试验旨在讨论瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)吸收率、原位碳水化合物消化率、瘤胃上皮细胞内与VFA代谢相关基因表达情况以及细胞内p H调节机制的不同对亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)产生的影响。试验选取14头植有瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期奶牛(产奶天数119&#...试验旨在讨论瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)吸收率、原位碳水化合物消化率、瘤胃上皮细胞内与VFA代谢相关基因表达情况以及细胞内p H调节机制的不同对亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)产生的影响。试验选取14头植有瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期奶牛(产奶天数119±47.2 d;平均体重640±47.9 kg),饲喂高谷物饲粮,30%自由采食,包括18 d适应期和7 d试验和数据采集期。随机选取8头奶牛饲喂的干物质摄入量(DMI)达到最低中毒指数(一定的DMI使p H<5.8;0.10±0.16 p H×min·kg-1DMI),称为SARA低风险组(LS);随机选取5头奶牛饲喂的DMI达到最高中毒指数(3.72±0.19 p H×min·kg-1DMI),称为SARA高风险组(HS)。LS组的最低p H 5.75和平均瘤胃p H 6.33均高于HS(5.33与5.98)组。此外,LS组瘤胃p H<5.8持续的时间和范围较低,分别为24.9 min·d-1、2.94 p H×min·d-1,HS组较高,分别为481min·d-1、102 p H×min·d-1。虽然LS组奶牛和HS组奶牛的DMI、产奶量和乳成分之间无显著差异,但LS组奶牛牛奶脂肪浓度有增高趋势,含量为3.36%,而HS组奶牛为2.93%。LS组和HS组奶牛VFA吸收率之间无显著差异,原位碳水化合物和中型洗涤纤维消化率无显著差异,但LS组奶牛细胞中与羊毛甾醇合成酶(LSS)相关的m RNA含量高于HS组奶牛。此外,LS组的3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合酶1(HMGCS1)高于HS组。试验结果表明,在目前的试验中,即使瘤胃上皮中与VFA代谢相关的基因表达可能与SARA风险存在关联,LS组和HS组奶牛不同瘤胃p H仍难以解释VFA吸收率的不同。SARA风险不能归结于瘤胃微生物对碳水化合物发酵,因为瘤胃中原位碳水化合物的消化在两组牛之间无显著变化。展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal（Bos frontalis）.[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorgan...[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal（Bos frontalis）.[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganisms of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.[Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical body form and very good meat production performance,its muscle fiber diameter was significantly less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle（Bos taurus）and wild cattle（Bos gaurus）,and the amounts of those chromosomes（2n）were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal＇s special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD）on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51×109 and 1.63×109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.[Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value.展开更多
Eight goats of 7-8 months old and an average body weight （BW） of 20 ± 5.0 kg were used in double 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were the four levels of leucaena meal replacement for soybean meal...Eight goats of 7-8 months old and an average body weight （BW） of 20 ± 5.0 kg were used in double 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were the four levels of leucaena meal replacement for soybean meal in concentrates at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of crude protein. The results showed that roughage intake （% BW and g/kgBW^0.75） increased linearly （P 〈 0.01） with increasing levels of leucaena meal while total feed intake was not significantly different among dietary treatments. Similarly, dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber digestibility and ruminal ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） were not significantly different among dietary treatments. However, crude protein digestibility, ruminal pH （6 hr after feeding）, nitrogen （N） intake, N absorption, N retention and total volatile fatty acids increased quadratically （P 〈 0.01） with the increasing levels of leucaena meals. It could be concluded that leucaena meal could replace up to 50% of soybean meal in the diet without any negative effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation of meat goats.展开更多
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of inclusion of fermented apple bagasse （FAB） obtained through solid state fermentation on pH, ammonia nitrogen （N-NH3）, volatile fatty acids （VFA） content, in vitr...The aim of this study was to assess the effect of inclusion of fermented apple bagasse （FAB） obtained through solid state fermentation on pH, ammonia nitrogen （N-NH3）, volatile fatty acids （VFA） content, in vitro dry matter digestibility （IVDMD）, lactic acid and microbial counting of alfalfa hay under in vitro rumen environment; four levels of FAB were evaluated （0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0. 75 g/dry matter of FAB） replacing 1.5 g dry matter （DM） of alfalfa hay and incubated at different fermentation times （0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h） using a complete random design with repeated measures on time. Counts of live yeast colonies （6.08, 6.33, 6.24 and 6.51 CFU/mL expressed as log 10） was higher when FAB was included in the different levels up to the 12 h of fermentation （P 〈 0.0001）; lactic acid content also increased as FAB was included in the different levels （10.61, 13.86, 16.84 and 14.57μg/mL） up to the 12 h of incubation （P 〈 0.001）. Nevertheless, the other variables measured as pH, N-NH3, VFA, IVDMD, total bacteria and fungi counts, were not affected by the treatments. It is concluded that substitution of FAB by alfalfa hay in an in vitro rumen ecosystem positively modified live yeast colonies and lactic acid concentration, without effect on the other fermentative and microbial parameters of the in vitro rumen environment, but considering mixes of FAB and alfalfa hay as a quality ingredient for the feeding of ruminants.展开更多
