畜禽益效散在疾病防治中的应用

畜禽益效散在疾病防治中的应用＠王清兰＠高得仪￥中国农业大学动物医学院＠焦淑贤￥中国农业科学院畜牧研究所＠张洪友￥黑龙江八一农垦大学畜牧兽医系＠沈序晔￥湖南省藏刘江县畜牧水产局＠刘殿贵￥新疆兵团农一师畜牧兽医工作站＠高纯一￥河北省怀来县新保安畜牧兽医站畜禽益...

畜禽益效散对蛋鸡主要生产性能的影响

畜禽益效散对蛋鸡主要生产性能的影响张洪友甘泽①徐庆祯②王玉龙井长龙郭志光③（黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院·密山·１５８３０８）口服补液盐是１９８３年在我国兽医临床得到应用的，十多年来它在促进畜禽生产性能、防治应激、增强免疫和疾病防治等方面都进行了深...

畜禽益效散对雏鸡疫苗免疫和攻毒保护实验观察

畜禽益效散对雏鸡疫苗免疫和攻毒保护实验观察＊焦淑贤（中国农业科学院畜牧研究所，北京海淀１０００９４）高得仪王清兰（中国农业大学动物医学院，北京海淀１０００９４）张洪友（黑龙江八一农垦大学牧医系，密山１５８３０８）穆德华（吉林省伊通县畜牧兽医总站，１３...

犊牛断奶前后饮用畜禽益效散的效果观察

犊牛断奶前后饮用畜禽益效散的效果观察○中国农业科学院畜牧研究所（北京１０００９４）焦淑贤○中国农业大学动物医学院王清兰郭克峻○北京市通县永乐店渠头牛场陈德民田青春畜禽益效散按葡萄糖—钠载体学说，由葡萄糖、碳酸氢钠及多种电解质和微量元素科学配制而成。畜...

森林生态资源现状及益效补偿

森林在保护和改善环境质量方面有着巨大的生态效益。然而，由于人们长期以来对森林资源的不合理利用，使得森林资源遭到极大的破坏。在森林生态环境状况逐渐恶化的今天，建立和完善有效的森林生态效益补偿机制成为了当务之急。

关于完善森林生态效益补偿基金制度的思考

介绍了我国森林生态效益补偿基金制度建立和实施的基本情况,提出目前存在的主要问题：补偿标准总体偏低,补偿渠道单一,划入重点公益林范围的集体林禁止采伐利用,损害林农利益等。反思这些问题,提出扩大范围、提高标准、以国家投入为主,多渠道投入,开展国家赎买重点公益林试点,修订公益林区划界办法等建议。

美好生活与休闲空间政策

永远把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标是中国梦的根本价值追求,是我国政府秉持的理念。休闲作为人类生活中不可或缺的一部分,与人们的生活质量密切相关。近年来,休闲引起了公众的广泛关注,但相较而言,休闲活动所需的休闲空间供给则尚未得到足够重视,着眼于休闲空间这一整体概念,尤其是休闲空间政策的研究仍是凤毛麟角。文章从多样化需求的角度,分析了我国现有的休闲空间政策。政府在制定休闲空间政策时,应当以打造美好生活为核心,平衡多重休闲需求,协调政府、基层管理组织机构及休闲活动参与者等休闲空间主体,依据需求侧的演进对休闲空间进行有效供给侧改革,减少结构性休闲制约,力图实现休闲空间的个体效益、社会效益、经济效益、文化效益和环境效益等多重益效,使休闲空间真正促进人们生活质量的提升。

当量分析方法及其在生态养殖效益分析中的应用

通过物质、能量与价值的流量分析,对生态系统进行结构、功能与效益的分析和评价,是生态系统分析的重要方法,也是当前农业气象学研究的重要内容之一。但是对这些流量效率(即流出系统量与流入系统量之比)的评价与判断,通常是用实际效率与预定效率(计划指标)对比,用当年效率与往年效率对比,或用本单位效率与其他同类单位效率对比来进行。这些方法由于缺乏统一的对比标准,往往难以反映不同生态系统流量效率的高低。本文根据农业生态学原理,利用当量分析的方法,提出流量当量指数的概念,并通过物流、能流当量指数的计算,以单项目生产流量效率试验结果作为参照,对江浦县生态养殖试验示范场的部分流量效率进行分析,从而得出该复合生态系统的效益状况,使之具有更明确的效益意义。

