加以详细观察分析,目的在于寻求T-区淋巴瘤瘤细胞的特点,以提高对T-淋巴细胞瘤的认识。

蹠骨原发性恶性血管内皮瘤一例报告

恶性血管内皮瘤常发于软组织,原发于骨的极为罕见。本例发生在蹠骨,迄今尚未见报道。我院收治1例报告如下。患者,男,13岁。因左脚外侧肿痛,局部发热2月余,行走疼痛加剧半月。

denosumab治疗前后骨巨细胞瘤组织形态及分子表型分析

目的探讨骨巨细胞瘤denosumab治疗前后组织学形态与分子表型的改变。方法收集2017年1月至2019年12月就诊于北京积水潭医院的10例经denosumab治疗的骨巨细胞瘤病例,行光镜观察。EnVision二步法免疫组织化学进行H3.3、RANK、RANKL的表达检测,采用Sanger测序法检测H3F3A基因的突变类型。结果10例患者包括女性6例,男性4例,年龄20~62岁(平均年龄34岁)。其中发病部位在骶骨有5例,在股骨、桡骨、胫骨、肩胛骨及髌骨各有1例。术前使用denosumab治疗3~6个月。4例患者分别于术后5、6、11、14个月复发,其余术后经随访4~24个月未见复发。denosumab治疗后骨巨细胞瘤表现为巨细胞消失伴显著的新骨形成。治疗后复发病例表现为经典巨细胞瘤结构的复现并伴有denosumab治疗后的成骨形态。免疫组织化学H3.3染色10例均显示治疗前后一致性的瘤细胞核表达,RANK表达于多核巨细胞与单核细胞,RANKL表达于肿瘤细胞。Sanger测序显示所有病例均存在H3F3A G34W突变。结论通过对denosumab治疗前后骨巨细胞瘤组织形态及RANK、RANKL、H3.3免疫表型辅助分析,显示骨巨细胞瘤的细胞组成,并能对denosumab的治疗机制进行深入理解。

大叶猪屎青碱对几株实验性肿瘤的作用及其毒性观察(初步报告)

据山东、浙江等地报道,豆科植物“农吉利”对鳞状上皮癌有一定的疗效。中国科学院武汉植物园的同志发现我省有农吉利的同科植物大叶猪屎青(Crotalaria assamica Benth)的生长,并从其种子中提取出有效成分的结晶(含量为3%),定名为“大叶猪屎青碱”。经化学分析它可能与农吉利碱Ⅰ、农吉利甲素及野百合碱为同一物质。我们对大叶猪屎青碱的抗肿瘤作用及其毒性进行了初步的实验研究,现将其结果摘要如下。

乳腺导管原位癌的病理诊断

乳腺导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)是一种局限于乳腺导管内的上皮增生性病变,不向周围浸润,不转移,部分病例不经治疗会发展成为浸润性导管癌。但是,由于肿块一般较小或未形成明显的可触及的肿块,多不易被发现。国外,随高质量的乳腺摄影技术的广泛开展,临床DCIS的发现率由过去的0.8％上升到5％左右,有的地区甚至占临床诊断病例的1/4。由于DCIS的临床治愈率可达100％,同时至少有一部分DCIS不经治疗会发展成为浸润性导管癌,此外,DCIS与乳腺良性病变——导管上皮异型增生的鉴别诊断问题等,有必要熟悉和掌握DCIS的病理诊断标准。

Study of Multi-directional Derivation of Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells and Observation of Killing Activity to MGC-803 Gastric Cancer Cell Strain In Vitro

