要学点文言常识——介绍张中行主编的《文言常识》

张中行先生主编的《文言常识》,内容丰富,深入浅出,是一部有本色的好书,已由人民教育出版社出版。全书共分六章。第一章,文言概说。主要让读者了解文言的性质,即文言是什么,文言有些什么典籍。使读者能很快入门,入门之后知道怎样找书来读,找些什么书来读。第二章,文言的文体和时尚。主要讲文言作品的表达形式,即体裁,以及各个不同时代时兴不同的体裁的情况。告诉读者,要注意作品的内容,不为五花八门的外形所迷惑,因为相同的内容可以装在不同的体裁里,相反,不同的体裁也常写相同的内容。第四章,文言辞章。由表及里。

(1+2)~n展开式的组合原理

现行高三数学中学到了二项式定理:（a+b）n=Cn0an+an1an-1b+Cn2an-2b2+……+Cnnbn。若令a=1,b=1,代入上式,就得到（1+1）n=Cn0+Cn1+Cn2+……+Cnn,这是全组合公式,即从n个元素中一个也不取,取一个、取二个、……、取n个元素的组合总数,那么（1+2）n的展开式的组合原理是什么呢?或者说,它的数学模型是什么?下面我们先看一个具体问题。

农行系统安全保卫工作应实现四个转变

农业银行要做到安全经营,就必须针对不同时期罪犯活动的新特点、新动向,在安全保卫工作中具有超前的意识,采取超前的措施,充分履行应尽的职责,努力实现四个转变: 一、扩大安全工作的覆盖面,由局部防范向立体防治转变。多年来,农业银行安全工作在“三防”(防盗、防劫、防火)方面巳形成一整套有效办法,积累了许多成功的经验。防卫器械的“八个一”(即营业柜台必备“三个一”:一根棍、一包(盆)石灰、一盆砂,库房除必备营业柜台“三个一”外,增加一面警锣。

二项式定理的另一证法

关于二项式定理的证明,课本上用的是数学归纳法。数学教师也未提供其它的证明方法。经过探索,现提供一种新的简捷证法。定理: （a+b）n=Cn0+Cnn-1b+···+Cnkan-kbk+···+Cnn-1abn-1+Cnnbn

中班为儿歌《小羊过生日》编曲教法提示

教材小羊过生日蓝天白云飘,天气真正好。小羊过生日,请来小花猫,妙妙妙,妙妙妙;小猫心欢笑;请来小小鸡,叽叽叽,叽叽叽,小鸡笑嘻嘻;请来小花鸭,呷呷呷呷,小鸭笑哈哈;请来小青蛙,呱呱呱呱,呱呱呱呱,青蛙乐开花。

歧口凹陷构造断裂与油气成藏

歧口凹陷现今地质构造复杂，根据断裂构造与油气成藏关系初步探索，认为下步勘探研究除现已明显的几个区带外，海陆调解带裂缝油气藏的勘探、远源缓坡区沿断裂构造脊的中浅层勘探的研究及大断裂控制的“Y”字型浅层构造及其两侧的火成岩勘探领域的研究是下步勘探研究的重点。

Discovery and prediction of high natural gamma sandstones in Chang 73 Submember of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, China

The large scale development of high natural gamma sandstones has been discovered in the Chang 73 Submember of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. High natural gamma sandstones consist of terrigenous detrital rocks with particle sizes ranging from silt to sand. They represent turbidite deposits characterized by high gamma ray values that are more than 180 American Petroleum Institute (API) units on a natural gamma ray log profile. For a long time, very high natural gamma sandstones had been identified as high-quality source rocks, such as oil shales, from conventional well log profiles, such as natural gamma ray well logs. Therefore, predicting the distribution of high natural gamma sandstones was studied. The sedimentary, lithological, and well log characteristics, as well as the genesis of the high radioactivity of high natural gamma sandstones were analyzed in the Chang 73 Submember. Thorium (Th), uranium (U) and other radioactive elements were found, carried by deep hydrothermal activity, and probably resulted in the formation of a relatively high radioactive zone in the cross-section, where high natural gamma sandstones usually develop in large quantities. This caused many turbidite sand bodies, which should have a continuous distribution in the cross-section, to appear to have a discontinuous distribution, when using conventional well log profiles, such as natural gamma ray well logs. From the above mentioned apparent discontinuous distribution of turbidite sand bodies in the cross-section, a continuous distribution can be predicted. It is obvious that the prediction of areas of continuous turbidite sand bodies in the cross-section usually corresponds with areas where high natural gamma sandstones are developed in large quantities. Exploration and development practice demonstrated that the developed method is fast and effective in predicting high natural gamma sandstones in the Chang 73 Submember.

