背景与目的 癌症是中国人群的主要致死原因之一,也是中国的主要经济负担。研究中国与发达国家在癌症模式和控制策略上的差异,可为政策规划提供参考,有助于改善癌症防控措施。本研究回顾了中国癌症发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年(disabi...背景与目的 癌症是中国人群的主要致死原因之一,也是中国的主要经济负担。研究中国与发达国家在癌症模式和控制策略上的差异,可为政策规划提供参考,有助于改善癌症防控措施。本研究回顾了中国癌症发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)负担的比率及趋势,并与美国(United States,US)和英国(United Kingdom,UK)进行了比较。方法 本研究从GLOBOCAN 2020在线数据库、2019年全球疾病负担(global burden of disease,GBD)研究和五大洲癌症发病率plus数据库(Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database,CI5 plus)中获取中国、美国和英国的癌症发病率、死亡率和DALY数据。使用Joinpoint回归模型分析中国、美国和英国癌症发病率和死亡率的趋势,计算年度百分比变化(annual percent change,APC),并确定最佳拟合连接点。结果 2020年估算的中国新发癌症病例为4,568,754例,癌症死亡病例为3,002,899例。此外,在中国,癌症引起的DALY为67,340,309。与美国和英国相比,中国的癌症发病率更低,但癌症死亡率和DALY率更高。此外,中国的癌症谱正在发生变化,除了肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和宫颈癌的发病率高和负担沉重外,肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌的发病率和负担正在迅速增长。结论 中国的癌症谱正在从发展中国家向发达国家转变。人口老龄化和不健康生活方式将继续增加中国的癌症负担。因此,中国应参考发达国家已建立的癌症防控策略,并结合中国不同地区癌症类型的多样性,调整国家癌症控制政策。展开更多
MicroRNAs （miRNAs） were first described in 1993 by Lee and colleagues, and the term microRNA was only introduced in 2001 in a set of three articles in Science. One of the biggest surprises in the past few years has ...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） were first described in 1993 by Lee and colleagues, and the term microRNA was only introduced in 2001 in a set of three articles in Science. One of the biggest surprises in the past few years has been the emergence of miRNAs as a major new class of gene expression regulators. Recent studies suggest that miRNA alterations are involved in the initiation and progression of human cancer. The brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, is the most malignant and deadly form of gliomas. The prognosis is poor and the median survival with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy is only 14.6 months. With the discovery of miRNA, the miRNA profiles may become useful biomarkers for brain tumor diagnostics, and miRNA therapy could be a powerful tool for brain tumor prevention and therapeutics. This review outlines the background of miRNA and its expression and therapeutic potential for brain tumors.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic value of modified prostate specific antigen(PSA)parameters in the diagnosis of prostate cancer(PCA) when the serum PSAis in a grey zone of 4~10 ng/ml. METHODS The results of ser...OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic value of modified prostate specific antigen(PSA)parameters in the diagnosis of prostate cancer(PCA) when the serum PSAis in a grey zone of 4~10 ng/ml. METHODS The results of serum PSA determinations of the patients receiving a transrectal ultrasound-guided multiphase prostatic biopsy,were retrospectively analyzed.In the 88 patients with a serum PSA value of 4-10 ng/ml,the final diagnosis of PCA was made in 21,and that of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)in 67 patients.The percentage of the free-serum PSA([FPSA]/total-serum PSA[TPSA],F/T),PSA density(PSAD)and the sensitivity and specificity of the new PSA modified parameter(F/T)/PSAD in diagnosing PCA,within a set threshold value,was compared. RESULTS In the 88 patients with serum PSA in the grey zone of 4.0-10.0 ng/ml,there was no significant difference in comparing the TPSA between the 21 PCA patients and 67 BPH patients(P>0.05).However, there was a significant difference in the value of modified PSA parameters, such as F/T,PSAD and(F/T)/PSAD,between the PCA and the BPH groups (P<0.001).As the cut off point-value of the F/T,PSAD and(F/T)/PSAD was set at 0.16,0.15 and 0.8,the diagnostic sensitivity for PCA was 66.7%, 76.2%and 85.7%,and the specificity was 41.8%,43.3%and 68.7%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the sensitivity comparing the modified parameters for diagnosing PCA(P>0.05),whereas an overt predominance was present in the specificity of(F/T)/PSAD for PCAdiagnosis (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In the serum PSA grey zone of 4-10 ng/ml,a modified PSA parameter can improve the PCA diagnostic accuracy rate.With a considerably high sensitivity,application of the(F/T)/PSAD may effectively enhance the diagnostic specificity,which is superior to the F/T and PSAD, and can be expected to be one of the new indices derived from the PSA.展开更多
