A/M： To investigate the intercellular spaces between the most superficially located esophageal epithelial cells in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD）. METHODS： Eighteen patients with erosive esop...A/M： To investigate the intercellular spaces between the most superficially located esophageal epithelial cells in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD）. METHODS： Eighteen patients with erosive esophagitis, 10 patients with non-erosive reflux disease （NERD）, and 18 normal asymptomatic volunteers were enrolled. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the lower esophageal mucosa without ulcer or erosion. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the tightness of the superficial cellular attachment. RESULTS： The intercellular space between the most superficially located epithelial cells in patients with erosive esophagitis or NERD was not different from that in asymptomatic healthy individuals. CONCLUSION： Widened luminal intercellular spaces of esophageal superficial epithelium are not responsible for the induction of reflux symptoms in patients with GERD.展开更多
Recent results for side-on ignition of uncompressed proton-boron （HB 11） fusion that use the Chu-Bobin side-on ignition with petawatt-picosecond laser pulses is extended to the reaction of helium 3-helium 3 （He3）....Recent results for side-on ignition of uncompressed proton-boron （HB 11） fusion that use the Chu-Bobin side-on ignition with petawatt-picosecond laser pulses is extended to the reaction of helium 3-helium 3 （He3）. The HBll reaction resulted in radioactivity is lower values than from burning coal per generated energy. This was based on the very rare experiments with extreme suppression ofpre-pulses in order to suppress relativistic self-focusing. Subsequently, acceleration of highly directed plasma blocks of modest temperature and ultra-high ion current densities above 10H Amps/cm2 were measured in agreement with earlier derived theory. This permits the conditions of the Chu-Bobin for side-on ignition of solid density fusion. Results for similar neutron lean He3 are reported. A detailed comparison with the usual spherical laser compression and ignition of fusion is given for clarifying the basic differences of the ignition process.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship between the temperature and the microvascular blood flow of the cerebral cortex, and the influence of electro-acupuncture (EA) on the cortical microcirculation. Methods: High ...Objective:To investigate the relationship between the temperature and the microvascular blood flow of the cerebral cortex, and the influence of electro-acupuncture (EA) on the cortical microcirculation. Methods: High temperature spots on the anterior ectosylvian and low temperature spots on the posterior suprasylvian on the cortical surface of 20 cats were identified using cortical infrared thermography (CIT); the blood flow in the microcirculation on these spots was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry. EA was given at Zusanli (ST 36) and changes in the blood flow in the cerebral cortex microcirculation were detected. Results: 1) The mean temperatures on the high (34.83±0.24°C) and low (32.28±0.27°C) temperature spots were significantly different (P<0.001); this was indicative of a temperature difference on the cortical surface; 2) The average blood flow in the microcirculation of the high (266.8±19.2 PU) and low (140.8±9.9 PU) temperature spots was significantly different (P<0.001). 3) On the cortical high temperature spots, the mean blood flow in the microcirculation significantly increased from 266.8±86.8 PU before EA, to 422.5±47.4 PU following 5 minutes of EA (58.35%; P<0.01), and 431.8±52.8 PU 5 minutes after ceasing EA (61.84%; P<0.01). 4) On the low temperature spots, there were no significant differences in blood flow following 5 minutes of EA (146.3±11.5 PU), and 5 minutes after ceasing EA (140.5±11.6 PU), when compared with that before acupuncture (140.8±9.9 PU; P>0.9). Conclusion: The high temperature spots of the cortex are active functional regions of neurons with higher blood flow and a stronger response to EA. EA induces a significant increase in blood flow in the high temperature spots of the cortex.展开更多
Purpose： In order to explore the clinical mechanism of Neiguan （PC 6） in the treatment of acute seizure of migraine and the relationship between Neiguan （PC 6） and cerebral blood flow. Methods： Clinically, 30 ca...Purpose： In order to explore the clinical mechanism of Neiguan （PC 6） in the treatment of acute seizure of migraine and the relationship between Neiguan （PC 6） and cerebral blood flow. Methods： Clinically, 30 cases of the patients with acute seizure of migraine （ascending phase） were selected, in TCD abnormality, and divided randomly into the treatment group and control group, 15 cases in each group. In acute seizure of migraine, Neiguan （PC 6） was punctured with electric stimulation on the healthy side of the patients in the treatment group and Xuehai （SP 10） was punctured with electric stimulation on the healthy side of the patients in the control group. TCD was determined in the patients 30 min before and after the treatment. Results and conclusion： After transdermal electric stimulation on Neiguan （PC 6）, the velocity of intracranial blood flow was obviously slowed down, indicating that transdermal electric stimulation on Neiguan （PC 6） can effectively relieve the spasm of intracranial blood vessels and also shows its relative specificity.展开更多
It is currently difficult for the amputee to perceive environmental information such as tactile pressure on the fingertip of the present upper limb prostheses.Sensory feedback induced by cutaneous electrical stimulati...It is currently difficult for the amputee to perceive environmental information such as tactile pressure on the fingertip of the present upper limb prostheses.Sensory feedback induced by cutaneous electrical stimulation can be used to transmit tactile information from hand prostheses to sensory nerve of intact upper arm, thus producing the corresponding perceptions in human brain. In order to have a deeper understanding on the distribution of stimulation current within the limb, and find a better placement of the stimulating and reference electrodes, we constructed a three-dimensional upper-limb model to systematically study the effect of electrode placement on current distribution based on finite element analysis. In these simulations, the reference electrode is positioned at four different locations around and on the axial direction of the arm. The results show that with the increase of distance between reference electrode and stimulating electrode, the current density increases in the skin layer of the upper limb.When the reference electrode is on the opposite side of stimulating electrode around the arm, the current is more concentrated in the skin layer, which is in line with recent findings in psychophysiological experiments. But better spatial selectivity could be achieved when the reference electrode is closer to the stimulating electrode around the arm, and it is more obvious in comparison with that on the axial direction. These findings will provide insights for the design of electrode array used for evoking cutaneous sensory afferents.展开更多
基金The Grants-in-Aid from Science Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, No. 19590724
文摘A/M： To investigate the intercellular spaces between the most superficially located esophageal epithelial cells in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD）. METHODS： Eighteen patients with erosive esophagitis, 10 patients with non-erosive reflux disease （NERD）, and 18 normal asymptomatic volunteers were enrolled. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the lower esophageal mucosa without ulcer or erosion. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the tightness of the superficial cellular attachment. RESULTS： The intercellular space between the most superficially located epithelial cells in patients with erosive esophagitis or NERD was not different from that in asymptomatic healthy individuals. CONCLUSION： Widened luminal intercellular spaces of esophageal superficial epithelium are not responsible for the induction of reflux symptoms in patients with GERD.