Braided river and distribution patterns of sand bodies of Jurassic Badaowan formation in Block T13 of Junggar basin

In order to determine the planar and volume distribution of sand bodies of the Jurassic Badaowan formation in Block T13 of Junggar basin,we used analysis of field outcrop and 3D seismic data,which play an essential role in areas of sparse well coverage.We describe sedimentary facies characteristics,sand body planforms,width and connectivity patterns of sand bodies,and vertical associations and successions by acoustic impedance inversion technology and sedimentological theory.Results of our study show braided fluvial strata deposits in the Jurassic Badaowan formation.Each sand body is approximately lenticular in shape.The width of each sand body falls in the range 100～800 m,with most between 200 and 400 m.The sand bodies vary in thickness from 4 to 13 m,with most below 9 m.The width/thickness ratios lie in the range 20～55.The connectivity of braided fluvial channel sand bodies is controlled by changes of accommodation space.One fining-upward sedimentary cycle of base-level rise is recognized in Badaowan formation,representing an upward rise of base level.The connectivity of sand bodies was found to be greatest in the early stage of base-level rise,becoming progressively worse with increasing base-level rise.

Research of the Late Quaternary Recent Activity of the Middle Segment of Kouquan Fault

Systematic research of the characteristics of late Quaternary activity of the middle part of Kouquan fault has been done through conducting 1∶50000 geologic mapping combining with remote sensing interpretation of spot imaging, field validating and chronology research of the research area. Studies suggest that the middle part of Kouquan fault has had strong activity since the late Quaternary which controls the tectonic evolvement of the nearby mountains and Datong basin. The recent activity of this fault has faulted the sandy gravel layers of T1 terrace and the lower part of dark loessial soils over the terrace on the north of Chanfang village. The maximum vertical displacement is over 3m in the area between Xiaoyukou village and Louzikou village, and to the south of Dayukou village and the north of Emaokou village, the displacement decreases to 0.5m and 0.25m respectively. Based on the recent faulted landforms and combined with dating, we determined the age of recent activity of the fault in the research area to be between 7.71ka B.P. to 3.00 ka B.P. Discussions are made on this in combination with previous research.

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组开阔浅水湖泊风暴沉积

通过岩心观察,发现鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长8油层组具有典型的风暴沉积特征,主要包括底面侵蚀构造、丘状交错层理、特征异地煤、滞积层、生物逃逸迹等,是风暴流作用于湖岸线附近的三角洲沉积,是沉积物经再搬运和再沉积的产物。其理想的垂向序列由A-G7段构成,向湖盆中心方向,强能量风暴流形成的滞积层和块状砂岩减少,低-弱能量的丘状交错层理和波状纹层段明显增加。鄂尔多斯盆地延长组发育独具特色的开阔浅水湖泊风暴沉积,垂向上表现为多期叠置,平面上表现为对浅水三角洲沉积物的全面改造,总体上呈现出"满盆砂",成为一种新型储集层,可形成大规模分布的岩性油气藏。

Study on Character of Micro-Canal Deposit and Its Significance in Petroleum Geology——Case study of Tuo-147-well in north zone of Dongying depression

Exploration on reservoir of glutenite segment in steep slope zone of half graben-like basin is one of the hot spot targets at present and in the future for new reservoirs; And the study of sediment character of sandy-conglomerate bodies is the keystone and also the difficult problem. Taking Tuo-147-well area in north zone of Dongying depression as an example, the micro-canal sedimentation was researched. The result shows that many micro-canals exist at the end of slope grain-flow in steep slope zone of half graben-like basin; The micro-canals grow at the end of subaqueous grain-flow deposited bodies of 3rd member of the Shahejie formation. The main condition of micro-canal formation is the slope angle less than 18° and a long suitable sedimentary slope. These micro-canals may communicate the reservoir of glutenite segment in steep slope zone and the hydrocarbon stratum as a bridge role. Therefore, it is significant in theory and practice for discovering a series of micro-canals at the end of slope grain-flow in steep slope zone of half graben-like basin.

