癌钙蛋白在视神经损伤修复中的作用及研究进展

作为一种特殊的钙调蛋白,癌钙蛋白(oncomodulin,OncoM,OCM)一直被认为只在肿瘤的发生、生长中起调节作用。然而近年来研究发现,OCM对视神经损伤具有修复功能,为神经损伤的治疗提供了更为广阔的视野。本文就目前OCM在视神经损伤修复中的作用及研究进展作一综述。

联结法^（125）I标记癌钙蛋白

介绍了从人体癌组织中提取、纯化肿瘤标志物──癌钙蛋白（简称ｏｎｃｏＭ），并采用联结法碘化标记了高比活性的１２５Ｉ－ｏｎｃｏＭ，其比活度为０．２０—０．３４ＴＢｑ／ｇ，放化纯度达９６％。放射免疫测定表明，当抗血清稀释度为１：４０００时，１２５Ｉ－ｏｎｃｏＭ与特异性抗体结合率达４０％，与非标记抗原能竞争结合抗体，获得良好的竞争抑制曲线。

癌钙蛋白放射免疫分析法研究

从人体癌组织中提取、纯化肿瘤标志物—癌钙蛋白(Oncomodulin,OncoM),用兔子制备OncoM抗血清,采用联结法碘化标记高比活性的^(125)I-OncoM,以平衡法建立OncoM-RIA。灵敏度为4.5μg/L,检测范围8～256μg/L,批内CV 2.95％,批间CV 10.78％,回收率均值为98.93％,与人体钙调素(Calmodulin,CaM)交叉反应率〈0.9％,建立的OncoM-RIA方法是稳定、正确、可靠的。

炎症反应相关蛋白与视神经损伤修复关系的研究进展

视神经损伤后的修复再生一直是近年来研究的热点。视神经损伤后,视网膜中常见的炎症反应相关蛋白表达均可发生不同程度的变化,在影响视神经修复与再生方面起着重要的作用。本文就炎症反应相关蛋白与视神经损伤修复关系的研究进展进行综述。

Influence of CXCR4/SDF-1 axis on E-cadherin/β-catenin complex expression in HT29 colon cancer cells

AIM： To study the influence of CXCR4/stromal cell- derived factor-1 （SDF-1） axis on E-cadherin/β-catenin complex expression in HT29 colon cancer ceils and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS： Effect of SDF-1 on E-cadherin/β-catenin expression was detected by immunocytochemistry. E-cadherin and/3-catenin mRNA expression levels were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. SDF-l-induced phosphorylation of phosphati- dylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/AKT and β-catenin was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS： The E-cadherin and β-catenin mRNA ex-pression levels in HT29 cells were lower 48 h after incubated with SDF-1 at the concentrations of 20 and 40 ng/mL （P 〈 0.05）. SDF-l-induced significant phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and β-catenin. AMD3100 and LY294002 inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and β-catenin. CONCLUSION： SDF-1 down-regulates the E-cadherin/ β-catenin complex expression in HT29 cells by decreasing mRNA synthesis and increasing β-catenin phosphorylation.

Syndecan-1 and E-cadherin expression in differentiated type of early gastric cancer

AIM: To elucidate the role and alterations of syndecan-1 and E-cadherin expression in different cellular phenotypes of differentiated-type gastric cancers (DGCs), METHODS: A total of 120 DGCs at an early stage, andtheir adjacent mucosa, were studied both by immunohistochemistry. Syndecan-1 and E-cadherin were assessed by immunohistochemical staining with anti-syndecan-1 and anti-E-cadherin antibodies, respectively. Based on immunohistochemistry, DGCs and their surrounding mucosa were divided into four types: gastric type (G-type),ordinary type (O-type), complete-intestinal type (CI-type),and null type (N-type).RESULTS: Syndecan-1 expression was significantly lower in G-type cancers (29.4%) than in O-type (79.6%) and CI-type cancers (90%) (P＜0.05, respectively), but E-cadherin did not show this result. In addition, syndecan-1 expression was significantly reduced in DGCs comprised partly of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet-ring cell carcinoma, compared to DGCs demonstrating papillary and/or tubular adenocarcinoma (P＜0.05). G-type intestinal metaplasia (IM) surrounding the tumors was observed in 23.8% of G-type, 4.9% of O-type, and 6.7% of CI-type cancers (P＜0.05; G-type vs O-type). Reduction of syndecan-1 expression was significant in G-type IM (25%) compared to non-G-type IM (75%; P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Loss of syndecan-1 plays a role in the growth of G-type cancers of DGCs at an early stage, and the reduction of syndecan-1 expression in IM surrounding the tumors may influence the growth of G-type cancer.

Expression and clinical significance of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex in breast cancer and precancerous lesions

Objective： The aim of our study was to observe the expressions and clinical Significance of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex in breast cancer and precancerous lesions, and analyze the relationship between the expressions and clinicopathological features in breast cancer. Methods： Immunhistochemical UltraSensitiveTM S-P method was employed to detect the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex in 128 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas, 89 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 57 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia, 53 cases of usual ductal hyperplasia breast tissues were selected as a control group. The express of E-cadherin, β-catenin and their relationship with mult biological parameters including histological grade, region lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence on files were also assessed. Results： （1） The staining patterns character of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex： In UDH breast tissues, E-cadherin and a-catenin were expressed on cell membrane of ductal and acinic cells, showing cellular contour and border among cells. The abnormal expression of the three proteins occurred in breast invasive ductal carcinomas, ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia tissues, showing cytoplasmic or nuclear staining, decrease and loss of cytomembrane staining. （2） The abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex in invasive ductal carcinomas were 53.91%, 65.63% and 81.25%, which were significantly higher than that in ductal carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, usual ductal hyperplasia tissues （P 〈 0.01）. Compared with usual ductal hyperplasia breast tissues group, the abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.01） in the breast cancer group. However, there was no significance of the abnormal expression rate between ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia tissues groups （X2 = 0.76, P = 0.38; x2 = 0.14, P = 0.70; x2 = 0.81, P = 0.37; X2 = 2.19, P = 0.14） （P 〉 0.05）. （3） There was a significantly difference in the mean E-cadherin, β-catenin and E- cadherin-catenins complex frequency between estrogen receptor ＆ progesterone receptor positive IDC group and negative group, epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 （HER2/neu） positive and negative groups, Ki-67 proliferation index 〈 14% and 〉 14% groups, histological grade （I ＋ II） and grade III invasive ductal carcinomas groups, with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and recurrence groups （P 〈 0.05） and without groups （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was no difference in the mean E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex frequency between age （_〈 50 years vs 〉 50 years）, tumor diameter （〈 2 cm vs 〉 2 cm） （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： In breast cancer, the expressions of E-cadherin, β-catenin and E-cadherin-catenins complex are abnormally decreased and are correlated with pathology grade, differentiation disturbance and metastasis. E- cadherin and β-catenin may be as the predictors for prognosis. Combined detection may improve accuracy and sensitivity of predicting metastasis and prognosis of breast Cancer.