黄牛、水牛和奶牛瘤胃手术麻醉药量和切口部位比较

为了在兽医临床实践中做好牛的瘤胃手术,在黄牛、水牛和奶牛的瘤胃手术过程中,对麻醉药物剂量、体表手术切口部位和瘤胃本部手术切口部位进行了比较.结果表明,3%盐酸普鲁卡因的最佳用量,黄牛和水牛为12mL,奶牛为15mL;最佳皮肤切口部位,黄牛宜采用左月兼部中切口,而水牛和奶牛则宜采用左月兼部前切口;最佳瘤胃切口部位为瘤胃背囊后切口,切口不超过左冠状沟为宜.可达到创伤最小、愈合最佳、体能恢复最快的效果.

通过瘤胃手术对一例奶牛食道阻塞的治疗

1发病情况农七师129团澳牛场饲养员在驱赶采食甜菜的发情牛时,发现一牛边吃边走,突然站立不动,急燥不安,口流黏液,并不断有吞咽动作,一会儿出现瘤胃臌气。经笔者就诊,在牛颈部食道处摸不到异物,用开口器打开口腔,往食道插入胃导管,无法到达瘤胃。

牛瘤胃手术的方法及体会

牛瘤胃疾病是养牛过程中的一种常见病,一旦发生,有时药物保守治疗难以获得理想的治疗效果,需要采取手术的方式进行根治。本文主要介绍对牛瘤胃手术的方法及治疗体会,供同行参考。

小尾寒羊永久性瘤胃瘘管安装手术及对其术后体温和采食量的影响

近年来,随着反刍动物营养生理科学的不断发展,瘤胃瘘管技术被广泛用于科学研究。本实验在总结牛瘤胃瘘管手术的基础上,充分了解小尾寒羊消化道结构、生活习性后,对6只成年雄性小尾寒羊成功安装永久性瘤胃瘘管。通过术后护理,小尾寒羊手术创面平整、干燥,并有大量胶原纤维增殖,创口愈合良好,体温和饮食状况逐步恢复正常。可进行后续试验研究。

瘤胃切开术在牛羊前胃疾病诊疗中的应用

牛羊前胃疾病主要是指发生在牛羊等反刍类动物当中的一类消化系统疾病,主要是因为饲料投喂不到位,饲料搭配不科学,导致牛羊消化不良或者使用有毒物质所致。对于牛羊前胃疾病发生之后,应该及时对病情做出有效的判定,然后实施对症药物治疗,一般能够在短时间内控制病情,但基层地区的很多养殖户由于对牛羊前胃疾病的判定不到位、兽医诊疗不科学使得该类疾病呈现出逐渐加重的趋势,导致传统的药物治疗措施效果变差。为了降低养殖户的经济损失,就需要对患有重症前胃疾病的牛羊进行瘤胃切开手术,将胃部的内容物及时清理,保证患病牛羊的临床症状能够在短时间内得以缓解,提升治疗成效,降低死亡率。本文主要结合实际工作经验,在对牛羊前胃疾病发病原因进行探讨的基础上,明确了瘤胃切开手术在牛羊前胃疾病中的具体应用,希望通过研究对广大同行有所帮助。

南江黄羊瘤胃切开手术病例报告

简述了南江黄羊瘤胃紧急切开术的适应症,介绍了消毒、保定、麻醉等步骤,具体描述了手术过程。

羊瘤胃积食的临床症状、鉴别和防治措施

羊瘤胃积食也称为瘤胃食滞,是指瘤胃内容物无法正常消化、运输,促使胃壁快速扩张,胃容积不断增大,并影响瘤胃运动和消化功能,从而出现脱水以及毒血症.该病通常是由于日常饲养管理不当引起,如羊食入大量的精料或者品质低劣的粗干草,会导致腹围膨大,伴有疼痛,停止采食及反刍,瘤胃蠕动减缓或者停止.该病是羊常见的一种疾病,且发病不呈明显的季节性,具有非常高的发病率和病死率,危害养羊业发展,应加以防治.

体外产气法评定饲草料营养价值试验方法及步骤介绍

查阅了大量国内外有关体外产气法实验原理及方法步骤,为具体实施手术和开展试验作基础。

Pseudoaneurysm of gastroduodenal artery following radical gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma patients

We report a rare case of postoperative pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery following radical gastrectomy.Surgical trauma to the gastroduodenal artery during regional lymphadenectomy was considered as the cause of the postoperative pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully managed by ligating the bleeding vessel. We should consider the possibility of pseudoaneurysm formation in a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding in the postoperative period following radical gastrectomy with regional lymph node and perivascular lymphatic dissection.