体育赛事市场开发的综合效益对河南影响研究

本文采用文献资料法、定义法等,在借鉴社会学等相关理论的基础上,构建体育赛事市场开发的综合效应对河南经济的影响的理论模型,并对该模型的波及效应进行分析研究。

A Recycling Agriculture Model Based on Edible Fungi Cultivation

[Objective]This study was to explore the model for the efficient utilization of agricultural resources,especially crop straw and livestock waste.[Methods]With Shandong Jiufa Edible Fungus Co.,Ltd.as a case,this paper described a recycling agriculture model based on edible fungi,and analyzed its economic,ecological and social benefit [Results]The recycling agriculture model,guided by the scale production,processing and vendition of medium for the culture edible fungi,mainly makes use of a large amount of agriculture wastes like wheat straw,livestock waste,for developing edible fungi industry,aiming at getting the intensive optimization of fund,technology,raw materials and products at village level and more surplus labors engaged in edible fungi production industry into reality.Moreover,this model provides multi-solutions to the utilization of a great deal of fungus dreg,which can not only solve the problem of fungus dreg generated in the edible fungi production,but also extend industrial chain and enhance the income of practitioners,further realizing maximum conversion of agricultural resources.[Conclusion]This model can make well use of agricultural resources and reduce the agricultural waste pollution,significantly increasing economic,ecological and social benefits.

Highly-efficient Intercropping Mode and Selection of Suitable Peanut Varieties in Maize and Peanut Intercropping Systems

[Objective] The aim was to explore efficient maize and peanut intercrop-ping mode and select suitable peanut varieties of the mode in Yungui Plateau. [Method] In the test, 6 cropping methods were set by randomized block design. Yields and economic benefits were measured in mature stage with Excelland DPS. [Result] Compared with monoculture, maize and peanut intercropping systems took advantages and LER values were proved higher than 1. In the intercropping system with maize and Yun peanut No.3 at 2∶2, in particular, the value of LER was 1.40 and compound yield reached 9 036 kg/hm2; the net output values of maize kernel and fresh/dry peanut pod increased by 182.63% and 140.59%, compared with maize by monoculture. In addition, the output values of Yun peanut No.3 by monoculture and intercropping system increased by 5 069 and 3 272 yuan/hm2, respectively, than Yanshan conventional peanut varieties. [Conclusion] The efficient intercropping system with maize and peanut mode at 2∶2 mode in Yungui plateau and the Yun peanut No.3 exhibited higher yield and economic benefit advantages, compared with Yanshan conventional planting peanut varieties.

A discussion on compensation of forest ecological engineering benefit

On the basis of analysis of the present situation of the ecological benefit compensation in China and foreign countries, this paper discusses the necessity, principle and approach of establishing the compensation mechanism of forest ecological benefit, as well as compensation standard in order to provide scientific basis for further perfecting the compensation mechanism of forest ecological engineering benefit in China. It is suggested that setting up the compensation mechanism of forest ecological benefit can not only provide the steady funds source of managing and protecting forest resources, but resolve radically the dynamic and mechanism problems of commonweal forest ecological engineering construction, which will produce a widespread and profound influence on China forestry and ecological construction.