Diagenesis and porosity evolution of sandstone reservoirs in the East II part of Sulige gas field, Ordos Basin

It is becoming an important controlling factor of gas exploration and exploitation in the east part of Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin where the reservoir of main gas formations is tight sandstones. Employing experimental methods of slice identification, casting slice, scan electron microscope, and X-ray diffrac- tions, we studied the characteristics of petrology and diagenesis on reservoirs in Shanl section of Shanxi formation and He8 section of Shihezi formation of the Permian system in the East II part of Sulige gas field. The results include： （1） the main sandstones in these areas are dominated by lithic sandstone and litbic silicarenite with low grade of maturity; （2） the diagenesis of sandstone in these areas mainly include compaction, cementation, corrosion and alteration. Conclusions are as follows： （1） the diagenetic stage reached period B of the middle diagenetic stage; （2） the early diagenetic compaction is one of the main factors to decreasing porosity; （3） the secondary pores formed by corrosion in acidity medium con- ditions in period A of the middle diagenetic stage can distinctly ameliorate the poor reservoir capability of sandstone and, （4） cementation in period B of the middle diagenetic stage is the most important factor leading; to poor physical property of sandstone reservoirs.

Detailed sedimentary facies of a sandstone reservoir in the eastern zone of the Sulige gas field, Ordos Basin

Given sustaining exploration, the eastern zone of the Sulige gas field may soon become a key area of exploitation. In order to explore its genesis, types and distribution of the reservoir sandstones in the eastern zone of this gas field, we focused in our study on the provenance and detailed sedimentary facies of sandstone of the He8 （the eighth part of the Shihezi formation, Permian system） and Shanxil （the first part of the Shanxi formation, Permian system） members, based on core observations, analyses in petrography, granularity and logging. The results show that： 1） the sandstone provenance of Shanxil and He8 in the eastern zone of the Sulige gas field is from the north of the Ordos Basin, characterized by dual directions from the north and northeast. 2） The He8 and Shanxil members were deposited in a fluvial-delta sedimentary system. The He8 was mainly deposited in braided rivers, in- cluding braided channels, channel bars, levee and floodplain sub-environments, whereas the Shanxil Member was deposited in braided rivers and deltas, including braided channels, channel bars, floodplains, tributaries and inter-tributary sub-environments. 3） Sedimentary facies bands migrated in drastic fashion towards the basin from the Shanxil to the He8 Member. Base levels of sedi- mentation generally present a trend of small increases in-amplitude, large decreasing amplitudes and slow and gradual Increases. 4） The continuity of the reservoir sandbodies along the source direction is better than that perpendicular to the direction. Compared with Shanxil, both dimensions and continuity of the sandbodies in He8 are better from which we conclude that it is the most fa- vorable part of the reservoir.

Sedimentary Environments, Geometry and Characteristics of the Sand Layers within the Basin of El Ma Labiod （Algero-Tunisian Borders）

The authors＇ work concerns the study of sedimentary environments, the geometry and the characteristics of the silicon-clastic deposits within the basin of EI Ma Labiod at the Algero-Tunisian confines. The sedimentological analysis has proved a Miocene age of the sediments with varied environments： marine, fluvial-deltaic and lake. The geological aspect of the sediment, in particular sandy, is of the movable type or very slightly consolidated. The size of the industrial sand layers can be very diverse, however to feed from the industrial consumers having a certain perenniality, our prospection was directed towards layers with very important reserves. It is about a sedimentary basin with dimensions exceeding very largely the conditions of operating for such projects, which are at least one to two million tons. With the exception of a thin quaternary soil horizon, the basin is almost of an exploitation with open sky. The mineralogical determination has revealed siliceous to extra-siliceous sands, which are absolutely usable in the industry of glass, foundry and also in other functions like the abrasives of sanding and the clothing industry of the sandpapers. Concerning the economic aspect, the materials are very close and this is why the area has known the installation of a glassmaking factory and a cement factory using at the same time the Maastrichtian limestone, the sandy material and the clays of the Western zone of the basin.

