秦岭—大别造山带北侧盆地序列及油气前景

秦岭—大别造山带北侧存在多个盆地,其中有些盆地中已有一定的油气显示。近年来地质、地球化学研究成果表明,秦岭—大别造山带北侧主要发育6个世代的盆地序列,分别是:1)被动大陆边缘盆地(-C1—O2);2)弧后盆地(O2—C1);3)残余盆地(C2—T2),其中可分为残余盆地第1阶段(C2—P12)和残余盆地第2阶段(P12—T2);4)陆内前陆盆地(T3—J2);5)张扭性盆地(J3—K1);6)断—拗盆地(K2—E)。秦岭—大别造山带北侧盆地发育6套烃源岩层系,分别是古近系、下白垩统、下侏罗统、上三叠统、石炭—二叠系和下古生界,并进行了相关烃源岩层系的成藏特征分析。东秦岭—大别山北侧主要勘探层系第一位的是石炭—二叠系,第二位是下白垩统,第三位是上三叠统,第四位是古近系,而中—下侏罗统及下古生界可列为第五位。建议勘探选区是一类盆地为周口盆地、济源盆地和洛—伊盆地。有利区带是谭庄—沈丘凹陷、倪丘集凹陷、襄城凹陷、舞阳凹陷、孟县—温县凹陷和洛阳凹陷。

陕西凤太拉分盆地构造变形样式与动力学及金-多金属成矿

陆-陆斜向碰撞过程中形成的拉分盆地及构造变形史、变形样式及动力学、流体大规模运移与构造岩相学记录等是值得重视的大陆动力学问题,也有助于对西秦岭卡林型-类卡林型金矿和多金属矿成矿规律的深入研究。西秦岭陕西凤县—太白县晚古生代拉分盆地是热水沉积-改造型多金属矿床和金矿集中区。本文采用构造-岩相学研究方法,对该拉分盆地的构造-热流体变形历史、变形样式及动力学、盆地流体驱动力等进行了研究,认为该拉分盆地构造变形史复杂,构造变形序列为:(1)石炭纪—中三叠世构造反转与热流体叠加改造期(DS1)。(2)印支期陆-陆全面斜向碰撞挤压体制下拉分盆地发生挤压收缩变形、断裂-褶皱作用、岩浆侵位形成热叠加改造和脆韧性剪切变形(DS2)。(3)燕山期陆内造山期构造断陷、岩浆侵位形成热叠加改造与脆性变形(DS3)。石炭纪—中三叠世反转构造样式为泥盆系发生分层剪切流变构造、热流体角砾岩化叠加构造岩相和南部温江寺—留凤关拉分断陷盆地。印支期—燕山期,该盆地内部构造变形样式有复式褶皱与压扭性断裂构造、脆韧性剪切带、逆冲推覆构造、反冲构造与冲起构造。在该盆地南北缘形成了对冲式逆冲推覆构造。盆地流体运移受构造变形驱动,在该盆地东部,印支期西坝复式中-酸性岩浆侵入提供了区域性热流体叠加改造的稳定热源场。研究认为"M-W"型复式背斜和断裂带控制了多金属矿床后期改造富集和矿体定位。反冲构造与冲起构造控制了金矿和多金属成矿分带。"W-M"型复式向斜和脆韧性断裂带控制了卡林型-类卡林型金矿的形成,其中,倒转向斜和脆韧性剪切带对于八卦庙类卡林型金矿多期多阶段富集成矿具有显著控制作用,温江寺卡林型金矿受复式向斜和脆性断裂带控制。

燕山典型盆地充填序列及迁移特征:对中生代构造转折的响应

燕山地区中生代典型盆地充填序列可以划归为4个阶段,反映了岩石图从挠曲(T_3)、挠曲并伴随弱的裂陷(J_(1+2))、构造转换(J_3)到裂陷(K)为主的区域构造演化.除第一阶段外,其他3个阶段均是以火山岩或火山碎屑岩的发育开始,以厚层粗碎屑岩或砾岩的产出结束,反映了盆地构造演化的旋回性,各阶段盆地应力体制具有较为规律的从张性到压性的变化,但并非单一的裂陷(谷)旋回机制所能解释.根据充填序列、古流配置和沉积体系重塑原型盆地,结果表明在晚侏罗世燕山地区主要盆地走向和控盆构造线方向已发生了从EW向到NE向的明显变化,但盆地群却呈东西向带状分布特征,直到早白垩世区域控盆构造线方向才转为NNE向.

