[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal(Bos frontalis).[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorgan...[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal(Bos frontalis).[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganisms of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.[Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical body form and very good meat production performance,its muscle fiber diameter was significantly less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle(Bos taurus)and wild cattle(Bos gaurus),and the amounts of those chromosomes(2n)were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal's special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51×109 and 1.63×109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.[Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value.展开更多
AIM. To study the differential gene expression profiles of target cells in primary gastric cancer and its metastatic lymph nodes using laser microdissection (LMD) in combination with cDNA microarray. METHODS: Norma...AIM. To study the differential gene expression profiles of target cells in primary gastric cancer and its metastatic lymph nodes using laser microdissection (LMD) in combination with cDNA microarray. METHODS: Normal gastric tissue samples from 30 healthy individuals, 36 cancer tissue samples from primary gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastasis tissue samples from 58 patients during gastric cancer resection were obtained using LMD in combination with cDNA microarray independently. After P27-based amplification, aRNA from 36 of 58 patients (group 1) with lymph node metastasis and metastatic tissue specimens from the remaining 22 patients (group 2) were applied to cDNA microarray. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and imrnunohistochemical assay verified the results of microarray in group 2 and further identified genes differentially expressed in the progression of gastric cancer. RESULTS: The expression of 10 genes was up-regulated while the expression of 15 genes was down-regulated in 22 gastric carcinoma samples compared with that of genes in the normal controls. The results were confirmed at the level of mRNA and protein, and suggested that four genes (OPCML, RNASE1, YES1 and ACK1) could play a key role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer. The expression pattern of 3 genes (OPCML, RNASE1 and YES1) was similar to tumor suppressor genes. For example, the expression level of these genes was the highest in normal gastric epithelium, which was decreased in primary carcinoma, and further decreased in metastatic lymph nodes. On the contrary, the expression pattern of gene ACK1 was similar to that of oncogene. Four genes were further identified as differentially expressed genes in the majority of the cases in the progression of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: LMD in combination with cDNA microaro ray provides a unique support foe the identification of early expression profiles of differential genes and the expression pattern of 3 genes (OPCML, RNASE1 and YES1) associated with the progression of gastric cancer. Further study is needed to reveal the molecular mechanism of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67 and p53 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and its relationship with histopathological parameter...AIM: To investigate the expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67 and p53 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and its relationship with histopathological parameters. METHODS: Twenty-five GISTs were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. c-kit, CD34, SMA, S-100 protein, COX-2, PCNA, Ki-67 and p53 were detected immunohistochemically and the relationship was evaluated among histopathologic parameters such as mitotic index (MI), tumor grade, tumor size, COX-2, PCNA, Ki-67 and p53. RESULTS: COX-2 protein expression was found in 19 of 25 (76%) of the tumors, and expression was noted in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. p53 was significantly related to MI and tumor grade but no relationship was found between COX-2, proliferation markers and MI, tumor grade and tumor size. CONCLUSION: COX-2 is expressed in most GISTs and it may play an important role in the proliferation and progression of these tumors or a useful marker to identify GIST. Although immunohistochemical assessment of p53 can be used for distinguishing the risk groups of GISTs, tumor size and mitotic rate should be considered at the same time.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of 2-(8-hydroxy-6- methoxy-l-oxo-lH-2-benzopyran-3-yl) propionic acid (NM-3) alone and in combination with carboplatin on tumor growth and apoptosis in mouse models of human gastri...AIM: To investigate the effects of 2-(8-hydroxy-6- methoxy-l-oxo-lH-2-benzopyran-3-yl) propionic acid (NM-3) alone and in combination with carboplatin on tumor growth and apoptosis in mouse models of human gastric cancer constructed by subcutaneous implantation of histologically intact tumor tissue. METHODS: Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 tissues were implanted into the dorsal subcutis of nude mice. One week after tumors reached to a volume of 50-100 mm3 for around 1 wk, these mice were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 10). NM-3 was injected peritoneally at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg every other day for 5 wk, combined with carboplatin (5 mg/kg) every third day for 4 wk. As controls of combined treatment, another 4 groups of mice were injected with either NM-3 at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg, or with carboplatin alone (5 mg/kg). The control mice received normal saline. Tumor weight, tumor growth inhibition (TGI), and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) were evaluated. Apoptosis of human gastric cancer was detected by TUNEL method and flow o/tometry analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The mean tumor volume (692.40 ± 58.43 mm3, 548.30 ± 66.02 mm3, 382.13 ± 43.52 mm3) after treatment with carboplatin combined NM-3 at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg was lower than that after treatment with either NM-3 at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg or with carboplatin alone. Compared with the normal saline group, NM-3 administered