Discussion on origin of clay minerals in outcropped sandstone from Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in Jixi Basin

Clay minerals in the outcropped sandstone from Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in Jixi Basin were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the clay minerals mainly consist of illite, kaollinite and illite/smectite, which can be divided into two types： kaolinite- and illite/smectite types. The outcropped sandstone occurred in middle diagenetic stage-A on the basis of the clay mineral composition. The development factor of the formation of kaolinite type clay mineral is caused mainly by the organic acid from the coal-bearing formation and nmdstone during the diagenesis process in Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in the Jixi Basin. The weak hydrodynamic force of sedimentary facies made the sandstone leaching condition poor, which is the reason forming the aggregation of clay minerals of the illite/ smectite-and illite types.

Vertical structure and dominating factors of sand body during Late Triassic Chang 9 time of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, NW China

Based on a synthetic geological study of drilling, well logging and core observations, two main genetic types of Chang 9sand body in Odors Basin were recognized, which included two effects, that is, delta environment and tractive current effects that lead to the development of mouth bar, distal bar, sheet sand and other sand bodies of subaerial and subaqueous distributary channel,natural levee, flood fan and delta front, and shore-shallow lake environment and lake flow transformation effects that result in the development of sandy beach bar, sheet sand and other sand bodies. Chang 9 sand body mainly developed five basic vertical structures, namely box shape, campaniform, infundibuliform, finger and dentoid. The vertical stacking patterns of multilayer sand body was complex, and the common shapes included box shape + box shape, campaniform + campaniform, campaniform + box shape, infundibuliform + infundibuliform, campaniform + infundibuliform, box shape + campaniform, box shape + infundibuliform,and finger + finger. Based on the analysis on major dominating factors of vertical structure of sand body, sedimentary environment,sedimentary facies and rise, fall and cycle of base level are identified as the major geological factors that control the vertical structure of single sand body as well as vertical stacking patterns and distribution of multistory sand bodies.

猫砂那些事儿

衣食住行,吃喝拉撇,甭管你是阳春白雪还是下里巴人,这些事儿反正肯定是离不开。就是奥黛丽·赫本也得坐马桶不是?今个儿咱就得唠唠猫咪屁股底下那些事儿。萝卜时常出门在外,经常有猫友网友问我,萝卜出去的时候便便问题怎么解决呢?其实这倒不难,弄个整理箱装上猫砂不就成旅行版的猫砂盆了吗。有盖子还不容易散味儿撒猫砂。不过甭管家里家外的猫砂盆,里面装什么猫砂倒真是门学问了。

微型盆景的好材料——老枝扦插的六月雪

六月雪干矮枝虬,树肤苍润,枝叶扶疏,根系发达;适应性强,对土壤要求不严;易攀扎,成型快。一般多采用嫩枝扦插繁殖,但繁殖出来的新株若用来做微型盆景的材料,不够苍老,不能尽如人意。因此,用六月雪来做微型盆景材料或是山石盆景的植物材料,最好还是采用老枝扦插繁殖新株。其方法是:

让人省心的闭口合同

我和老伴为装修房子的事,已经奔走了好几个地方。为的就是想找到一家能让我们放心、省心的装潢公司来为我们装修房子。在经历了帕特门装潢公司的"闭口合同"装修后,我俩现在想来,还好当初没有选其他的装潢公司,免得装修费用莫名的低开高走。

添个暧烘烘的壁炉 其实挺容易的

寒冷的冬天,一家人围在暖暖的壁炉边聊天讲故事,真是件非常惬意的事。一款壁炉,不仅是个取暖的工具,更是一种文化的体现。现在新型壁炉经过改良,离我们的生活已经越来越近了。不仅是别墅,公寓房也经常能看到它的身影。壁炉种类不少,目前市场上最流行的是电壁炉和真火壁炉。