Sequence of densification and hydrocarbon charging of Xu2 reservoir in Anyue–Hechuan area,Sichuan Basin,China

The sequence of the densification and hydrocarbon charging of the Xu2 reservoir in the Anyue–Hechuan area of Central Sichuan Basin is discussed.The diagenetic sequence is considered a time line to determine the historical relationship between the densification process and the hydrocarbon charging of the Xu2 reservoir in the study area:Early diagenetic stage B(the first stage of hydrocarbon charging,which was about 200–160 Ma ago,with a porosity of about 20%,consolidated and not tight)→middle diagenetic stage A(the second stage of hydrocarbon charging,which was about 140–120 Ma ago,with a porosity of 10%–20%and relatively tight)→middle diagenetic stage B(the third stage of hydrocarbon charging,which was about 20–5 Ma ago,with a porosity of 6%–10%and tight;However,fractures have developed).The study results prove that large-scale hydrocarbon charging and accumulation completed before the densification of the Xu2 reservoir,showing that the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Fm unconventional tight reservoir in the Sichuan Basin is prospective for exploration.

Episodic Orogeny Deduced from Coeval Sedimentary Sequences in the Foreland Basin and Its Implication for Uplift Process of Longmen Mountain,China

Longmen Mountain located at the boundary between the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau,representing the steepest gradient of any edges of the plateau.Three endmember models of uplift process and mechanism have been proposed,including crustal thickening,crustal flow,and crustal isostatic rebound.Here we use coeval sedimentary sequences in the foreland basin to restraint uplift process and mechanism in the Longmen Mountain.The more than 10,000 m thick Late TriassicQuaternary strata filled in this foreland basin and can be divided into six megasequences that are distinguished as two distinct types.The first type is the wedge-shaped megasequences which are sedimentary response of strong active thrust loading events,characterized by a high rate of subsidence and sediment accumulation,coarsening-upward succession and a dual-sourced sediment supply.This type includes Late Triassic,Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous to Paleogene megasequences.The second type is the tabular megasequences,characterized by the low rate of subsidence and sediment accumulation,finingupward succession,and a single-sourced sediment supply,which is sedimentary response of isostatic rebound and erosion unloading.This type includes the Early to Middle Jurassic,Middle Cretaceous and Neogene to Quaternary megasequences.Basing on sedimentary,active tectonic,geomorphic evidence,we infer that the direction has been reversed from SSWdirected sinistral strike-slip to NNE-directed dextral strike-slip during 40-3.6 Ma,and since 3.6 Ma,the Longmen Mountain thrust belt belong to times of isostatic rebound and erosional unloading with NNEdirected dextral strike-slip.This suggests that crustal isostatic rebound is a primary driver for uplift and topography of the present Longmen Mountain.The Wenchuan(Ms8.0) earthquake,which ruptured a large thrust fault with NNE-directed dextral strikeslip along the range front,is an active manifestation of this crustal isostatic rebound process with dextral strike-slipping and shortening.This process may be the cause for the Wenchuan Earthquake and the apparent paradox of high relief,little shortening,the relative dearth of historical seismicity in the region.

The formation and evolution of the Qiaojia pull-apart basin,North Xiaojiang Fault Zone,Southwest China

Sedimentary sequences with drastic thickening over short distances have been observed in Qiaojia County,Yunnan Province,Southwest China.These are related to a pull-apart basin controlled by the Xiaojiang strike-slip fault.Our field investigations include determining the surface characteristics of the Qiaojia basin which consists of three terrace sequences and a series of alluvial fans.Several drill holes were used to reveal the internal structure of the basin.The results suggest that the basinal sediments are over 300 m thick.From bottom to top,they can be classified into five different units.We inferred that the units of lacustrine sediments are deposited in a paleolake which was formed by a paleo-landslide.Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating(AMS ^(14)C dating) was used to estimate the ages of the terrace and lacustrine sediments.We use the results to infer that the paleo-lake has existed about 15,000 years and that the Qiaojia basin was uplifted at an average rate of 3.3 mm/a.Furthermore,we then model the evolution process of the basin and interpreted 6 phases of development.

