绵羊嗜皮菌病间接免疫酶标组织化学检测方法的建立

为建立一种用于绵羊刚果嗜皮菌病的免疫酶标组化法,采用兔抗刚果嗜皮菌抗体及羊抗兔HRP抗体,对2只人工感染刚果嗜皮菌的绵羊病变皮肤切片进行了免疫酶标组化检测,并与分离培养、PCR方法进行比较,结果显示2只人工感染绵羊皮肤病料均为阳性,与PCR、分离培养及刚果嗜皮菌阳性对照符合率为100%;而健康绵羊皮肤切片、大肠杆菌、肠球菌阴性对照涂片均为阴性。建立的免疫酶组化方法可用于检测绵羊刚果嗜皮菌,且具有特异性强,操作简便等特点。

牦犊牛疑似刚果嗜皮菌病

多年来,在山丹马场牦牛群中一直流行一种皮肤病。牧工称为“骚”,兽医认为“螨病”,或“日光性皮炎”。尽管此病直接造成死亡者不多,由于患畜行动困难,采食受阻碍,体形消瘦,越冬困难。

牛嗜皮菌病和皮肤钱癣病的诊治

本文介绍牛牛嗜皮菌病和皮肤钱癣病的诊断、预防和治疗方法。

绵羊刚果嗜皮菌病研究进展

绵羊刚果嗜皮菌病是由刚果嗜皮菌（Dermatophilus congolensis）引起各种动物及人的一种皮肤传染病,曾称绵羊真菌性皮炎、疙瘩羊毛病、羊毒样腐蹄病、皮肤雨伤病,以头部、腹部和四肢皮肤形成紧密粘着的毛结和红棕色痂块性皮疹为特征。1病原学嗜皮菌属于嗜皮菌科（Dermatophilaceae）嗜皮菌属（Dermatophilus）的成员,菌体结构因培养基类型及培养时间不同而不同,有菌丝期和孢子期两个生长期，孢子具游动性有较强感染能力。

塔额垦区绵羊嗜皮菌病的诊断与治疗

绵羊嗜皮菌病是以人畜共患的皮肤传染病,以在皮肤表层发生渗出性皮炎并形成痂为特征。本文对一起绵羊嗜皮菌病的临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断等内容进行了详细叙述,并对其防治措施进行了总结,供同行参考。

獭兔皮肤石膏样毛癣菌病的诊治

1999年7月,河南省新乡市郊区某良种兔场22只5月龄獭兔发生了皮肤癣菌病,经诊断为石膏样毛癣菌引起的皮肤癣菌病,现报告如下。1 临诊症状 早期可见病兔鼻部、眼眶、耳根、背部及尾部皮肤出现红斑,继而出现白色结痂,突出皮肤表面,与周围界限比较清晰,结痂不易剥落。

不同剂量伊曲康唑治疗皮肤癣菌病的疗效比较

用200mg/d7日及100mg/d10日(十日疗法)伊曲康唑分别治疗51例和44例皮肤癣菌病患者,两组的临床治愈率分别为90.2％和84.1％,经统计学处理两组无显著性差异。作者认为“十日疗法”具有疗效好,费用低的优点。

国际兽疫局控制的乙类传染病

牛的传染病:微粒孢子虫病、巴贝斯焦虫病、泰勤焦虫病、牛布氏杆菌病(B.abortus)、牛生殖道弯曲菌病、牛结核、牛囊尾蚴病、嗜皮菌病、牛地方性白血病、出血性败血病、牛传染性鼻气管炎、滴虫病、锥虫病、牛坏疽性鼻炎、牛海绵状脑病。

Screening and Taxonomic Status of a Highly Efficient Antifungal Strain against Cytospora chrysosperma

In order to look for Trichderma strains which have inhibiting effects on Cytospora chrysosperma, total 29 domestic and foreign Trichderma strains were screened by confrontation culture and growth rate method. The physiological ecology characteristics and taxonomic statuses of the screened highly efficient antifungal strains were studied. The results showed that the n-butanol extract from T-33 fer- mentation liquid showed the highest inhibition rate （94.2%） against mycelial growth, and its inhibition rate against spore germination was up to 100%. For the growth of T-33 strain, the optimum carbon source was glucose with optimum content of 3% （g/L）; the optimum nitrogen source was soy four with optimum content of 0.02% （g/L）; the optimum initial pH of culture medium was 6; the optimum culture temper- ature was 25 ℃. The 18S rDNA sequencing results showed that the full length of ITS sequence was 583 bp, and the T-33 strain was verified as Trichoderma viride.

