恶性血液病感染引起死亡分析

恶性血液病患者由于其本身病变和反复化疗所致免疫受抑及骨髓抑制，常可引起严重的粒细胞缺乏症，导致严重的细菌及真菌感染，引起死亡。我们分析１９９０年１月－１９９５年１２月我院血液科住院的恶性血液病死亡病例１１９例，以探讨感染引起死亡的发生率及防治措施。１...

恶性血液病患者体内自由基变化的研究

作者测定某些血液病患者血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ），发现患者体内存在有自由基的产生增多及清除障碍，从而提示自由基与疾病状态下机体的损伤有着密切的关系。

The Value of CSF Level of β- amyloid Protein in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic potential of cerebrospmal fluid (CSF) levels of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) as biochemical marker for senile dementia in clinical practice. Methods : Sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed in our lalxrratory to delect the CSF levels of Aβt-40, Aβ1-42 in 54 patients with Alzlteimer's disease (AD), and 30 normal controls (NC). Results: The cut off value of Aβ ratio and Aβ1-42 concentration in NC group provided 54. 51%, 90. 00% sensitivity and 81. 25%, 84. 38% specificity respectively in diagnosis of AD. Conclusion : AD group had a significant decreased level of Aβ1-42 and an increased level of Aβ ratio, compared with NC group.

Non-traumatic splenic rupture:Report of seven cases and review of the literature

AIM： TO evaluate seven patients with non-traumatic splenic rupture （NSR）. NSR is an uncommon dramatic abdominal emergency that requires immediate diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment to ensure the patient＇s survival. METHODS： Within 11 years, seven cases were evaluated for patient characteristics, anamnesis and symptoms, method of diagnosis, findings of laparotomy, and etiology of NSR. RESULTS： There were six （86%） male and one female （14%） patient, whose mean age was 36 ± 12.8 （17-56） years. We report here four cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria （cases Ⅰ-Ⅳ）, one case of hemodialysis （case Ⅴ）, one case of spontaneous splenic rupture （case Ⅵ）, and one case of hairy cell leukemia （case Ⅶ）. Splenectomy was performed in all patients. All of them made an uneventful recovery and were discharged in stable condition. CONCLUSION： NSR is a rare entity that needs a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Using ultrasonography or computer tomography, and peritoneal aspiration of fresh blood may assist in the diagnosis of NSR. Increased awareness of NSR can enhance early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Spontaneous perforation of an intramural rectal hematoma:Report of a case

Spontaneous hematomas are rare and most occur secondary to hematologic disorders or during anticoa- gulant therapy. Most spontaneous hematomas occur above the sigmoid colon, and rarely in the rectum. Herein we present the case of a patient with a spontaneous perforating hematoma of the rectum who presented with severe abdominal pain after a bloody stool. The hemoglobin level decreased by 33 g/L within 20 h. An abdominal sonogram showed a hydrops in the lower abdomen with a maximum depth of 7.0 cm. A hematoma, 8 cm x 6 cmx 5 cm in size, was noted intra-operatively in the rectosigmoid junction, with a 1.5-cm perforation in the hematoma and active hemorrhage. Thus, a partial rectectomy and sigmoidostomy were performed. Three months later, a second opera- tive procedure to re-establish intestinal continuity was performed. The patient is in good condition 12 mo after the last surgery. In addition to this case, the causes of spontaneous perforating hematomas and the treatment are discussed.