文摘Recent results for side-on ignition of uncompressed proton-boron （HB 11） fusion that use the Chu-Bobin side-on ignition with petawatt-picosecond laser pulses is extended to the reaction of helium 3-helium 3 （He3）. The HBll reaction resulted in radioactivity is lower values than from burning coal per generated energy. This was based on the very rare experiments with extreme suppression ofpre-pulses in order to suppress relativistic self-focusing. Subsequently, acceleration of highly directed plasma blocks of modest temperature and ultra-high ion current densities above 10H Amps/cm2 were measured in agreement with earlier derived theory. This permits the conditions of the Chu-Bobin for side-on ignition of solid density fusion. Results for similar neutron lean He3 are reported. A detailed comparison with the usual spherical laser compression and ignition of fusion is given for clarifying the basic differences of the ignition process.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Fund of China (No. 39770925)Science Research Fund of The Ministry of Personnel for Excellent Returnees (1998)Beijing Key Laboratory Fund of The Science and Technology Commission of Beijing (951890600)
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship between the temperature and the microvascular blood flow of the cerebral cortex, and the influence of electro-acupuncture (EA) on the cortical microcirculation. Methods: High temperature spots on the anterior ectosylvian and low temperature spots on the posterior suprasylvian on the cortical surface of 20 cats were identified using cortical infrared thermography (CIT); the blood flow in the microcirculation on these spots was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry. EA was given at Zusanli (ST 36) and changes in the blood flow in the cerebral cortex microcirculation were detected. Results: 1) The mean temperatures on the high (34.83±0.24°C) and low (32.28±0.27°C) temperature spots were significantly different (P<0.001); this was indicative of a temperature difference on the cortical surface; 2) The average blood flow in the microcirculation of the high (266.8±19.2 PU) and low (140.8±9.9 PU) temperature spots was significantly different (P<0.001). 3) On the cortical high temperature spots, the mean blood flow in the microcirculation significantly increased from 266.8±86.8 PU before EA, to 422.5±47.4 PU following 5 minutes of EA (58.35%; P<0.01), and 431.8±52.8 PU 5 minutes after ceasing EA (61.84%; P<0.01). 4) On the low temperature spots, there were no significant differences in blood flow following 5 minutes of EA (146.3±11.5 PU), and 5 minutes after ceasing EA (140.5±11.6 PU), when compared with that before acupuncture (140.8±9.9 PU; P>0.9). Conclusion: The high temperature spots of the cortex are active functional regions of neurons with higher blood flow and a stronger response to EA. EA induces a significant increase in blood flow in the high temperature spots of the cortex.
文摘Purpose： In order to explore the clinical mechanism of Neiguan （PC 6） in the treatment of acute seizure of migraine and the relationship between Neiguan （PC 6） and cerebral blood flow. Methods： Clinically, 30 cases of the patients with acute seizure of migraine （ascending phase） were selected, in TCD abnormality, and divided randomly into the treatment group and control group, 15 cases in each group. In acute seizure of migraine, Neiguan （PC 6） was punctured with electric stimulation on the healthy side of the patients in the treatment group and Xuehai （SP 10） was punctured with electric stimulation on the healthy side of the patients in the control group. TCD was determined in the patients 30 min before and after the treatment. Results and conclusion： After transdermal electric stimulation on Neiguan （PC 6）, the velocity of intracranial blood flow was obviously slowed down, indicating that transdermal electric stimulation on Neiguan （PC 6） can effectively relieve the spasm of intracranial blood vessels and also shows its relative specificity.
基金National Basic Research Program of Chinagrant number:2011CB013304
文摘It is currently difficult for the amputee to perceive environmental information such as tactile pressure on the fingertip of the present upper limb prostheses.Sensory feedback induced by cutaneous electrical stimulation can be used to transmit tactile information from hand prostheses to sensory nerve of intact upper arm, thus producing the corresponding perceptions in human brain. In order to have a deeper understanding on the distribution of stimulation current within the limb, and find a better placement of the stimulating and reference electrodes, we constructed a three-dimensional upper-limb model to systematically study the effect of electrode placement on current distribution based on finite element analysis. In these simulations, the reference electrode is positioned at four different locations around and on the axial direction of the arm. The results show that with the increase of distance between reference electrode and stimulating electrode, the current density increases in the skin layer of the upper limb.When the reference electrode is on the opposite side of stimulating electrode around the arm, the current is more concentrated in the skin layer, which is in line with recent findings in psychophysiological experiments. But better spatial selectivity could be achieved when the reference electrode is closer to the stimulating electrode around the arm, and it is more obvious in comparison with that on the axial direction. These findings will provide insights for the design of electrode array used for evoking cutaneous sensory afferents.