Different cytokine response of primary colonic epithelial cells to commensal bacteria

AIM: To determine if primary murine colonic epithelial cells (CEC) respond to commensal bacteria and discriminate between different types of bacteria. METHODS: A novel CEC: bacteria co-culture system was used to compare the ability of the colonic commensal bacteria, Bacteroides ovatus, E coli(SLF) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) to modulate production of different cytokines (n = 15) by primary CEC. Antibody staining and flow cytometry were used to investigate Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression by CEC directly ex vivo and TLR responsiveness was determined by examining the ability of TLR ligands to influence CEC cytokine production. RESULTS: Primary CEC constitutively expressed functional TLR2 and TLR4. Cultured in complete medium alone, CEC secreted IL-6, MCP-1 and IP-10 the levels of which were significantly increased upon addition of the TLR ligands peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Exposure to the commensal bacteria induced or up-regulated different patterns of cytokine production and secretion.E coli induced production of MIP-1α/β and p defensin3 whereas B. ovatus and L. rhamnosus exclusively induced MCP-1 and MIP-2α expression, respectively. TNFa, RANTES and MEC were induced or up-regulated in response to some but not all of the bacteria whereas ENA78 and IP-10 were up-regulated in response to all bacteria. Evidence of bacterial interference and suppression of cytokine production was obtained from mixed bacterial: CEC co-cultures. Probiotic LGG suppressed E coli- and B. ovatus-induced cytokine mRNA accumulation and protein secretion. CONCLUSION: These observations demonstrate the ability of primary CEC to respond to and discriminate between different strains of commensal bacteria and identify a mechanism by which probiotic bacteria (LGG) may exert anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.

THE FIRST CASE OF PROTOTHECOSIS ZOPFII IN CHINA

Objective. Report of first case of Protothecosis zopfii in China and causes the skin infection in the world. Method.By clinical and laboratory examinations to confirm the diagnosis and the response to treatment. By the review of literatures to confirm the first case of human skin infection in the world. Result.From the literatures and the clinical pictures, it is confirmed that this is the first case report of Protothecosis zopfii of skin in the world. Conclusion.The first case of Protothecosis zopfii in human being was reported and successfully treated with local infiltration of Diflucan (fluconazole) 3ml (2mg/ml)/week×4.

16S rRNA Gene Phylogenesis of Culturable Predominant Bacteria from Diseased Apostichopus japonicus(Holothuroidea,Echinodermata)

Cultured Apostichopus japonicus in China suffers from a kind of skin ulceration disease that has caused severe economic loss in recent years. The disease,pathogens of which are supposed to be bacteria by most researchers,is highly infectious and can often cause all individuals in the same culture pool to die in a very short time. The 16S rRNA gene phylogenesis of the culturable bacteria from the lesions of diseased individuals was conducted to study the biodiversity of the bacterial communities in the lesions and to identify probable pathogen(s) associated with this kind of disease. S. japonica samples were selected from a hatchery located in the eastern part of Qingdao,China. Bacterial universal primers GM5F and DS907R were used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria colonies,and touchdown PCR was performed to amplify the target sequences. The results suggest that γ-proteobacteria(Alteromonadales and Vibrionales) of CFB group,many strains of which have been also determined as pathogens in other marine species,are the predominant bacterial genera of the diseased Apostichopus japonicus individuals.

Relevance of MUC1 mucin variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in H pylori adhesion to gastric epithelial cells

AIM:To evaluate the influence of MUC1 mucin variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) variability on H pylori adhesion to gastric cells. METHODS: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based adhesion assays were performed to measure the adhesion of different H pylori strains (HP26695 and HPTx30a) to gastric carcinoma cell lines (GP202 and MKN45) and GP202 clones expressing recombinant MUC1 with different VNTR lengths. RESULTS: Evaluation of adhesion results shows that H pylori pathogenic strain HP26695 has a significantly higher (P < 0.05) adhesion to all the cell lines and clones tested, when compared to the non-pathogenic strain HPTx30a. Bacteria showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) adhesion to the GP202 cell line, when compared to the MKN45 cell line. Furthermore, both strains showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) adhesion to GP202 clones with larger MUC1 VNTR domains. CONCLUSION: This work shows that MUC1 mucin variability conditions H pylori binding to gastric cells. The extent of bacterial adhesion depends on the size of theMUC1 VNTR domain. The adhesion is further dependent on bacterial pathogenicity and the gastric cell line. MUC1 mucin variability may contribute to determine H pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa.

Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Zostera marina Against Pathogens of Apostichopus japonicus Skin Ulceration Disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of extracts from Zostera marina against the pathogens of Apostichopus japonicus skin ulceration disease.When 95% ethanol (v/v) solvent was used to extract Zostera marina at 50℃,aqueous extract (ZA) showed obvious bacteriostatic effects on the tested bacterial strains (inhibition halo diameters between 8.23 mm and 13.62 mm),whereas the ethyl acetate extract (ZE) was almost inactive.The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZA against four pathogens were homogeneous at 12.8 g L-1.ZA components were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay and six fractions were obtained.In another study,the six fractions showed inhibitory effects against the tested bacteria while their functions seemed to counteract the ZA activity.

Comparison and Evaluation of Three Animal Models for Studyingthe Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis

In order to compare and evaluate three animal models for studying the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, three experimental animal models, namely, murine intra-venous LD 50, mouse foreign body infection and rat central venous catheter (CVC) infection models were used to assess the relative virulence of two S. epidermidis strains, ATCC 12228 and 97-337. The results from three animal models were comparable, indicating S.epidermidis 97-337 was more virulent than strain ATCC 12228. The rat CVC infection model best mimicked the conditions of clinical patients with intra-venous catheters, and more information could be obtained from this model. We conclude that different in vivo models serve for different purposes, and the rat CVC infection model is most suitable for studying specific characteristics of catheter related infections caused by S. epidermidis strains.

Presence of Alternaria in Scalp of Patients with Alopecia Areata： Triggering Factor or Coexistence？

AA （Alopecia areata） is the most frequent cause of inflammation-induced hair loss, affecting 0.1 to 0.2% of population worldwide. The development of organ-specific autoimmune reactions directed against anagen hair follicles seems to play a key role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. However, the triggering antigen（s） responsible for inducing autoimmune phenomena in these individuals remain unknown. Viral, bacterial or fungal pathogens have been implied as possible triggering factors of autoimmune reactions. The present study aims to identify the role of dematiaceous fungi in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. 30 patients diagnosed clinically as alopecia areata and 30 normal age matched persons have undergone mycological examination. Mycology examination of the epidermal scrapings was done by DME （direct microscopic examination）, culture on SDA （sabouraud＇s dextrose agar） and imaging. There is significantly higher percentage of positive results for Alternaria species by culture on sabouraud＇s agar in patients group （20%） compared to controls （13.3%） P-value 〈 0.05. The possible role of Alternaria antigens （e.g. antigens involved in melanin synthesis） in triggering autoimmunity in alopecia areata still needs further research on a wider scale of cases.

Epidemiological investigation of Histoplasma capsulatum infection in China

Objectives To provide reliable information concerning the presence or the absence of Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) infection in China, and data concerning this respect.Methods Three hundred normal people and 435 hospitalized patients, who lived in Hunan and Jiangsu provinces, and the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, were tested with yeast-phase histoplasmin (ALK/Berkerley Biologicals Laboratories, USA) and human pure protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) on the volar surface of the forearm. Any reaction to the antigens over 5.0?mm in diameter of induration at 48-72?hours was considered positive. Results A total of 138 subjects (18.8%) in 735 patients reacted to histoplasmin with 5.0-45.0 (9.1±4.3)?mm indurations. Significant differences of positive skin reaction rates in normal subjects were found in Hunan, Jiangsu and Xinjiang (8.9% vs 15.1% vs 2.1%). The overall positive rate of patients was 25.5%. Patients with tuberculosis [31.7% (78/246)] had a significantly higher positive skin reaction rate in comparison with those suffering from pneumonia [17.7% (11/62)], lung cancer [20.9% (9/43)], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [17.3% (9/52)] and other diseases [12.5% (4/32)] (P<0.01). Of 562 cases, 292 cases (52.0%) reacted to PPD with indurations of 5-50 (13.7±4.9)mm in diameter, 63 cases (11.2%) reacted to both histoplasmin and PPD, while 38 cases (6.9%) reacted to histoplasmin but not to PPD.Conclusions The data suggest that there is H. capsulatum herd infection in China. The infection rate in Southeast China is higher than that in the Northwest, and the infection rate of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is higher than that of normal persons and other pneumonopathy patients.