Influence of quality assurance on patients dose reduction in some hospitals

The radiation dose received by patients undergoing chest radiography was included. 200 patients who attended these investigations in 10 hospitals in Iran were randomly selected from all ages groups and both female and male. Critically ill patients were excluded. This paper presents the work, which was implemented on 200 patients and evaluated using the entrance skin dose （ESD） in the posterior anterior （PA） chest projection measured directly at the center of the X-ray field. In addition, the machine room, and dark room .parameters, as well as work practices and repeat rates were studied. The quality control （QC） parameters and the ESD before and after QC were evaluated utilizing an anthropomorphic phantom to define the optimal exposure condition at all hospitals. This research shows that after using the QC parameters and after optimization of the exposure conditions, the ESD was decreased by 42% on average. Also the qua/ity of the radiographs generally increased. The reported method is easily implemented in any clinical situation where optimization of chest radiography is needed.

DETERMINATION OF SUPERFICAL ABSORBED DOSE FROMEXTERNAL EXPOSURE OF WEAKLY PENETRATING RADEATIONS

The methods of determining the superficial absorbed dose distributions in a water phantom by means of the experiments and available theories have been reported. The distributions of beta dose were measured by an extrapolation ionization chamber at definite depthes corresponding to some superficial organs and tissues such as the radiosensitive layer of the skin, cornea, sclera, anterior chamber and lens of eyeball.The ratios among superficial absorbed dose D (0.07) and average absorbed doses at the depthes 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 mm are also obtained with Cross's methods. They can be used for confining the deterministic effects of some superficial tissues and organs such as the skin and the components of eyeball for weakly penetrating radiations.

Contemporary Medical Qigong： Introduction to Holo-Cosmic Qigong

The word of “qi” means the air. That is the breathing air exercise of changing air for the body. The oxygen is breathed in and the carbon dioxide is going out. It is including lute style breathing, lower part breathing, skin breathing, acupuncture points breathing, baby breathing, etc. Also, there is breathing in long and out, short, one in and three out, counting number, etc. There are so many different kinds method and the effect or result will be totally different. So, we call it helping-life at ancient. It had a completed human medical theory for fundamental to make the life freedom and living colorful.

EFFECTS OF SDS,PBS SOLUTIONS UPON FLUORESCENCE VALUES OF DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERRONYSSINUS RADIOALLERGOSORBENT TEST INHIBITION

Objective To explore the effects of SDS, PBS re-dissolvent solutions on fluorescence values of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition. Methods Dermatophagoides pterronyssinus allergen immunoCAP and UniCAP 100 System were used. The Sera Pool consisted of 20 Dermatophagoides pterronyssinus allergic patients sera, their specific IgE fluorescence values were between 12 505 and 24 776. Results Fluorescence value percentages decreased: 62.9%, 54.1%, 43.5%, 6.7%, 3.7%, 2.6%, 2.2%, and 1.4% respectively, when SDS concentrations were at 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01%. Fluorescence values decreased more than 5% with SDS concentrations equal to 0.25% or higher. PBS in 0.1 and 0.01 mol/L concentrations decreased fluorescence values 2.9% and 0.9% respectively. Conclusions SDS is a commonly used surfactants in allergen extract and re-dissolvent prepared allergen precipitation for RAST inhibition. Thus effects of surfactants (e.g. SDS) upon the RAST inhibition tests must be considered when they were used as re-dissolvent agents to improve protein resolution in RAST inhibition.

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群胸争霸在全球众多女星当中,你认为哪位女星的胸部最美?英国著名的娱乐杂志《Loaded》经过几周的筛选和比较,在全球娱乐圈中评选出了100位胸部最美的女星,其中影星Monica Bellucci、Salma Hayek、Halle Berry。

Effect of stimulating the acupoints Feishu (BL 13) and Dazhui (GV14) on transdermal uptake of sinapine thiocyanate in asthma gel

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of stimulating the acupoints Feishu(BL 13) and Dazhui(GV 14) on the transdermal uptake of sinapine thiocyanate contained in a gel used for the management of asthma.METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three equal groups using a random number table: the Feishu(BL 13) acupoint group, the Dazhui(GV 14) acupoint group, and the nonacupoint group or control group. Using micro-dialysis technology, preprocessed skin probes were implanted into the rats at Feishu(BL 13), Dazhui(GV 14), and a nonacupoint site. Asthma gel was then placed on the skin at Feishu(BL 13), Dazhui(GV14) acupoints, and the nonacupoint for all groups.Dialysate was collected every 30 min for 12 h. The normalized concentration of sinapine thiocyanate in the skin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: The rat in vivo transdermal experiment demonstrated that the quantity-time equation showed a good linear correlation with zero-order kinetics(r > 0.99). The transdermal behavior was in accordance with the first-order rate open model in which the transdermal penetration rates and the accumulative amounts of sinapine thiocyanate in the skin at the acupoint sites were greater than those through the skin of the nonacupoint site. The systemic maximum concentration and the area under the curve of sinapine thiocyanate in the acupoint groups were significantly greater than in the nonacupoint group. A lag time was observed in both acupoint groups, but not in the nonacupoint group.CONCLUSION: Stimulating the acupoints promotes the percutaneous absorption of sinapine thiocyanate and also controls its release, reducing concentration fluctuations in the blood.