Benefit of Interplanting Sugarcane with Watermelon and Soybean

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of interplanting of sugarcane with watermelon and soybean on agronomic traits, yields, quality and benefit of crops, so as to provide reference for extension of the interplanting mode of sugarcane with watermelon or soybean. There were 4 treatments： CK1 （sole planting of sugarcane, no fertilization）, CK2 （sole planting of sugarcane, applying chemical fertilizers）, T1 （interplanting sugarcane with watermelon, applying chemical fertilizers ＋ cow dung）, and T2 （interplanting sugarcane with soybean, applying chemical fertilizers ＋ cow dung）. The results showed that compared with CK2, the sugarcane yield of treatment T1 reached 2.5 t/hm2, the watermelon yield was 1.02 t/hm2, and the total economic benefit increased by 3090 Yuan/hm2; the sugarcane yield in treatment T2 decreased by 7.61 t/hm2 （but not significant）, and the soybean yield was 0.35 t/hm2, and the total economic benefit increased by 720 Yuan/hm2; and the total sugar content in watermelon flesh was 8.59%, and the crude protein content in soybean was 36.15%, satisfying the quality indexes of the same agricultural products. Compared with sole planting of sugarcane, sugarcane plus watermelon or soybean interplanting mode improved economic benefit, treatment T1 showed economic benefit far higher than treatment T2, and is suitable for sugarcane regions with good water and fertilizer conditions and enough labor, and the T2 mode has simple operation, and is suitable for large-area extension.

Effect of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Yield,Output Value,Content of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen after Utilizing the Milk Vetch

A located field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different amount of chemical fertilizer usage on rice yield,economic benefits of rice,soil carbon（C） and total nitrogen（TN） under ploughing back of Chinese milk vetch for 5consecutive years.Six treatments were included in the experiment,they are CK（unfertilized）,CF（100% chemical fertilizer with the amount of N,P2O5,K2 O being150,75,120 kg/hm^2respectively）,A1（22 500 kg/hm^2 Chinese milk vetch and 100%chemical fertilizer）,A2（Chinese milk vetch and 80% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer）,A3（Chinese milk vetch and 60% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer）,A4（Chinese milk vetch and 40% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer）.The results were as follows：application of fertilizer could increase the yield of rice,while Chinese milk vetch combined with fertilizer application had a much more increase effect in rice yield.Under the condition of milk vetch application with 22 500 kg/hm^2,the early rice yield of the treatment A1 was significantly increased by 7.7% compared with that of CF.And the yield of treatment A3 was basically identical to or slight increase in comparison with that of CF.Decreasing amount of fertilizers cloud improve output value of rice in the case of the utilization of Chinese milk vetch.The treatment A1 increased output value of rice by 5.92% in comparison of CF,and treatment A2 was by 4.08% in the next.Treatment A4 showed much better effect in increasing soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the paddy soil than those of treatments applying mineral fertilizer only.There was a significant reduction on soil organic carbon and TN in treatment A2 in comparison with that of CF.In general,amount of application of milk vetch with 22 500 kg/hm^2 could replace chemical fertilizer partially,it also could improve rice yield,decrease the production cost,and raise the utilization efficiency of nutrients.

Effects of Different Plastic films Mulching on Soil Temperature and Moisture, the Growth and Yield of Sugarcane

[Objective] The effects of different plastic films mulching on soil temperature and moisture, and growth and yield of sugarcane were discussed in order to provide references for using different plastic film in sugarcane pro-duction. [Method]Four kinds of plastic films viz., normal colorless transparent plastic film, milky photodegradation weeding plastic film, black plastic film and gray-black plastic film were used in sugarcane cultivation by using no film mulching as the control. Soil temperature and moisture were measured during plastic film mulching period, and sugarcane agronomic traits such as emergence rate, tillering rate, plant hight, stalk diameter and effective stalk number were investigated during growth period, the cane yield and economic benefits were calculated during harvest period. [Result] The results showed that plastic film mulching could significantly increase soil temperature and moisture. Com-pared with the control, soil temperature was increased by 0.3-0.8 ℃ in three plastic films mulching treatment except for gray-black plastic film mulching. The soil moisture of all mulching treatments was 10.1%-17.4% higher than the control. Furthermore, the seedling emergence rate, tillering rate, effective stalk number and cane yield also could be improved using plastic film mulching,which were increased by 0.8%-9.9%, 20.6%-34.9%, 5190-10980 stalks/hm^2and6.4%-14.9% as compared to the control,while plant height and stalk diameter were found to be no significant effect by plastic film mulching. The results of benefit analysis indicated that, milky photodegradation weeding film mulching had the highest economic benefit, the second were normal colorless transparent plastic film mulching and black plastic film mulching, which were 5 987.2, 1 876.5 and 1 813.5 Yuan/hm^2 higher than the control. The gray-black film mulching treatment had poor benefit.[Conclusion] The milky photodegradation weeding plastic film could be vigorously extended in sugarcane production. Normal colorless transparent plastic film and black plastic film could be ex-tended gradually as a new kind of plastic film. The grayblack film should not be used for its higher cost and more thickness.