Toll-like receptors （TLRs） are probably the most important class of pattern-recognition receptors. Members of the TLR family play key roles in the both innate and adaptive immune responses. Recognition of pathogen-a...Toll-like receptors （TLRs） are probably the most important class of pattern-recognition receptors. Members of the TLR family play key roles in the both innate and adaptive immune responses. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMPs） by TLRs, either alone or in heterodimedzation with other TLR or non-TLR receptors, induces the production of signals that are responsible for the activation of genes important for an effective host defense, especially those of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, TLRs are involved in the development of many pathological conditions including infectious diseases, tissue damage, and cancer especially. In this review, the contribution of TLRs to tumorgenesis is evaluated. We hope to provide new insight into the progression of cancer and more importantly into the potential for TLRs as targets of therapeutics.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） on differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma （RMS） cells METHODS RD （human embryonal RMS cell line） cells, cultured in differentiation medium c...OBJECTIVE To study the effect of transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） on differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma （RMS） cells METHODS RD （human embryonal RMS cell line） cells, cultured in differentiation medium containing 9-cis retinoic acid （9CRA）, were treated with TGF-β1. Proliferation of the cells was examined by the MTT assay. The differentiation specific proteins （sarcomeric actin and MyHC） and myogenic transcription factors （MyoD1 and myogenin） in the RD cells were assessed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Compared to control cells, treatment with lower concentrations of TGF-β1 （0.1 and 0.2 ng/ml） induced an increase in OD values after 4 d （P〈0.01）, whereas higher concentrations of TGF-β1 （2 and 5 ng/ml） led to a reduction of cell viability （P〈0.01）. After exposure to 9CRA, the viability of the cells decreased significantly （P〈0.01）, while sarcomeric actin, MyHC and myogenin were induced. These changes were antagonized by TGF-β1 （0.1 ng/ml）. No changes were observed in expression of MyoD1. CONCLUSION The RMS cells, derived from myogenic progenitors are committed to a myogenic fate, but are arrested in the differentiation course by the addition of TGF-β1 which represses some of the myogenic transcription factors.展开更多
Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) interact with light and have strong and tunable surface plasmon resonance,which can be detected using multiple imaging modalities.These provide an unique opportunity for their potential appli...Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) interact with light and have strong and tunable surface plasmon resonance,which can be detected using multiple imaging modalities.These provide an unique opportunity for their potential applications in optical imaging for early detection of cancer.In this review,we summarized nanoparticles targeting properties for cancer,plasmon optical properties of AuNPs,application of AuNPs for cancer optical imaging.Also discussed is the safety of AuNPs.展开更多
文摘背景与目的 癌症是中国人群的主要致死原因之一,也是中国的主要经济负担。研究中国与发达国家在癌症模式和控制策略上的差异,可为政策规划提供参考,有助于改善癌症防控措施。本研究回顾了中国癌症发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)负担的比率及趋势,并与美国(United States,US)和英国(United Kingdom,UK)进行了比较。方法 本研究从GLOBOCAN 2020在线数据库、2019年全球疾病负担(global burden of disease,GBD)研究和五大洲癌症发病率plus数据库(Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database,CI5 plus)中获取中国、美国和英国的癌症发病率、死亡率和DALY数据。使用Joinpoint回归模型分析中国、美国和英国癌症发病率和死亡率的趋势,计算年度百分比变化(annual percent change,APC),并确定最佳拟合连接点。结果 2020年估算的中国新发癌症病例为4,568,754例,癌症死亡病例为3,002,899例。此外,在中国,癌症引起的DALY为67,340,309。与美国和英国相比,中国的癌症发病率更低,但癌症死亡率和DALY率更高。此外,中国的癌症谱正在发生变化,除了肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和宫颈癌的发病率高和负担沉重外,肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌的发病率和负担正在迅速增长。结论 中国的癌症谱正在从发展中国家向发达国家转变。人口老龄化和不健康生活方式将继续增加中国的癌症负担。因此,中国应参考发达国家已建立的癌症防控策略,并结合中国不同地区癌症类型的多样性,调整国家癌症控制政策。
基金the grants fromthe National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.30772231)Tianjin Natural Sci-ence Foundation(No.05YFJZJC1002).
