During mitosis, the parent cell distributes its genetic materials equally into two daughter cells through chromosome segregation, a complex movements orchestrated by mitotic kinases and its effector proteins. Faithful...During mitosis, the parent cell distributes its genetic materials equally into two daughter cells through chromosome segregation, a complex movements orchestrated by mitotic kinases and its effector proteins. Faithful chromosome segregation and cytokinesis ensure that each daughter cell receives a full copy of genetic materials of parent cell. Defects in these processes can lead to aneuploidy or polyploidy. Aurora/Ipl1p family, a class of conserved serine/threonine kinases, plays key roles in chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. This article highlights the function and regulation of Aurora/Ipllp family in mitosis and provides potential links between aberrant regulation of Aurora/Ipllp kinases and pathogenesis of human cancer.展开更多
Even lipomas are the most common mesenchymal benign tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, symptomatic colonic presentation is rare. Herein, we evaluated four patients suffering from various size of colonic lipomas and...Even lipomas are the most common mesenchymal benign tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, symptomatic colonic presentation is rare. Herein, we evaluated four patients suffering from various size of colonic lipomas and approached by different therapeutic modalities.展开更多
Etiology and pathogenesis are the causes and mechanisms of disease development and change. The unification and innovation of cancer pathogenesis is the key to the breakthrough of Chinese medicine. According to the rel...Etiology and pathogenesis are the causes and mechanisms of disease development and change. The unification and innovation of cancer pathogenesis is the key to the breakthrough of Chinese medicine. According to the related theory in Neijing, cancer in different parts of the body could be classified based on the five elements. Chinese mainland is divided into five parts： east, south, west, north and central section. Based on the annual data of China Cancer Center, we analyzed the data of 72 cancer registries covering 32 provinces and autonomous regions for consecutive 5 years. The results showed that the total incidence of the five regions in the mainland of China was statistically significant （F = 8.561, P 〈 0.01）; the east was the highest, the west was the lowest, and the south, middle and north were in the middle level. The incidence of tumors in different parts of the human body was statistically significant （F = 523.382, P 〈 0.01）. The incidence rate from high to low was lung, spleen, kidney, liver and heart. The heat is too much in China＇s eastern and the southern, and Qi is not too enough in the northwest. Five-Qi was imbalance. The pathogenesis of cancer is due to the two aspects, deficiency of five Zang-organs and abnormal seasonal climates. The viscera weakness for a long period and abnormal seasonal climates causes the body Yin and Yang disharmony, resulting in five zang organs dysfunction.展开更多
Objective: To elucidate distinct functions of a recently identified cancer metastasis-associated molecule, related to testes-specific, vespid, and pathogenesis protein-1 (RTVP-1) in the mammalian immune system. Method...Objective: To elucidate distinct functions of a recently identified cancer metastasis-associated molecule, related to testes-specific, vespid, and pathogenesis protein-1 (RTVP-1) in the mammalian immune system. Methods: Immunohistochemical assays and functional analysis on the immune system were performed on RTVP-/- mice and RTVP-1+/+ mice. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was used to predict the functions of RTVP-1. Results: Abnormal lymphocyte growth kinetics and reduced numbers of CD8+ T cells were revealed in lymph nodes of RTVP-1-/- mice. Expression of phenotypic markers of maturation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) was impaired in RTVP-1-/- DC following antigenic stimulation in vitro and RTVP-1-/- DC failed to provide normal CD4+ T cell stimulatory activities in vivo. RTVP-1-/- mice failed to generate normal CTL or antibody responses in vivo after vaccination. In vivo tumor challenge experiments using a mouse cancer cell line demonstrated that the growth rate of subcutaneous tumors in RTVP-1-/- mice was significantly increased and CD8+ T cell infiltration significantly reduced compared to RTVP-1+/+ mice. PPI showed that RTVP-1 protein closely interacted with molecules associated with immune response and cancer metastasis. Conclusion: RTVP-1 might function as a tumor metastasis suppressor and immunosurveillance molecule in cancer.展开更多
Despite great efforts in experimental and clinical research, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) has not changed significantly for decades. Detection of pre-invasive lesions or early-stage PC with small resectable...Despite great efforts in experimental and clinical research, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) has not changed significantly for decades. Detection of pre-invasive lesions or early-stage PC with small resectable cancers in asymptomatic individuals remains one of the most promising approaches to substantially improve the overall outcome of PC. Therefore, screening programs have been proposed to identify curable lesions especially in individuals with a familial or genetic predisposition for PC. In this regard, Canto et al recently contributed an important article comparing computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound for the screening of 216 asymptomatic high-risk individuals (HRI). Pancreatic lesions were detected in 92 of 216 asymptomatic HRI (42.6%). The high diagnostic yield in this study raises several questions that need to be answered of which two will be discussed in detail in this commentary: First: which imaging test should be performed? Second and most importantly: what are we doing with incidentally detected pancreatic lesions? Which ones can be observed and which ones need to be resected?展开更多
Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) typically has a sudden or progressive onset of severe visual loss and an ominous association with an occult malignancy which contains breast cancer. Pathologically, CAR is the degen...Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) typically has a sudden or progressive onset of severe visual loss and an ominous association with an occult malignancy which contains breast cancer. Pathologically, CAR is the degeneration of photoreceptors. But the precise mechanism has not been fully established, CAR may result from autoimmune mediated apoptosis. And in recent years, there also have been some results demonstrating that tumor derived angiogenic factors such as VEGF may also confer the development of CAR, which may offer novel avenues for the therapeutic intervention in CAR. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is critical for vision preservation. Future developments in rapid identification and longitudinal quantification of antibody levels would enable individualized management in these patients. The goal of this review was to analyze the epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and management of retinopathy in the context of recent advances in the elucidation of breast cancer-associated retinopathy (BCAR) pathogenesis.展开更多
文摘During mitosis, the parent cell distributes its genetic materials equally into two daughter cells through chromosome segregation, a complex movements orchestrated by mitotic kinases and its effector proteins. Faithful chromosome segregation and cytokinesis ensure that each daughter cell receives a full copy of genetic materials of parent cell. Defects in these processes can lead to aneuploidy or polyploidy. Aurora/Ipl1p family, a class of conserved serine/threonine kinases, plays key roles in chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. This article highlights the function and regulation of Aurora/Ipllp family in mitosis and provides potential links between aberrant regulation of Aurora/Ipllp kinases and pathogenesis of human cancer.