Evaluation of contrast-enhanced helical hydro-CT in staging gastric cancer

AIM： TO discuss the helical computed tomography （CT） characteristics of gastric cancer and evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced helical hydro-CT （HHCT） in staging gastric cancer. METHODS： A total of 50 patients with gastric cancer were included in this study. The CT findings in them were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with pathologic findings at surgery. All patients were preoperatively imaged by plain and contrast-enhanced helical CT afer orally ingesting 1 000-1 500 mL water. Peristalsis was minimized by intravenous administration of spasmolytics. RESULTS： The foci of gastric cancer became more prominent in all the 50 patients and showed strong enhancement in contrast-enhanced HHCT. The tumor was located at the gastric cardia in 14 cases, at the gastric fundus in 3 cases, at the gastric body in 8 cases, at the gastric antrum in 4 cases, at the gastric fundus and the body in 8 cases, at the gastric body and antrum in 11 cases, and at three segments of the stomach in 2 cases. The CT features of gastric cancer were focal or diffuse mural thickening, soft tissue mass, cancerous ulcer, stenosis of stomach, infiltration to adjacent tissues, lymph node and distant metastases. Strong contrast enhancement of the gastric wall was closely related to gastric cancer. The accuracy rate of contrast-enhanced HHCT in staging gastric cancer was 86% （43/50）. The detection rate of lymph node metastases by CT was 60% （12/20）. CONCLUSION： Contrast-enhanced HHCT is a reliable method to diagnose and stage gastric cancer.

Effects of 7.5% hypertonic saline on fluid balance after radical surgery for gastrointestinal carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the effects of 7.5% hypertonic saline on positive fluid balance and negative fluid balance, after radical surgery for gastrointestinal carcinoma. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma undergoing radical surgery were studied. The patients were assigned to receive either Ringer lactate solution following 4 mL/kg of 7.5% hypertonic saline (the experimental group, n = 26) or Ringer lactate solution (the control group, n = 26) during the early postoperative period in SICU. Fluid infusion volumes, urine outputs, fluid balance, body weight change, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, anal exhaust time as well as the incidence of complication and mortality were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Urine outputs on the operative day and the first postoperative day in experimental group were significantly more than in control group (P<0.000001, P=0.000114). Fluid infusion volumes on the operative day and the first postoperative day were significantly less in experimental group than in control group (P= 0.000042, P= 0.000415). The volumes of the positive fluid balance on the operative day and during the first 48 h after surgery, in experimental group, were significantly less than in control group (P<0.000001). Body weight gain post-surgery was significantly lower in experimental group than in control group (P<0.000001). The body weight fall in experimental group occurred earlier than in control group (P<0.000001). PaO2/FiO2 ratio after surgery was higher in experimental group than in control group (P= 0.000111). The postoperative anal exhaust time in experimental group was earlier than in control group (P= 0.000006). The overall incidence of complications and the incidence of pulmonary infection were lower in experimental group than in control group (P= 0.0175, P= 0.0374). CONCLUSION: 7.5% hypertonic saline has an intense diuretic effect and causes mobilization of the retained fluid, which could reduce fluid infusion volumes and positive fluid balance after radical surgery for gastrointestinal carcinoma, as well as, accelerate the early appearance of negative fluid balance after the surgery, improve the oxygen diffusing capacity of the patients' alveoli, and lower the overall incidence of complications and pulmonary infection after the surgery.

Low intensity ultrasound-induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells

AIM： To investigate the low intensity ultrasound （US）- induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells and its potential mechanism and to suggest a new therapeutic approach to gastric carcinoma. METHODS： Human SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cells were cultured in vitro and irradiated by low intensity US for 10 min at different intensities with different incubation times after irradiation. Morphologic changes were examined under microscope with trypan blue staining and then the percentage of early apoptotic cells was detected by flow cytometry （FCM） with double staining of fiuorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）- Annexin V/propidium iodide （PI）. Two-dimensional electrophoresis （2DE） was used to get the protein profile and some proteins differently expressed after US irradiation were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS）. Functional analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism of US-induced cell apoptosis. RESULTS： The percentage of apoptotic cells increased about 10% after US irradiation （12.0 W/cm^2, 12 h culture）, The percentage of early apoptosis and secondary necrosis in the US-irradiated cells increased with the increased US intensity. Moreover, apoptotic cells increased with the increased culture time after US irradiation and reached its maximum at about 12 h.Several new proteins appeared after US irradiation and were up or down regulated more than 2 times. Some heat shock proteins （HSPs） were found to be associated with the signal process simulating the apoptosis of cells. CONCLUSION： Low intensity US could induce apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells. US-induced apoptosis is related to US intensity/culture time. US-induced apoptosis may be caspases-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress-triggered apoptosis may also contribute to it. Proteomic experimental system is useful in finding the protein alteration in carcinoma cells after US irradiation, helping to develop a new cancer therapy.

