In this paper, we extend the mapping deformation method proposed by Lou. It is used to find new exacttravelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equation or coupled nonlinear partial differential equat...In this paper, we extend the mapping deformation method proposed by Lou. It is used to find new exacttravelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equation or coupled nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs). Based on the idea of the homogeneous balance method, we construct the general mapping relation betweenthe solutions of the PDEs and those of the cubic nonlinear Klein-Gordon (NKG) equation. By using this relation andthe abundant solutions of the cubic NKG equation, many explicit and exact travelling wave solutions of three systemsof coupled PDEs, which contain solitary wave solutions, trigonometric function solutions, Jacobian elliptic functionsolutions, and rational solutions, are obtained.展开更多
There are numerous lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP),but the role of lake temperature in precipitation over the TP remains unclear.Here the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model was used to detect the impact of l...There are numerous lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP),but the role of lake temperature in precipitation over the TP remains unclear.Here the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model was used to detect the impact of lakes on summer rainfall.Three test cases were used to evaluate the effect of lakes surface temperature(LSTs) on precipitation variability.The three cases used different methods to determine initial LSTs,including using sea surface temperature data(SST),the WRF inland water module(avg_tsfc),and a lake model.Results show that when precipitation was stimulated over the TP,LSTs cannot be initialized using SST,which led to large discrepancies of precipitation.Compared with the simulations,the simulated precipitation were improved obviously with LSTs using avg_tsfc,indicating that LSTs have an considerable influence on determining precipitation over the TP.Due to a lack of observational data,the lake scheme does not improve on rainfall simulation,but does effectively simulate precipitation pattern over lakes,such as rainfall over the lakes was dominated by convection during the nighttime.Though the simulated precipitation using SST to initialize LSTs caused largediscrepancies,it suggested that precipitation increase especially convective precipitation with increase in LSTs,which confirmed that the moisture from lakes cannot be neglected over the TP.Generally,it was necessary to monitor the LSTs for accurate weather and climate prediction over the TP.展开更多
By using the general solutions of a new coupled Riccati equations, a direct algebraic method is described to construct doubly periodic solutions (Jacobi elliptic function solution) for the coupled nonlinear Klein-Gord...By using the general solutions of a new coupled Riccati equations, a direct algebraic method is described to construct doubly periodic solutions (Jacobi elliptic function solution) for the coupled nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations.It is shown that more doubly periodic solutions and the corresponding solitary wave solutions and trigonometric function solutions can be obtained in a unified way by this method.展开更多
The global burden caused by dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades. Dengue Fever and its severe clinical manifestation, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, have become international public...The global burden caused by dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades. Dengue Fever and its severe clinical manifestation, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, have become international public health problem endemic in more than 100 countries, risking 2.5 to 3 billion world populations in tropical and subtropical region. Envelope （E） protein of dengue virus has been proposed as the most important antigen that enables it as vaccine candidate or diagnostic materials. Recombinant protein E production is desirable for dengue vaccine and diagnostic development, especially in Indonesia, where dengue is epidemic. Cloning E gene in an expression vector is essential as an initial method to produce dengue E antigens. The purpose of this research was to clone E gene of dengue virus type 3 （Indonesia D3-1703 strain） into Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pYES2/CT. The cloning method used was the in vitro ligation protocol. First, the cDNA from dengue virus type 3 strain （D3-1703） was generated. Then the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification product of E gene cassette from this cDNA was obtained. The E gene cassette was ligated into linearized pYES2/CT resulting a recombinant vector named pYES2/CT-E. The cloned E gene was verified by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR. Sequencing analysis at its 5＇ end showed that the E gene was inserted at the right open reading frame. In conclusion, the results showed that for the first time the E gene originated from an Indonesian dengue virus type 3 strain was successfully cloned within the yeast expression vector pYES2/CT. In the future, this clone could be expressed and provided as materials for dengue vaccine and diagnostic kit, specific for Indonesian dengue virus strain.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we extend the mapping deformation method proposed by Lou. It is used to find new exacttravelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equation or coupled nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs). Based on the idea of the homogeneous balance method, we construct the general mapping relation betweenthe solutions of the PDEs and those of the cubic nonlinear Klein-Gordon (NKG) equation. By using this relation andthe abundant solutions of the cubic NKG equation, many explicit and exact travelling wave solutions of three systemsof coupled PDEs, which contain solitary wave solutions, trigonometric function solutions, Jacobian elliptic functionsolutions, and rational solutions, are obtained.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41401226 and 41190080)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2015M570865) joint support this work
文摘There are numerous lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP),but the role of lake temperature in precipitation over the TP remains unclear.Here the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model was used to detect the impact of lakes on summer rainfall.Three test cases were used to evaluate the effect of lakes surface temperature(LSTs) on precipitation variability.The three cases used different methods to determine initial LSTs,including using sea surface temperature data(SST),the WRF inland water module(avg_tsfc),and a lake model.Results show that when precipitation was stimulated over the TP,LSTs cannot be initialized using SST,which led to large discrepancies of precipitation.Compared with the simulations,the simulated precipitation were improved obviously with LSTs using avg_tsfc,indicating that LSTs have an considerable influence on determining precipitation over the TP.Due to a lack of observational data,the lake scheme does not improve on rainfall simulation,but does effectively simulate precipitation pattern over lakes,such as rainfall over the lakes was dominated by convection during the nighttime.Though the simulated precipitation using SST to initialize LSTs caused largediscrepancies,it suggested that precipitation increase especially convective precipitation with increase in LSTs,which confirmed that the moisture from lakes cannot be neglected over the TP.Generally,it was necessary to monitor the LSTs for accurate weather and climate prediction over the TP.
文摘By using the general solutions of a new coupled Riccati equations, a direct algebraic method is described to construct doubly periodic solutions (Jacobi elliptic function solution) for the coupled nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations.It is shown that more doubly periodic solutions and the corresponding solitary wave solutions and trigonometric function solutions can be obtained in a unified way by this method.
文摘The global burden caused by dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades. Dengue Fever and its severe clinical manifestation, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, have become international public health problem endemic in more than 100 countries, risking 2.5 to 3 billion world populations in tropical and subtropical region. Envelope （E） protein of dengue virus has been proposed as the most important antigen that enables it as vaccine candidate or diagnostic materials. Recombinant protein E production is desirable for dengue vaccine and diagnostic development, especially in Indonesia, where dengue is epidemic. Cloning E gene in an expression vector is essential as an initial method to produce dengue E antigens. The purpose of this research was to clone E gene of dengue virus type 3 （Indonesia D3-1703 strain） into Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pYES2/CT. The cloning method used was the in vitro ligation protocol. First, the cDNA from dengue virus type 3 strain （D3-1703） was generated. Then the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification product of E gene cassette from this cDNA was obtained. The E gene cassette was ligated into linearized pYES2/CT resulting a recombinant vector named pYES2/CT-E. The cloned E gene was verified by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR. Sequencing analysis at its 5＇ end showed that the E gene was inserted at the right open reading frame. In conclusion, the results showed that for the first time the E gene originated from an Indonesian dengue virus type 3 strain was successfully cloned within the yeast expression vector pYES2/CT. In the future, this clone could be expressed and provided as materials for dengue vaccine and diagnostic kit, specific for Indonesian dengue virus strain.