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） were first described in 1993 by Lee and colleagues, and the term microRNA was only introduced in 2001 in a set of three articles in Science. One of the biggest surprises in the past few years has been the emergence of miRNAs as a major new class of gene expression regulators. Recent studies suggest that miRNA alterations are involved in the initiation and progression of human cancer. The brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, is the most malignant and deadly form of gliomas. The prognosis is poor and the median survival with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy is only 14.6 months. With the discovery of miRNA, the miRNA profiles may become useful biomarkers for brain tumor diagnostics, and miRNA therapy could be a powerful tool for brain tumor prevention and therapeutics. This review outlines the background of miRNA and its expression and therapeutic potential for brain tumors.
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic value of modified prostate specific antigen(PSA)parameters in the diagnosis of prostate cancer(PCA) when the serum PSAis in a grey zone of 4~10 ng/ml. METHODS The results of serum PSA determinations of the patients receiving a transrectal ultrasound-guided multiphase prostatic biopsy,were retrospectively analyzed.In the 88 patients with a serum PSA value of 4-10 ng/ml,the final diagnosis of PCA was made in 21,and that of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)in 67 patients.The percentage of the free-serum PSA([FPSA]/total-serum PSA[TPSA],F/T),PSA density(PSAD)and the sensitivity and specificity of the new PSA modified parameter(F/T)/PSAD in diagnosing PCA,within a set threshold value,was compared. RESULTS In the 88 patients with serum PSA in the grey zone of 4.0-10.0 ng/ml,there was no significant difference in comparing the TPSA between the 21 PCA patients and 67 BPH patients(P>0.05).However, there was a significant difference in the value of modified PSA parameters, such as F/T,PSAD and(F/T)/PSAD,between the PCA and the BPH groups (P<0.001).As the cut off point-value of the F/T,PSAD and(F/T)/PSAD was set at 0.16,0.15 and 0.8,the diagnostic sensitivity for PCA was 66.7%, 76.2%and 85.7%,and the specificity was 41.8%,43.3%and 68.7%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the sensitivity comparing the modified parameters for diagnosing PCA(P>0.05),whereas an overt predominance was present in the specificity of(F/T)/PSAD for PCAdiagnosis (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In the serum PSA grey zone of 4-10 ng/ml,a modified PSA parameter can improve the PCA diagnostic accuracy rate.With a considerably high sensitivity,application of the(F/T)/PSAD may effectively enhance the diagnostic specificity,which is superior to the F/T and PSAD, and can be expected to be one of the new indices derived from the PSA.
文摘Toll-like receptors （TLRs） are probably the most important class of pattern-recognition receptors. Members of the TLR family play key roles in the both innate and adaptive immune responses. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMPs） by TLRs, either alone or in heterodimedzation with other TLR or non-TLR receptors, induces the production of signals that are responsible for the activation of genes important for an effective host defense, especially those of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, TLRs are involved in the development of many pathological conditions including infectious diseases, tissue damage, and cancer especially. In this review, the contribution of TLRs to tumorgenesis is evaluated. We hope to provide new insight into the progression of cancer and more importantly into the potential for TLRs as targets of therapeutics.
文摘OBJECTIVE To study the effect of transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） on differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma （RMS） cells METHODS RD （human embryonal RMS cell line） cells, cultured in differentiation medium containing 9-cis retinoic acid （9CRA）, were treated with TGF-β1. Proliferation of the cells was examined by the MTT assay. The differentiation specific proteins （sarcomeric actin and MyHC） and myogenic transcription factors （MyoD1 and myogenin） in the RD cells were assessed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Compared to control cells, treatment with lower concentrations of TGF-β1 （0.1 and 0.2 ng/ml） induced an increase in OD values after 4 d （P〈0.01）, whereas higher concentrations of TGF-β1 （2 and 5 ng/ml） led to a reduction of cell viability （P〈0.01）. After exposure to 9CRA, the viability of the cells decreased significantly （P〈0.01）, while sarcomeric actin, MyHC and myogenin were induced. These changes were antagonized by TGF-β1 （0.1 ng/ml）. No changes were observed in expression of MyoD1. CONCLUSION The RMS cells, derived from myogenic progenitors are committed to a myogenic fate, but are arrested in the differentiation course by the addition of TGF-β1 which represses some of the myogenic transcription factors.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry
文摘Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) interact with light and have strong and tunable surface plasmon resonance,which can be detected using multiple imaging modalities.These provide an unique opportunity for their potential applications in optical imaging for early detection of cancer.In this review,we summarized nanoparticles targeting properties for cancer,plasmon optical properties of AuNPs,application of AuNPs for cancer optical imaging.Also discussed is the safety of AuNPs.