Perforation of metastatic melanoma to the small bowel with simultaneous gastrointestinal stromal tumor

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a common site of metastases for malignant melanoma. These metastatic tumors are often asymptomatic. We describe a case of a 58-year-old male who presented with a sudden onset of generalized abdominal pain. The patient's past medical history was significant for lentigo melanoma of the right cheek. Laparotomy was performed and two segments ofsmall bowel, one with a perforated tumor, the other with a non-perforated tumor, were removed. Histology and immunohistochemical staining revealed the perforated tumor to be a metastatic malignant melanoma and the non-perforated tumor was found to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The patient was discharged 7 d postoperatively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of a simultaneous metastatic malignant melanoma and a GIST. Surgical intervention is warranted in patients with symptomatic GIT metastases to improve the quality of life or in those patients with surgical emergencies.

Symptomatic subserosal gastric lipoma successfully treated with enucleation

Gastric lipomas are rare tumors, accounting for 2%-3% of all benign gastric tumors. They are of submucosal or extremely rare subserosal origin. Although most gastric lipomas are usually detected incidentally, they can cause abdominal pain, dyspeptic disorders, obstruction, invagination, and hemorrhages. Subserosal gastric lipomas are rarely symptomatic. There is no report on treatment of subserosal gastric lipomas in the English literature. We present a case of a 50-year-old male with symptomatic subserosal gastric lipoma which was successfully managed with removal, enucleation of lipoma, explorative gastrotomy and edge resection for histology check of gastric wall. The incidence of gastric lipoma, advanced diagnostic possibilities and their role in treatment modalities are discussed.

Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors:A surgical point of view

AIM: Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors are uncommon stromal tumors of the intestinal tract. Their histological appearance is similar to that of other gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We report two cases and performed an analysis of the literature by comparing our findings with the available case reports in the medical literature.METHODS: Two patients were admitted with abdominal tumor masses. One occurred in the stomach with large multiple liver metastases and the second originated in Meckel's diverticulum. The latter site has never been reported previously. Both patients underwent surgery. In one patient gastrectomy, right liver resection and colon transversum resection were performed to achieve aggressive tumor debulking. In the other patient the tumor bearing diverticulum was removed.RESULTS: Postoperative recovery of both patients was uneventful. Histological examination, immunohistochemical analysis and electron microscopy revealed the diagnosis of a gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor. The patient with the tumor in Meckel's diverticulum died 6 mo after surgery because of pneumonia. The patient with liver metastases have been alive 13 years after initial tumor diagnosis and 7 years after surgery with no evidence of tumor progression. In light of our results, we performed athorough comparison with available literature reports.CONCLUSION: Radical surgical resection of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors seems to be the only available curative approach to date, and long term survival is possibleeven in large metastasized tumors.

How helpful is capsule endoscopy to surgeons?

Capsule endoscopy is a new technology that, for the first time, allows complete, non-invasive endoscopic imaging of the small bowel. The efficacy of capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of suspected small bowel diseases has been established. Important applications for surgeons include observations of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and small bowel neoplasms.

Ileal Lymphangioma Presenting with Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage： A Case Report

Introduction Lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor of lymphatic vessel origin. The tumor often appears in the head and neck region at a young age and can occasionally be found in the abdomen of adults with protean degrees of symptoms depending on the tumor size and location. How- ever, lymphangioma of the small intestine is extremely rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. As the tumor is not well-recog- nized, many patients with small intestine lymphangioma have been given an incorrect preoperative diagnosis. The ideal treatment for the disease is surgical excision, and the prognosis is comparatively good. In this paper, we report a rare case of ileal lymphangioma with gas- trointestinal hemorrhage preoperatively diagnosed using enteroscopy and treated with surgery.

Postoperative sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of postoperative sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods From January 2003 to December 2010, 146 gastric cancer patients at our institution(Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China) received postoperative sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy after radical surgery. Radiotherapy was administered as a dose of 4500 cGy in 25 fractions. For patients with positive margins, the dose was raised to 5040 cGy in 28 fractions. Three cycles of m FOLFOX or PF(cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy regimen were applied before and after radiotherapy. Three-and 5-year survival rates were analyzed; any adverse effects with respect to hematology, hepatic and renal function, or the gastrointestinal tract that occurred during the treatment were evaluated.Results This cohort consisted of non-metastatic patients: 104 men and 42 women with a median age of 51.0 years. The full course of sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy(4500–5040 cGy) was completed by 129 patients(88.4%). Seventeen regional relapses(9.8%) and 46 distant relapses(23.8%) were recorded. Fifty patients(34.2%) died during follow-up. The 3-and 5-year overall survival rates(OS) were 60% and 54%, and disease-free survival rates(DFS) were 53% and 47%, respectively. There were no significant differences in survival rate with respect to age, sex, histopathology, N stage, site of the tumor, or margin status. Multivariate analysis showed that only the depth of tumor invasion(T stage) was an independent prognostic factor for OS(P = 0.009) and DFS(P = 0.006). The rates of grades 3 and 4 neutropenia and vomiting were 9.6% and 3.4%, respectively, during the treatment.Conclusion Postoperative sequential chemotherapy with an m FOLFOX or PF regimen and radiotherapy were found to be an effective means of treating advanced gastric cancer patients with T3–T4 disease. The adverse effects of this treatment were tolerable.