at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg significantly reduced the tumor weight in these groups (P 〈 0.05). Carboplatin used alone at 5 mg/kg showed minimal effects. But NM-3 in combination with carboplatin had greater effects of tumor weight than either NM-3 or carboplatin alone. NM-3 alone at the dose 10 mg/kg or in combination with carboplatin had no obvious effects on body changes. Two mice died of diarrhea in each of the two groups treated with 40 mg/kg NM-3 or with 40 mg/kg NM-3 in combination with carboplatin. A significant increase in apoptosis was observed in the NM-3 treated groups, and the effect was more significant in the groups treated with carboplatin in combination with NM-3 at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, than in the control group. The induction of apoptosis was positively associated with the dose of NM-3. NM-3 significantly reduced the neomicrovascular formation of gastric cancer. The MVD was lower in the groups treated with NM-3 or with NM-3 in combination with carboplatin than in the group treated with carboplatin or in the normal saline group (P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the inhibitory effect of NM-3 on gastric cancer growth is mediated through decreased angiogenesis and the increased induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, NM-3 alone at the dose of 10 mg/kg or in combination with carboplatin has no obvious effects on body changes, indicating that NM-3 in combination with carboplatin may be effective in the treatment of gastric cancer. The toxicity of NM-3 needs further studies.展开更多
Trillions of microbes have evolved with and continue to live on and within human beings. A variety of environmental factors can affect intestinal microbial imbalance, which has a close relationship with human health a...Trillions of microbes have evolved with and continue to live on and within human beings. A variety of environmental factors can affect intestinal microbial imbalance, which has a close relationship with human health and disease. Here, we focus on the interactions between the human microbiota and the host in order to provide an overview of the microbial role in basic biological processes and in the development and progression of major human diseases such as infectious diseases, liver diseases, gastrointestinal cancers, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, mental or psychological diseases, and autoimmune diseases. We also review important advances in techniques associated with microbial research, such as DNA sequencing, metabonomics, and proteomics combined with computation-based bioinformatics.Current research on the human microbiota has become much more sophisticated and more comprehensive.Therefore, we propose that research should focus on the host-microbe interaction and on causeeffect mechanisms, which could pave the way to an understanding of the role of gut microbiota in health and disease, and provide new therapeutic targets and treatment approaches in clinical practice.展开更多
The objective was to evaluate effects of rumen-protected methionine (RP-Met) supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous (2.2 - 0.4...The objective was to evaluate effects of rumen-protected methionine (RP-Met) supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous (2.2 - 0.40 parity) Holstein dairy cows, averaged 620 ± 12.3 kg of BW, 68 ± 2.5 day in milk and daily milk production averaged 26.0 ±0.3 kg/cow were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were: control (without RP-Met), LRP-Met, MRP-Met and HRP-Met with 20, 40 and 60 g RP-Met per cow per day, respectively. RP-Met was hand-mixed into the top one-third of the daily ration. Experimental periods were 30 days with 15 d of adaptation and 15 d of sampling. Dry matter (DM) intake and milk yields were not affected (P 〉 0.05) with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Yields of 4%FCM, ECM, milk fat and milk protein were higher (P 〈 0.03) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically (P 〈 0.05) changed due to the higher percentage of milk fat and protein for RP-Met supplementation than control (P 〈 0.03). Ruminal pH tended to be lower (P = 0.071) for RP-Met supplementation than control, whereas total VFA concentration tended to be higher (P = 0.086) for RP-Met supplementation than control. Ratio of acetate to propionate decreased linearly (P = 0.001) from 4.01 to 3.57 as RP-Met supplementation increased due to the increase in propionate production. Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF in the total tract were higher (P 〈 0.05) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically (P 〈 0.05) increased with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Plasma concentrations of glucose not affected (P 〉 0.05) with RP-Met supplementation, Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were significantly lower (P = 0.017) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly (P = 0.011) changed. Plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate tended to be lower (P = 0.068) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly (P = 0.001) changed. The present results indicate that supplementation of diet with RP-Met improved the content of milk fat and protein, rumen fermentation and feed digestion, decreased plasma concentrations of NEFA. It was suggested that the RP-Met stimulated the digestive microorganisms or enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum RP-Met dose was about 25 g RP-Met per cow per day.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on the intestinal flora in Parkinson disease(PD)model mice and explore the mechanism of acupuncture in improving the locomotor function in PD.Methods Thirty-two C57BL/6 m...Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on the intestinal flora in Parkinson disease(PD)model mice and explore the mechanism of acupuncture in improving the locomotor function in PD.Methods Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group,a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)group,a MPTP+acupuncture group(MPTP+A),and a MPTP+madopar group(MPTP+M),with 8 mice in each group.Except for the control group,the other groups were intraperitoneally injected[25 mg/(kg·bw)]with MPTP to establish PD mouse models.After successful modeling,the MPTP group received no intervention,the MPTP+A received acupuncture at Tianshu(ST25),Guanyuan(CV4),and Zusanli(ST36),and the MPTP+M was given madopar[125 mg/(kg·bw)]by intragastric gavage.After consecutive 10-day interventions,the intestinal function and behaviors of the mice were detected.The 16S rRNA gene sequence was used to analyze the composition of fecal intestinal flora in each group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the brain and serum.The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)andα-synuclein in the substantia nigra(SN)were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Toll-like receptor(TLR)2 and lipopolysaccharide receptor CD14(CD14)in the SN were determined by RT-qPCR.Myeloid differentiation factor(MyD)88,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and Akt1 in the SN were detected by Western blotting.Results After the intervention,compared with the control group,the intestinal motility,fecal water content,and the expression of TH in the SN were significantly decreased in the MPTP group(P<0.05),along with an increasedα-synuclein expression(P<0.05).Additionally,the results of the fecal microflora test showed that the alpha diversity of the MPTP decreased,and the levels of inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6]in the serum and SN,and the expression of NF-κB in the SN were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the MPTP group,acupuncture intervention significantly enhanced the autonomous horizontal movement and coordination ability of PD mice(P<0.05);acupuncture and madopar interventions significantly reduced the levels ofα-synuclein,inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,iNOS,IL-1β,and IL-6)in the serum and SN,and the NF-κB expression in the SN,along with significantly increased alpha diversity richness index(P<0.05).In addition,the relative abundance of Bacteroides increased significantly in the MPTP+A(P<0.05),while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture intervention can improve locomotor function,reduceα-synuclein aggregation and inflammatory factors expression,and increase the Akt signaling pathway in PD mice.In addition,acupuncture intervention can benignly regulate the intestinal flora of PD mice.Therefore,it suggests that acupuncture intervention can protect PD model mice probably by regulating intestinal flora and activating Akt signaling pathway.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960256,31060314)Project of Yunnan Education Department(V09Y0202)~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal(Bos frontalis).[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganisms of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.[Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical body form and very good meat production performance,its muscle fiber diameter was significantly less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle(Bos taurus)and wild cattle(Bos gaurus),and the amounts of those chromosomes(2n)were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal's special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51×109 and 1.63×109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.[Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, No02ZB14072
文摘AIM. To study the differential gene expression profiles of target cells in primary gastric cancer and its metastatic lymph nodes using laser microdissection (LMD) in combination with cDNA microarray. METHODS: Normal gastric tissue samples from 30 healthy individuals, 36 cancer tissue samples from primary gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastasis tissue samples from 58 patients during gastric cancer resection were obtained using LMD in combination with cDNA microarray independently. After P27-based amplification, aRNA from 36 of 58 patients (group 1) with lymph node metastasis and metastatic tissue specimens from the remaining 22 patients (group 2) were applied to cDNA microarray. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and imrnunohistochemical assay verified the results of microarray in group 2 and further identified genes differentially expressed in the progression of gastric cancer. RESULTS: The expression of 10 genes was up-regulated while the expression of 15 genes was down-regulated in 22 gastric carcinoma samples compared with that of genes in the normal controls. The results were confirmed at the level of mRNA and protein, and suggested that four genes (OPCML, RNASE1, YES1 and ACK1) could play a key role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer. The expression pattern of 3 genes (OPCML, RNASE1 and YES1) was similar to tumor suppressor genes. For example, the expression level of these genes was the highest in normal gastric epithelium, which was decreased in primary carcinoma, and further decreased in metastatic lymph nodes. On the contrary, the expression pattern of gene ACK1 was similar to that of oncogene. Four genes were further identified as differentially expressed genes in the majority of the cases in the progression of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: LMD in combination with cDNA microaro ray provides a unique support foe the identification of early expression profiles of differential genes and the expression pattern of 3 genes (OPCML, RNASE1 and YES1) associated with the progression of gastric cancer. Further study is needed to reveal the molecular mechanism of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67 and p53 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and its relationship with histopathological parameters. METHODS: Twenty-five GISTs were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. c-kit, CD34, SMA, S-100 protein, COX-2, PCNA, Ki-67 and p53 were detected immunohistochemically and the relationship was evaluated among histopathologic parameters such as mitotic index (MI), tumor grade, tumor size, COX-2, PCNA, Ki-67 and p53. RESULTS: COX-2 protein expression was found in 19 of 25 (76%) of the tumors, and expression was noted in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. p53 was significantly related to MI and tumor grade but no relationship was found between COX-2, proliferation markers and MI, tumor grade and tumor size. CONCLUSION: COX-2 is expressed in most GISTs and it may play an important role in the proliferation and progression of these tumors or a useful marker to identify GIST. Although immunohistochemical assessment of p53 can be used for distinguishing the risk groups of GISTs, tumor size and mitotic rate should be considered at the same time.