Objective： To study multi-directional derivation of cord blood mononuclear cells to CD3AK, LAK and CIK cells as well as changes of killing activity to gastric cancer cell strain in vitro. Methods： CD3mAb and IL-2 were used to induce CD3AK cells, and IL-2 was used to induce LAK cells; IFN-γ was used in the beginning, then IL-1, CD3mAb and IL-2 were used to induce CIK cells after 24 h for observing amplification and analyzing their relationship. The phenotypes of the cultured CIK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Subsequently, by using MGC-803 gastric cancer cell strain as target cells, the killing activity of CD3AK, LAK and CIK cells was evaluated by using MTT method. Results： The amplification activity of CD3AK and CIK cells was all far higher than LAK cells （P〈0.05）. The amplification activity had no obvious difference between CIK cells and CD3AK cells at prophase, but that was far higher in CIK cells than CD3AK cells at about 20^th day （P〈0.05）. The flow cytometry revealed that the amount of CD3^＋ CD56^＋ cells, major effector cells after CIK cells being cultured was significantly increased （P〈0.05）, moreover, the amount of CD8^＋ cells was significantly increased as well （P〈0.05）. The killing activities of CD3AK and CIK cells to the MGC-803 gastric cancer cell strain were all significantly higher than LAK cells, while the killing activity of CIK cells was stronger than CD3AK cells （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： CIK cells have stronger amplification activity and killing activity, and can be taken as more effective killing cells applied to the tumor adoptive immunotherapy.

脐尿管腺癌一例报告

脐尿管腺癌临床少见，本院1999年收治一例，现报告如下。

Folate-conjugated Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles for in vivo tumor labeling

Highly biocompatible superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by amide of folic acid （FA） ligands and the NH2-group onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The as-synthesized folate-conjugated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, FT-IR spectrometer, vibrating sample magnetometer, and dynamic light scattering instrument. The in vivo labeling effect of folate-conjugated Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the hepatoma cells was investigated in tumor-bearing rat. The results demonstrate that the as-prepared nanoparticles have cubic structure of Fe3O4 with a particle size of about 8 nm and hydrated diameter of 25.7 nm at a saturation magnetization of 51 A·m2/kg. These nanoparticles possess good physiological stability, low cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblasts and negligible effect on Wistar rats at the concentration as high as 3 mg/kg body mass. The folate-conjugated Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be effectively mediated into the human hepatoma Bel 7402 cells through the binding of folate and folic acid receptor, enhancing the signal contrast of tumor tissue and surrounding normal tissue in MRI imaging. It is in favor of the tumor cells labeling, tracing, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） target detection and magnetic hyperthermia.

前列腺癌的组织病理学诊断与鉴别诊断

前列腺癌95％以上为腺癌，其余为移行细胞癌、鳞癌和肉瘤等。前列腺任何部位都可发生癌，但绝大多数发生于外周带。前列腺腺泡是从尿道向四周呈放射排列的结构，癌变时组织学差异极大，破坏了腺体的排列。分化差的前列腺癌，其组织像远远偏离正常前列腺组织学，诊断并不困难，但分化好的前列腺癌非常接近正常前列腺组织，往往诊断困难，主要表现为导管、腺泡结构的紊乱，瘤细胞核的间变和浸润现象。近年来，

Membrane redistributions through multi-intercellular exchanges and serial trogocytosis

Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one acceptor cell type. Here, we studied trogocytosis in a more complex system, involving not only several immune cell subsets but also multiple tumor cells. We show that CD4~ T cells, CD8＋ T cells and monocytes can acquire membrane patches and the intact proteins they contain from different tumor cells by multiple simultaneous trogocytoses. The trogocytic ca- pabilities of CD4~ and CD8~ T cells were found to be similar, but inferior to that of autologous monocytes. Activated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） may also exchange membranes between themselves in an all-autolo- gous system. For this reason, monocytes are capable of acquiring membranes from multiple tumor cell sources, and transfer them again to autologous T cells, along with some of their own membranes （serial trogocytosis）. Our data illustrate the extent of membrane exchanges between autologous activated immune effector cells and their environ- ment, and how the cellular content of the local environment, including ＂bystander＂ cells, may impact the functions of immune effector cells.