文摘试验旨在讨论瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)吸收率、原位碳水化合物消化率、瘤胃上皮细胞内与VFA代谢相关基因表达情况以及细胞内p H调节机制的不同对亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)产生的影响。试验选取14头植有瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期奶牛(产奶天数119±47.2 d;平均体重640±47.9 kg),饲喂高谷物饲粮,30%自由采食,包括18 d适应期和7 d试验和数据采集期。随机选取8头奶牛饲喂的干物质摄入量(DMI)达到最低中毒指数(一定的DMI使p H<5.8;0.10±0.16 p H×min·kg-1DMI),称为SARA低风险组(LS);随机选取5头奶牛饲喂的DMI达到最高中毒指数(3.72±0.19 p H×min·kg-1DMI),称为SARA高风险组(HS)。LS组的最低p H 5.75和平均瘤胃p H 6.33均高于HS(5.33与5.98)组。此外,LS组瘤胃p H<5.8持续的时间和范围较低,分别为24.9 min·d-1、2.94 p H×min·d-1,HS组较高,分别为481min·d-1、102 p H×min·d-1。虽然LS组奶牛和HS组奶牛的DMI、产奶量和乳成分之间无显著差异,但LS组奶牛牛奶脂肪浓度有增高趋势,含量为3.36%,而HS组奶牛为2.93%。LS组和HS组奶牛VFA吸收率之间无显著差异,原位碳水化合物和中型洗涤纤维消化率无显著差异,但LS组奶牛细胞中与羊毛甾醇合成酶(LSS)相关的m RNA含量高于HS组奶牛。此外,LS组的3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合酶1(HMGCS1)高于HS组。试验结果表明,在目前的试验中,即使瘤胃上皮中与VFA代谢相关的基因表达可能与SARA风险存在关联,LS组和HS组奶牛不同瘤胃p H仍难以解释VFA吸收率的不同。SARA风险不能归结于瘤胃微生物对碳水化合物发酵,因为瘤胃中原位碳水化合物的消化在两组牛之间无显著变化。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960256,31060314)Project of Yunnan Education Department(V09Y0202)~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to provide reference for further study and development of gayal（Bos frontalis）.[Method]According to the research status at home and abroad,the biological characteristics and rumen microorganisms of gayal in Yunnan Province was studied.[Result]Gayal in Yunnan had typical body form and very good meat production performance,its muscle fiber diameter was significantly less than other kinds of cattle;the water holding ratio,muscle tenderness and muscle succulency were significantly higher than others;its amount,shape and structure of chromosome were different from yellow cattle（Bos taurus）and wild cattle（Bos gaurus）,and the amounts of those chromosomes（2n）were 58,60 and 56,respectively.It could create hybrid with yellow cattle;the gayal＇s special diet was bamboo,its in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD）on various crude forage was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan;the viable bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in rumen were 4.51×109 and 1.63×109 CFU/ml,which was significantly higher than yellow cattle in Yunnan,its dominant bacteria in rumen mainly was cellulolytic bacteria.[Conclusion]Gayal not only had high academic value,but also had a great development value.
文摘Eight goats of 7-8 months old and an average body weight （BW） of 20 ± 5.0 kg were used in double 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were the four levels of leucaena meal replacement for soybean meal in concentrates at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of crude protein. The results showed that roughage intake （% BW and g/kgBW^0.75） increased linearly （P 〈 0.01） with increasing levels of leucaena meal while total feed intake was not significantly different among dietary treatments. Similarly, dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber digestibility and ruminal ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） were not significantly different among dietary treatments. However, crude protein digestibility, ruminal pH （6 hr after feeding）, nitrogen （N） intake, N absorption, N retention and total volatile fatty acids increased quadratically （P 〈 0.01） with the increasing levels of leucaena meals. It could be concluded that leucaena meal could replace up to 50% of soybean meal in the diet without any negative effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation of meat goats.
文摘The aim of this study was to assess the effect of inclusion of fermented apple bagasse （FAB） obtained through solid state fermentation on pH, ammonia nitrogen （N-NH3）, volatile fatty acids （VFA） content, in vitro dry matter digestibility （IVDMD）, lactic acid and microbial counting of alfalfa hay under in vitro rumen environment; four levels of FAB were evaluated （0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0. 75 g/dry matter of FAB） replacing 1.5 g dry matter （DM） of alfalfa hay and incubated at different fermentation times （0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h） using a complete random design with repeated measures on time. Counts of live yeast colonies （6.08, 6.33, 6.24 and 6.51 CFU/mL expressed as log 10） was higher when FAB was included in the different levels up to the 12 h of fermentation （P 〈 0.0001）; lactic acid content also increased as FAB was included in the different levels （10.61, 13.86, 16.84 and 14.57μg/mL） up to the 12 h of incubation （P 〈 0.001）. Nevertheless, the other variables measured as pH, N-NH3, VFA, IVDMD, total bacteria and fungi counts, were not affected by the treatments. It is concluded that substitution of FAB by alfalfa hay in an in vitro rumen ecosystem positively modified live yeast colonies and lactic acid concentration, without effect on the other fermentative and microbial parameters of the in vitro rumen environment, but considering mixes of FAB and alfalfa hay as a quality ingredient for the feeding of ruminants.