Expression and purification of the complete PreS region of hepatitis B Virus

AIM: To express the complete PreS region of HBV in E.coli with good solubility and stability, and to establish an effective method for purification of the recombinant PreS protein. METHODS: The complete PreS region (PreS1 and PreS2) was fused into a series of tags including glutathione S-transferase (GST), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), maltose binding protein (MBP), 6× histidine, chitin binding domain (CBD), and thioredoxin, respectively. Expression of recombinant PreS fusion proteins was examined by SDS-PAGE analysis and confirmed by Western blot. Two fusion proteins, thio-PreS, and PreS-CBD, with desirable solubility and stability, were subjected to affinity purification and further characterization. RESULTS: Recombinant PreS fusion proteins could be synthesized with good yields in E.coli. However, most of these proteins except for thio-PreS and PreS-CBD were vulnerable to degradation or insoluble as revealed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Thio-PreS could be purified by affinity chromatography with nickel-chelating sepharose as the matrix. However, some impurities were also co-purified. A simple freeze-thaw treatment yielded most of the thio-PreS proteins in solution while the impurities were in the precipitate. Purified thio-PreS protein was capable of inhibiting the binding of HBV virion to a specific monoclonal antibody against an epitope within the PreS1 domain. CONCLUSION: Increased solubility and stability of the complete PreS region synthesized in E.coli can be achieved by fusion with the thioredoxin or the CBD tag. A simple yet highly effective method has been established for the purification of the thio-PreS protein. Purified thio-PreS protein likely assumes a native conformation, which makes it an ideal candidate for studying the structure of the PreS region as well as for screening antivirals.

EFFECTS OF HBV preS AS A HUMORAL ENHANCER ON THE ABILITIES OF HCV E2 PROTEIN TO INDUCE IMMUNE RESPONSESIN THE DNA-IMMUNIZED MICE

Objective.To study whether the abilities of hepatitis C virus(HCV)E2 gene immunization to induce humoral and cellular immune responses to E2 protein were affected by hepatitis B virus(HBV)preS gene when they were fused in DNA-immunized mice.Methods.Mice were immunized with E2,preS-E2(preS gene was upstream of E2 gene),and E2-preS(preS gene was downstream of E2 gene)gene by their eukaryotic expression vectors,respectively.The anti-E2 or anti-preS antibodies were detected using the E2 and preS antigens.The cellular immune response to E2 pro-tein in immunized mice was presented by its survival time after injecting SP2/O myeloma cells expressing HCV E2 protein into the abdominal cavity.Results. Chimeric E2 and preS gene immunization can induce mice to develop anti-preS and anti-E2 antibodies.The number of the mice developing anti-E2 antibody and the antibody titers in preS-E2 gene-injected group were higher than those in E2-preS gene-immunized group.However,the mice injected with E2 gene did not develop the detectable anti-E2 antibodies until 12 weeks after DNA immunization.After the mice was injected with target cells,the average survival time of the mice in the group immunized with E2 gene alone was longer than that of the group injected with E2 gene fused with HBV preS and was significantly longer than that of the control(P< 0.05).Conclusion.HBV preS might be a humoral enhancer that can affect the abilities of HCV E2 protein to in-duce immune responses in DNA-immunized mice.

Mathematical Simulation of Blood Purification for Leukemia by Immobilized L-asparaginase

Plasma was purified in an immobilized L-asparaginase column. The predicted results are in good agreement with experimental data. It is indicated that the mathematical model is suitable for the mass transfer and reaction of blood purification.

Expression of the B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia 11A Gene in Malignant Hematological Cell Lines through Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

The B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A （BCL11A） gene is essential for normal lymphoid development and has been associated with hematological malignancies. In the current study, the relative expression level of BCL11A in malignant hematological cell lines was evaluated through real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. METHODS The relative expression level of BCLllA mRNA in malignant hematological cell lines was determined through qRT- PCR using SYBR Green I dye. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro- genase was used as the reference gene to confirm the relative expression level of BCL11A gene mRNA. RESULTS The relative expression level of BCL11A mRNA in cell lines from B-cell malignancies was significantly higher compared with that from acute rnyeloid leukemia （P 〈 0.05）. Different cell lines with malignant B-cells exhibited a wide range of BCL11A expressions ranging from 27.37 to 93.38. CONCLUSION The overexpression of BCL11A gene mRNA in malignant B-cells might play a role in B-cell lymphoma/leukemia.