Raman spectra of single cell from gastrointestinal cancer patients

AIM: To explore the difference between cancer cells and normal cells, we investigated the Raman spectra of singlecells from gastrointestinal cancer patients. METHODS: All samples were obtained from 30 diagnosed as gastrointestinal cancer patients. The flesh tumor specimen is located in the center of tumor tissue, while the normal ones were 5 cm away from the outside tumor section. The imprint was put under the microscope and a single cell was chosen for Raman measurement. All spectra were collected at confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (British Renishaw) with NIR 780 nm laser.RESULTS: We measured the Raman spectra of several cells from gastrointestinal cancer patients. The result shows that there exists the strong line at 1 002/cm with less half-width assigned to the phenylalanine in several cells. The Raman lines of white cell were lower and less, while those of red cell were not only higher in intensity and more abundant, but also had a parti cular C-N breathing stretching band of pyrrole ring at 1 620-1 540/cm. The line at 1 084/cm assigned to phosphate backbone of DNA became obviously weaker in cancer cell. The Raman spectra of stomach cancer cells were similar to those of normal cells, but the Raman intensity of cancer cells was much lower than that of normal cells, and even some lines disappear. The lines of enteric cancer cells became weaker than spectra above and many lines disappeared, and the cancer cells in different position had different fluorescence intensity.CONCLUSION: The Raman spectra of several cells from cancer patients show that the structural changes of cancer cells happen and many bonds rupture so that the biological function of cells are lost. The results indicate that Raman spectra can offer the experiment basis for the cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Mechanism of anti-tumor effect of HIF-1α silencing on cervical cancer in nude mice

Objective： The aim of our study was to observe the anti-tumor effect of silencing the expression of HIF-1α on cervical cancer in nude mice and to explore its mechanism of action. Methods： Human cervical cancer cell line Siha cells were divided into 3 groups： mock control group, control group transfected with scrambled sequence plasmid, and experimental group transfected with pU-HIF-la-shRNA eukaryotic expression plasmid. Cultured cells of the three groups were inoculated in nude mice to establish cervical cancer-bearing nude mice. HIF-la RNAi assay was performed to evaluate the tumor-suppressive effect of HIF-1α silencing on cervical cancer-bearing nude mice. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to observe the distribution and protein expression of HIF-1α and GLUT1, while RT-PCR was adopted to detect the gene expression of HIF-1α, GLUTI and HK I1. The product of glycolysis （tactic acid） and apoptosis in tumor cells were detected by colorimetry and semi-quantitative TUNEL staining, respectively. Results： The tumor growth in experimental group was significantly slower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）. In the 50th day after transplantation, the tumor weight in the experimental group was （1.90 ± 0.28） g, significantly lower than （2.95 ± 0.77） g in the control group and （2.54 ± 0.56） g in the mock group （P 〈 0.01）. In the experimental group, the gene and protein levels of HIF-1α were 0.45 ± 0.04 and 1.25 ± 0.92, and the levels of GLUT1 were 0.32 ± 0.02 and 1.25 ± 0.48, respectively. Both indicators in HIF-la and GLUT1 were lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）. The expression levels of HK Ⅱ gene and lactic acid in the experimental group were lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）, but the apoptotic cells were much more numerous in the experimental group than that in matched control groups （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The 9ene therapy by siRNAtargeted silencing of HIF-1α may down-regulate its downstream genes GLUT1 and HK Ⅱ expression, therefore, to reduce the tumor glycolysis activity and promote tumor cell apoptosis, and exert a tumor-suppressing effect in vivo.

Phosphorylation and biosynthesis of high molecular weight proteins of tumor nuclear matrix

Our previous studies showed a predominance of high molecular weight protein group in tumor nuclear matrices. Contrary to normal cells, proteins of this group are preferentially phosphorylated. Phosphoproteins of hepatoma nuclear matrix are selectively subjected to rapid proteolysis. By alkali treatment and a monoclonal antibody against phosphotyrosyl residue the presence of two high molecular weight bands of phosphotyrosyl-containing proteins was detected in nuclear matrices of tumor but not of normal liver cells. High molecular weight protein group of tumor nuclear matrices revealed also a rapid turnover and preferential incorporation of labeled amino acids selectively inhibited by chloramphenicol.

Unexpected discovery of 2 cases of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α-mutated infracentimetic adenomatosis

We present 2 cases of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α)-mutated adenomatosis, discovered for reasons unrelated to this disease, and identified using immunohistochemical methods. These new tools may further our understanding of the link between adenomas/adenomatosis subtypes and their complications, and their association with other abnormalities.