基金the Science foundation of Shanghai Public Health Administration,No.034045
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of 2-(8-hydroxy-6- methoxy-l-oxo-lH-2-benzopyran-3-yl) propionic acid (NM-3) alone and in combination with carboplatin on tumor growth and apoptosis in mouse models of human gastric cancer constructed by subcutaneous implantation of histologically intact tumor tissue. METHODS: Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 tissues were implanted into the dorsal subcutis of nude mice. One week after tumors reached to a volume of 50-100 mm3 for around 1 wk, these mice were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 10). NM-3 was injected peritoneally at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg every other day for 5 wk, combined with carboplatin (5 mg/kg) every third day for 4 wk. As controls of combined treatment, another 4 groups of mice were injected with either NM-3 at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg, or with carboplatin alone (5 mg/kg). The control mice received normal saline. Tumor weight, tumor growth inhibition (TGI), and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) were evaluated. Apoptosis of human gastric cancer was detected by TUNEL method and flow o/tometry analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The mean tumor volume (692.40 ± 58.43 mm3, 548.30 ± 66.02 mm3, 382.13 ± 43.52 mm3) after treatment with carboplatin combined NM-3 at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg was lower than that after treatment with either NM-3 at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg or with carboplatin alone. Compared with the normal saline group, NM-3 administered at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg significantly reduced the tumor weight in these groups (P 〈 0.05). Carboplatin used alone at 5 mg/kg showed minimal effects. But NM-3 in combination with carboplatin had greater effects of tumor weight than either NM-3 or carboplatin alone. NM-3 alone at the dose 10 mg/kg or in combination with carboplatin had no obvious effects on body changes. Two mice died of diarrhea in each of the two groups treated with 40 mg/kg NM-3 or with 40 mg/kg NM-3 in combination with carboplatin. A significant increase in apoptosis was observed in the NM-3 treated groups, and the effect was more significant in the groups treated with carboplatin in combination with NM-3 at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, than in the control group. The induction of apoptosis was positively associated with the dose of NM-3. NM-3 significantly reduced the neomicrovascular formation of gastric cancer. The MVD was lower in the groups treated with NM-3 or with NM-3 in combination with carboplatin than in the group treated with carboplatin or in the normal saline group (P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the inhibitory effect of NM-3 on gastric cancer growth is mediated through decreased angiogenesis and the increased induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, NM-3 alone at the dose of 10 mg/kg or in combination with carboplatin has no obvious effects on body changes, indicating that NM-3 in combination with carboplatin may be effective in the treatment of gastric cancer. The toxicity of NM-3 needs further studies.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2013CB531401), the Major Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province (2014C03039), and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (R16H260001). We acknowledge Doctors Chunlei Chen, Bo Li, Jing Guo, Ding Shi, Qiongling Bao, Silan Gu, Yanfei Chen, Kai Zhou, Qixiang Luo, Ruiqi Tang, and Xiangyang Jiang for the literature search and the preparation for the manuscript. We also thank the reviewers for their thoughtful and helpful comments.
文摘Trillions of microbes have evolved with and continue to live on and within human beings. A variety of environmental factors can affect intestinal microbial imbalance, which has a close relationship with human health and disease. Here, we focus on the interactions between the human microbiota and the host in order to provide an overview of the microbial role in basic biological processes and in the development and progression of major human diseases such as infectious diseases, liver diseases, gastrointestinal cancers, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, mental or psychological diseases, and autoimmune diseases. We also review important advances in techniques associated with microbial research, such as DNA sequencing, metabonomics, and proteomics combined with computation-based bioinformatics.Current research on the human microbiota has become much more sophisticated and more comprehensive.Therefore, we propose that research should focus on the host-microbe interaction and on causeeffect mechanisms, which could pave the way to an understanding of the role of gut microbiota in health and disease, and provide new therapeutic targets and treatment approaches in clinical practice.