Research of Holotrichia diomphalia Larvae Cultivation Technology with Agaricus bisporus Residues

[Objective] The aim was to explore key technology to cultivate Holotdchia diomphalia larvae with Agaricus bisporus residues and to provide, technologicar sup- ports for processing of Agaricus bisporus residues. [Method] In the research, fodder thickness, population density and residues under different treatments were set to re- search effects on Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. [Result] The optimal thickness of fodder was 25 cm and the optimal feeding density was 44-56 larvae per hectare. The dry residues were more suitable, compared with decomposed residues and corn bran powders, for cultivation of Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. [Conclusion] Cultivation of Holotrichia diomphalia larvae with Agaricus bisporus residues is a new method to make use of Agaricus bisporus residues and of significance for extension of agricul- tural circulation chain, increase of economic benefits and ecological benefits.

Influential Factors on Economic Benefit of Rice Farmers

[Objective] This study was to provide references for the improvement of agricultural economic benefit by analyzing the main factors on influencing the economic benefit of rice farmer. [Method] Field survey was carried out on 300 rice farmers in Suizhou, Wuxue and Xiaogan of Hubei Province. Through the descriptive statistics to the production input and output data of the sample farmers, the econometric model was established to conduct empirical test on the economic benefit of rice farmer and the influential factors. The optimal production scale for rice farmer was also estimated, and through the theoretical and empirical analysis of the optimal production scale, countermeasures were put forward with the aim to promote economic benefit of rice farmer. [Result] The application of fertilizer affected the economic benefit most, followed by the planting area; food policy, farming population and average economic income per capita had significant effects on the economic benefit of rice production; economic benefit was beneficial for cost control. [Conclusion] This study had great practical and instructive significance for stabilizing national food production, ensuring regional and national food safety.

Effects of Probiotics on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Cherry Valley Ducks

In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. Total 240 1-d-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 1 control group and 3 treatment groups. There were 3 replicates for each group and there were 20 ducks for each replicate. The ducks in the control group were fed the basal diet, and the ducks in the 3 treatment groups were fed the basal diet added with Lactobacillus, Bacillus natto and florfenicol, respectively. The test lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and Bacillus natto could improve the average daily weight gain and final average weight （P〈0.05） of Cherry Valley ducks, and reduce the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ac- tivity, alkaline phosphatase activity and serum urinary nitrogen content in duck blood （P〈0.05） and reduce the creatinine content and total cholesterol content in Cherry Valley ducks （P〉0.05）; at the same time, adding probiotics to feed could also in- crease the grass economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks. In overall, the effects of adding probiotics were better than those of adding antibiotic.

Measurement assessment of forest benefit in reducing flood disaster

Based on the analysis of forest inner mechanism, forest benefit in re ducing flood disaster is defined. Through the characteristic analysis of forest benefit in reducing flood disaster, it is suggested that it is impossible to ado pt the microanalysis method for studying the forest benefit in reducing flood, t he macro analysis is the only method to be adopted. With the special case of dis aster flooding of Changjiang River happened in 1998, the forest benefit in reduc ing flood disaster was scientifically assessed. The estimated results of forest benefit in reducing flood shows that forest vegetation establishment is the radi cal way to control flood, but it only equals to 5 percent of the total benefits of water conservancy facilities.

Effect of Mulberry(Morus alba Linn) on Soil and Water Conservation

Rational development and utilization of hilly land is an effective measure for raising land productivity, developing countryside economy, increasing peasants＇ income, conserving soil and water, and improving eco-environment. The growth and root distribution of mulberry trees were studied. Various indexes including soil physical characters and hydrological status, water infiltration rate, water and soil loss and soil erosion amount were tested. The results indicated that mulberry trees had the effects of intercepting rainfall, improving soil infiltration rate, decreasing soil erosion amount, and conserving water and soil