Hydrocarbon Potential of Pre-cenozoic Strata in the North Yellow Sea Basin

The North Yellow Sea Basin ( NYSB ), which was developed on the basement of North China (Huabei) continental block, is a typical continental Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the sea area. Its Mesozoic basin is a residual basin, below which there is probably a larger Paleozoic sedimentary basin. The North Yellow Sea Basin comprises four sags and three uplifts. Of them, the eastern sag is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary sag in NYSB and has the biggest sediment thickness; the current Korean drilling wells are concentrated in the eastern sag. This sag is comparatively rich in oil and gas resources and thus has a relatively good petroleum prospect in the sea. The central sag has also accommodated thick Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments. The latest research results show that there are three series of hydrocarbon source rocks in the North Yellow Sea Basin, namely, black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous. The principal hydrocarbon source rocks in NYSB are the Mesozoic black shale. According to the drilling data of Korea, the black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous have all come up to the standards of good and mature source rocks. The NYSB owns an intact system of oil generation, reservoir and capping rocks that can help hydrocarbon to form in the basin and thus it has the great potential of oil and gas. The vertical distribution of the hydrocarbon resources is mainly considered to be in the Cretaceous and then in the Jurassic.

Architecture of volcanic sequence and its structural control of Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin

Yingcheng Formation is a set of volcanic strata composed of lava rocks,volcanic clastic rocks and sedimentary rocks,filled in some fault depressions in Songliao Basin,early Cretaceous.The study about litho-facies succession of Yingcheng Formation in the outcropped area of the southeast margin and in Xujiaweizi fault depression and its distribution based on analysis of seismic data,shows that the sequence of volcanic strata is quite different from the clastic sedimentary sequence.To study the architecture of volcanic sequence and its structural control of Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin,in this work,dividing of the volcanic sequence and dating of the sequence boundaries were finished firstly,then displacement and displacement rate of faults were calculated.The results show that,sample ages of top of the first member,the seconde member,and the third member are 127 Ma,115 Ma,110.7 Ma,respectively and sample age of the bottom of the third member is 114.7 Ma.The maximum displacement and displacement rate of the fault 1 are 3 km and 300 m/Ma,respectively,and those of the fault 2 are 3 km and 1000 m/Ma.Studies suggest that,the cooling unit of lava rock or pyroclastic rock is a basic genetic stratigraphic unit in volcanic sequence stratigraphy.Cooling units can construct a parasequence reflecting a volcanic eruption stage.A sequence was superimposed by some parasequences,responding to a volcanic active cycle.There are three types of volcanic sequences in Yingcheng Formation: type of explosion,type of effusion and type of mixed explosion-effusion.The surface of the volcanic sequence,an unconformity surface widely spread and traced in seismic profiles,is a base for analysis of volcanic sequence.The development of volcanic sequence was controlled by faulting,and the curves of fault displacement(rate)can reflect this control.The preservation of volcanic sequence was controlled by the type of volcanic structure and the regional subsidence,also different from that of the sedimentary.The type of volcanic structure of Xujiaweizi was a volcanic depression during the forming of Yingcheng Formation,and the breakdowns of volcanoes and structural subsidence were key factors in the volcanic sequences preservation.

Seismic sequence and depositional evolution of slope basins in mid-northern margin of the South China Sea

As one of the biggest marginal seas in the western Pacific margin, the South China Sea （SCS） experienced continental rifting and seafloor spreading during the Cenozoic. The northern continental margin of the SCS is classified as a passive continental margin. However, its depositional and structural evolution remains controversial, especially in the deep slope area. The lack of data hindered the correlation between continental shelf and oceanic basin, and prevented the establishment of sequence stratigraphic frame of the whole margin. The slope basins in the mid-northern margin of SCS developed in the Cenozoic; the sediments and basin infill recorded the geological history of the continental margin and the SCS spreading. Using multi-channel seismic dataset acquired in three survey cruises during 1987 to 2004, combined with the data of ODP Leg 184 core and industrial wells, we carried out the sequence stratigraphic division and correlation of the Cenozoic in the middle-northern margin of SCS with seismic profiles and sedimentary facies. We interpreted the seismic reflection properties including continuity, amplitude, fi＇equency, reflection terminals, and 15 sequence boundaries of the Cenozoic in the study area, and correlated the well data in geological age. The depositional environment changed from river and lake, shallow bay to open-deep sea, in correspondence to tectonic events of syn-rifting, early drifting, and late drifting stages of basin evolution.

鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田本溪组—太原组高分辨率层序地层学研究

运用高分辨率层序地层学理论,研究了晚古生代华北克拉通盆地中区的充填序列和高分辨率层序地层单元的划分,认为其上古生界由陆表海盆地和陆内坳陷盆地2类充填序列组成,可划分为超长期、长期、中期和短期4级基准面旋回。鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田本溪组—上石盒子组可划分为2个超长期、6个长期基准面旋回,其中本溪组—太原组高分辨率层序地层单元是其第1个超长期基准面旋回,由2个长期和6个中期基准面旋回组成;各中期基准面旋回由数量不等的短期基准面旋回组成。通过对大牛地气田的地层划分与对比,建立了研究区本溪组至太原组中期、长期的等时地层格架,为精细的地层划分对比提供了依据。

Formation and accumulation of oil and gas in marine carbonate sequences in Chinese sedimentary basins

Advances in studies of formation and accumulation mechanisms of oil and gas in marine carbonate sequences have led to continuing breakthroughs of petroleum exploration in marine carbonate sequences in Chinese sedimentary basins in recent years. The recently discovered giant Tahe Oil Field and Puguang Gas Field have provided geological entities for further studies of the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in marine carbonate sequences. Marine carbonate sequences in China are characterized by old age, multiple structural deformation, differential thermal evolution of source rocks, various reservoir types (i.e. reef-bank complex and paleo-weathered crust karst reservoir), uneven development of caprocks, especially gypsum seal, and multi-episodes of hydrocarbon accumulation and readjustment. As a result, the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Chinese marine carbonate sequences has the following features: (i) the high-quality marine source rocks of shale and calcareous mudstone are often associated with siliceous rocks or calcareous rocks and were deposited in slope environments. They are rich in organic matter, have a higher hydrocarbon generation potential, but experienced variable thermal evolutions in different basins or different areas of the same basin. (ii) High quality reservoirs are controlled by both primary depositional environments and later modifications including diagenetic modifications, structural deformations, and fluid effects. (iii) Development of high-quality caprocks, especially gypsum seals, is the key to the formation of large-and medium-sized oil and gas fields in marine carbonate sequences. Gypsum often constitutes the caprock for most of large sized gas fields. Given that Chinese marine carbonate sequences are of old age and subject to multiple episodes of structural deformation and superposition, oil and gas tend to accumulate in the slopes and structural hinge zones, since the slopes favor the development of effective assemblage of source-reservoir-caprock, high quality source rocks, good reservoirs such as reef-bank complex, and various caprocks. As the structural hinge zones lay in the focus area of petroleum migration and experienced little structural deformation, they are also favorable places for hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation.

Sedimentary features of the Permian-Triassic boundary sequence of the Meishan section in Changxing County,Zhejiang Province

The Global Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP) for the Permian-Triassic boundary was placed in Bed 27 of Meishan section D where the conodont species Hindeodus parvus first occurs.Bed 27 was usually considered comprising continuouslydeposited,homogeneous silty limestone,with no depositional hiatus near the boundary.Detailed study on the boundary sequence revealed that a typical firmground characterized by Glossifungites ichnofacies developed about 2 cm below the Permian-Triassic boundary in Bed 27.Fossil content and lithology show apparent differences across the firmground crust.The abundance of the Permian bioclasts decreases significantly across the firmground,and is accompanied by a shift of dominating carbonate precipitation from calcite to dolomite.The firmground marked a rapid transgression at the very end of the Late Permian and significant shifts of sedimentary environment and paleoclimate.This transgressive submerging surface is also observed at the Huangzhishan section of the shallow-water carbonate platform facies in Zhejiang Province,the Jiangya section of the lower-slope to basinal-margin facies in Hunan Province,the Pingdingshan section of the basinal facies in Anhui Province of South China,as well as the Selong section in Tibet of the northern peri-Gondwana.The transgressive submerging surface marks the onset of a rapid global transgression at the latest Permian.