文摘The objective was to evaluate effects of rumen-protected methionine (RP-Met) supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous (2.2 - 0.40 parity) Holstein dairy cows, averaged 620 ± 12.3 kg of BW, 68 ± 2.5 day in milk and daily milk production averaged 26.0 ±0.3 kg/cow were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were: control (without RP-Met), LRP-Met, MRP-Met and HRP-Met with 20, 40 and 60 g RP-Met per cow per day, respectively. RP-Met was hand-mixed into the top one-third of the daily ration. Experimental periods were 30 days with 15 d of adaptation and 15 d of sampling. Dry matter (DM) intake and milk yields were not affected (P 〉 0.05) with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Yields of 4%FCM, ECM, milk fat and milk protein were higher (P 〈 0.03) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically (P 〈 0.05) changed due to the higher percentage of milk fat and protein for RP-Met supplementation than control (P 〈 0.03). Ruminal pH tended to be lower (P = 0.071) for RP-Met supplementation than control, whereas total VFA concentration tended to be higher (P = 0.086) for RP-Met supplementation than control. Ratio of acetate to propionate decreased linearly (P = 0.001) from 4.01 to 3.57 as RP-Met supplementation increased due to the increase in propionate production. Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF in the total tract were higher (P 〈 0.05) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were quadratically (P 〈 0.05) increased with increasing RP-Met supplementation. Plasma concentrations of glucose not affected (P 〉 0.05) with RP-Met supplementation, Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were significantly lower (P = 0.017) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly (P = 0.011) changed. Plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate tended to be lower (P = 0.068) for RP-Met supplementation than control and were linearly (P = 0.001) changed. The present results indicate that supplementation of diet with RP-Met improved the content of milk fat and protein, rumen fermentation and feed digestion, decreased plasma concentrations of NEFA. It was suggested that the RP-Met stimulated the digestive microorganisms or enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum RP-Met dose was about 25 g RP-Met per cow per day.
文摘Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on the intestinal flora in Parkinson disease(PD)model mice and explore the mechanism of acupuncture in improving the locomotor function in PD.Methods Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group,a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)group,a MPTP+acupuncture group(MPTP+A),and a MPTP+madopar group(MPTP+M),with 8 mice in each group.Except for the control group,the other groups were intraperitoneally injected[25 mg/(kg·bw)]with MPTP to establish PD mouse models.After successful modeling,the MPTP group received no intervention,the MPTP+A received acupuncture at Tianshu(ST25),Guanyuan(CV4),and Zusanli(ST36),and the MPTP+M was given madopar[125 mg/(kg·bw)]by intragastric gavage.After consecutive 10-day interventions,the intestinal function and behaviors of the mice were detected.The 16S rRNA gene sequence was used to analyze the composition of fecal intestinal flora in each group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the brain and serum.The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)andα-synuclein in the substantia nigra(SN)were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Toll-like receptor(TLR)2 and lipopolysaccharide receptor CD14(CD14)in the SN were determined by RT-qPCR.Myeloid differentiation factor(MyD)88,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and Akt1 in the SN were detected by Western blotting.Results After the intervention,compared with the control group,the intestinal motility,fecal water content,and the expression of TH in the SN were significantly decreased in the MPTP group(P<0.05),along with an increasedα-synuclein expression(P<0.05).Additionally,the results of the fecal microflora test showed that the alpha diversity of the MPTP decreased,and the levels of inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6]in the serum and SN,and the expression of NF-κB in the SN were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the MPTP group,acupuncture intervention significantly enhanced the autonomous horizontal movement and coordination ability of PD mice(P<0.05);acupuncture and madopar interventions significantly reduced the levels ofα-synuclein,inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,iNOS,IL-1β,and IL-6)in the serum and SN,and the NF-κB expression in the SN,along with significantly increased alpha diversity richness index(P<0.05).In addition,the relative abundance of Bacteroides increased significantly in the MPTP+A(P<0.05),while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture intervention can improve locomotor function,reduceα-synuclein aggregation and inflammatory factors expression,and increase the Akt signaling pathway in PD mice.In addition,acupuncture intervention can benignly regulate the intestinal flora of PD mice.Therefore,it suggests that acupuncture intervention can protect PD model mice probably by regulating intestinal flora and activating Akt signaling pathway.