Impact of asialoglycoprotein receptor deficiency on the development of liver injury

The asialoglycoprotein （ASGP） receptor is a wellcharacterized hepatic receptor that is recycled via the common cellular process of receptor-mediated endocytosis （RME）. The RME process plays an integral part in the proper trafficking and routing of receptors and ligands in the healthy cell. Thus, the missorting or altered transport of proteins during RME is thought to play a role in several diseases associated with hepatocyte and liver dysfunction. Previously, we examined in detail alterations that occur in hepatocellular RME and associated receptor functions as a result of one particular liver injury, alcoholic liver disease （ALD）. The studies revealed profound ethanol- mediated impairments to the ASGP receptor and the RME process, indicating the importance of this receptor and the maintenance of proper endocytic events in normal tissue. To further clarify these observations, studies were performed utilizing knockout mice （lacking a functional ASGP receptor） to which were administered several liver toxicants. In addition to alcohol, we examined the effects following administration of anti- Fas （CD95） antibody, carbon tetrachloride （CCh） and lipopolysaccharide （LPS）/galactosamine. The results of these studies demonstrated that the knockout mice sustained enhanced liver injury in response to all of the treatments, as shown by increased indices of liver damage, such as enhancement of serum enzyme levels, histopathological scores, as well as hepatocellular death. Overall, the work completed to date suggests a possible link between hepatic receptors and liver injury. In particular, adequate function and content of the ASGP receptor may provide protection against various toxinmediated liver diseases.

The Establishment of Immunochemistry Test Based on a Synthetic Peptide Antibody for the Detection of a Porcine Circovirus-Like Virus P1

Recently, a novel porcine circovirus-like virus P1 with a circular DNA genome of 0.648 kb was identified. P1 antigen was detected both in vitro and in vivo by synthetic peptide-derived polyclonal antibody-based immunochemistry. The designed peptides were synthesized by solid-phase technique, purified by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and injected into rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody. The emergence of positive cells revealed that synthetic peptide could elicit antibodies against P1 and viral protein could be synthesized. The polyclonal peptide antibodies described here was successfully applied to immunochemical staining and proved helpful in diagnosing P1.

Fighting against hematological malignancy in China: from unique system to global impact

During recent decades, substantial progress has been made in clinical strategies for treating hematological malignancies. Not only did China benefit from the global progression in the management of acute promyelocytic leukemia, risk-stratification-directed strategies for acute or chronic leukemia and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the unique system developed by Chinese doctors has also become inspiration for refining global clinical practice. The multicenter trials and collaborations adhering to international standards might further strengthen the global impact and lead the way in specific fields of research worldwide.

Association between SNP rs1800875,serum chymase and immunoglobulin E levels in patients with coronary heart disease

Objective:The gene for mast cell chymase (CMA1) is an ideal candidate for investigating the genetic predisposition to coronary heart disease (CHD),as activated mast cells have been found to be present in a greater proportion in the shoulder region of atheroma than in normal coronary intimae.Previous studies have indicated that CMA1 promoter polymorphism rs1800875 may be involved in regulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in patients with eczema,and it is associated with the progression of immunoglobulin A nephropathy.Methods:The association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800875,serum chymase,and serum IgE levels was examined in 175 CHD subjects and 95 non-CHD subjects.Results:Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in allele frequency between CHD and non-CHD.However,a significant association was found between CMA1 genotypes and total IgE levels in CHD subjects.Meanwhile,crossover analysis revealed that,in GG homozygotes,CHD risk was nearly six times higher in those with IgE (U/ml) level <2.58 (natural logarithm conversion),while no association was found with chymase level.Conclusions:Polymorphism rs1800875 of CMA1 may be associated with serum IgE level in CHD subjects,but not with chymase level in both groups.In GG homozygotes,high IgE level is a protective factor against coronary disease.

Fighting Leukemia

Chinese physicians find new methods to treat the disease After more than three hours of collection,299 ml of hematopoietic stem cell suspension was extracted from the body of Ji Guochen,a postman in Suzhou,capital city of east China’s Jiangsu Province,