文摘Even lipomas are the most common mesenchymal benign tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, symptomatic colonic presentation is rare. Herein, we evaluated four patients suffering from various size of colonic lipomas and approached by different therapeutic modalities.
文摘Etiology and pathogenesis are the causes and mechanisms of disease development and change. The unification and innovation of cancer pathogenesis is the key to the breakthrough of Chinese medicine. According to the related theory in Neijing, cancer in different parts of the body could be classified based on the five elements. Chinese mainland is divided into five parts： east, south, west, north and central section. Based on the annual data of China Cancer Center, we analyzed the data of 72 cancer registries covering 32 provinces and autonomous regions for consecutive 5 years. The results showed that the total incidence of the five regions in the mainland of China was statistically significant （F = 8.561, P 〈 0.01）; the east was the highest, the west was the lowest, and the south, middle and north were in the middle level. The incidence of tumors in different parts of the human body was statistically significant （F = 523.382, P 〈 0.01）. The incidence rate from high to low was lung, spleen, kidney, liver and heart. The heat is too much in China＇s eastern and the southern, and Qi is not too enough in the northwest. Five-Qi was imbalance. The pathogenesis of cancer is due to the two aspects, deficiency of five Zang-organs and abnormal seasonal climates. The viscera weakness for a long period and abnormal seasonal climates causes the body Yin and Yang disharmony, resulting in five zang organs dysfunction.
基金the Grants 2003-406 from the Ministry of Education, China, and R01-50588 from the NCI, USA
文摘Objective: To elucidate distinct functions of a recently identified cancer metastasis-associated molecule, related to testes-specific, vespid, and pathogenesis protein-1 (RTVP-1) in the mammalian immune system. Methods: Immunohistochemical assays and functional analysis on the immune system were performed on RTVP-/- mice and RTVP-1+/+ mice. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was used to predict the functions of RTVP-1. Results: Abnormal lymphocyte growth kinetics and reduced numbers of CD8+ T cells were revealed in lymph nodes of RTVP-1-/- mice. Expression of phenotypic markers of maturation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) was impaired in RTVP-1-/- DC following antigenic stimulation in vitro and RTVP-1-/- DC failed to provide normal CD4+ T cell stimulatory activities in vivo. RTVP-1-/- mice failed to generate normal CTL or antibody responses in vivo after vaccination. In vivo tumor challenge experiments using a mouse cancer cell line demonstrated that the growth rate of subcutaneous tumors in RTVP-1-/- mice was significantly increased and CD8+ T cell infiltration significantly reduced compared to RTVP-1+/+ mice. PPI showed that RTVP-1 protein closely interacted with molecules associated with immune response and cancer metastasis. Conclusion: RTVP-1 might function as a tumor metastasis suppressor and immunosurveillance molecule in cancer.
文摘Despite great efforts in experimental and clinical research, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) has not changed significantly for decades. Detection of pre-invasive lesions or early-stage PC with small resectable cancers in asymptomatic individuals remains one of the most promising approaches to substantially improve the overall outcome of PC. Therefore, screening programs have been proposed to identify curable lesions especially in individuals with a familial or genetic predisposition for PC. In this regard, Canto et al recently contributed an important article comparing computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound for the screening of 216 asymptomatic high-risk individuals (HRI). Pancreatic lesions were detected in 92 of 216 asymptomatic HRI (42.6%). The high diagnostic yield in this study raises several questions that need to be answered of which two will be discussed in detail in this commentary: First: which imaging test should be performed? Second and most importantly: what are we doing with incidentally detected pancreatic lesions? Which ones can be observed and which ones need to be resected?
文摘Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) typically has a sudden or progressive onset of severe visual loss and an ominous association with an occult malignancy which contains breast cancer. Pathologically, CAR is the degeneration of photoreceptors. But the precise mechanism has not been fully established, CAR may result from autoimmune mediated apoptosis. And in recent years, there also have been some results demonstrating that tumor derived angiogenic factors such as VEGF may also confer the development of CAR, which may offer novel avenues for the therapeutic intervention in CAR. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is critical for vision preservation. Future developments in rapid identification and longitudinal quantification of antibody levels would enable individualized management in these patients. The goal of this review was to analyze the epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and management of retinopathy in the context of recent advances in the elucidation of breast cancer-associated retinopathy (BCAR) pathogenesis.
