产广谱细菌素乳酸菌的筛选及体外益生特性的研究

分离和鉴定产细菌素乳酸菌,通过抑菌特性、耐受性、黏附特性及药敏性研究体外评价及益生效果,为其应用奠定基础。从内蒙古传统乳制品中筛选到一株产广谱细菌素的乳酸菌菌株NMD-17,经表型特征、生理生化特征和分子生物学方法确定为植物乳杆菌,其代谢稳定性高,抑菌活力强。经体外益生效果评价可知,菌株对40~60℃的耐受性较好,经pH 1、pH 10、胆盐0.5%、氯化钠5%、过氧化氢5 mmol/L处理4 h存活率均达到45%以上,表明植物乳杆菌NMD-17具有良好的酸碱耐受性、渗透压耐受性、胆盐耐受性及氧化耐受性,对Caco-2细胞的黏附性高,对42种抗菌药物表现出不同程度的敏感性。综上所述,植物乳杆菌NMD-17极具益生潜能,在调味品、发酵食品、新型生物防腐剂和药品等诸多领域均具有开发和应用价值。

大鼠胃肠道术后肠道相关淋巴组织的变化及益生体的作用

目的观察手术、抗生素对淋巴集结 (Peyer′spatches)中淋巴细胞亚群和肠道微生态的影响 ,并观察益生体对机体的保护作用。方法SD大鼠分空白对照组、手术组、抗生素组和治疗组 4组 ,分别施行肠切除和胃造瘘 ,术后在后 2组应用抗生素 ,并在治疗组加用乳酸菌 ,喂养 7d。结果(1)手术及术后应用抗生素明显降低了Peyer′spatches中淋巴细胞总数及B细胞的数量 ;T细胞及其中CD4+ T细胞的变化不如B细胞及CD8+ T细胞显著。 (2 )手术及抗生素破坏了肠道菌群的平衡 ,主要表现为肠道细菌总量、厌氧菌及大肠杆菌量的减少。 (3)肠道细菌的变化与Peyer′spatches中淋巴细胞的变化有相同趋势。 (4 )新一代益生体Lb .Plantarum 2 99v防止了Peyer′spatches中淋巴细胞的破坏。结论 (1)手术或抗生素明显损害了肠道相关淋巴组织功能。 (2 )微生态的破坏可能与免疫功能下降相关。 (3)目前的常规肠内营养配方中均不含益生体 。

枯草芽孢杆菌WEI-62体外益生评价及其对仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在探讨枯草芽孢杆菌体外耐酸耐胆盐和抑菌作用以及其对仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及肠道菌群的影响。选取216头25日龄(长白×大白)二元仔猪,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复18头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1×106 CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌WEI-62菌粉。试验期40 d。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌WEI-62经人工胃液处理或胃肠液顺序处理后,存活率均在75%以上;经人工肠液处理3 h后的存活率在90%以上;枯草芽孢杆菌WEI-62对大肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌具有抑制作用;日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌WEI-62可显著降低仔猪的耗料增重比,对仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量无显著影响;添加枯草芽孢杆菌可以提高仔猪回肠、盲肠、结肠内容物中乳酸杆菌属的相对丰度和降低梭菌属的相对丰度。结果表明,仔猪日粮中添加1×106 CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌WEI-62可调控肠道内容物菌群结构,改善耗料增重比。

枯草芽孢杆菌体外益生效果评估

试验旨在评估枯草芽孢杆菌的体外益生效果。以存活率为指标,考察枯草芽孢杆菌对高温、酸、碱、胃液、肠液、胆盐的耐受性,应用牛津杯法研究枯草芽孢杆菌对致病菌的抑制作用。结果显示,随处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,所有枯草芽孢杆菌的活菌数均呈下降趋势。同种枯草芽孢杆菌的耐碱性优于耐酸性。所有枯草芽孢杆菌对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌均无抑制作用。体外评估结果显示,BS-5对高温、不同pH值、胃液、肠液的耐受性最好,存活率在72.75%~95.83%;BS-3对胆盐的耐受性最好,存活率为68.84%,BS-1体外抑菌效果最好,对大肠埃希氏菌、产气荚膜梭菌的体外抑菌直径分别为10.47、13.45 mm。研究表明,不同枯草芽孢杆菌的体外抗逆性和抑菌性不同。

中国传统发酵乳中嗜热链球菌H2的培养及益生特性评价

为促进国产乳品发酵剂自主研发,从内蒙传统发酵乳中分离鉴定一株嗜热链球菌菌株H2(Streptococcus thermophilus),通过响应面法优化培养基组成,采用体外分析法对菌株H2进行益生特性评价。结果表明,培养基氮源为45.25 g/L酵母提取物、生长因子为169.5 mg/L半胱氨酸、缓冲体系补充物为0.705 g/L碳酸钙且培养条件控制为温度40℃、初始pH值5.5、接种量3.5%时,培养液中活菌数达4.20×10^9 CFU/mL,是优化前的37.8倍。体外益生特性评价实验证明,H2在pH=3时存活率为49.65%,胆盐质量分数为0.3%时存活率可达99.62%。H2的发酵上清液经高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测,分别检测到L-乳酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸等多种发酵代谢产物,其中L-乳酸浓度达到最大,为12.64 mmol/L,且未检到D-乳酸。H2的发酵上清液对3种自由基均有清除作用,其中对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)的清除率最高,为94.06%。

益生菌的免疫调节作用

为了解植物乳杆菌、芽孢乳酸菌和益生菌死菌体的免疫调节作用,通过对保健产品的介绍,说明了植物乳杆菌有预防沙门氏菌、增强人体自然杀伤细胞活性、增强肠道免疫力和促进双岐杆菌生长的作用,芽孢乳酸菌耐酸、耐热性强,在肠道中可发芽增殖,抑制感染,有促进双歧杆菌生长的作用,益生菌死菌体有不受抗生素影响、抑制肠道中沙门杆菌、促进肠道免疫功能、和增强机体免疫力的功能。

酸啤酒酿造用乳酸菌的筛选及应用

乳酸菌及其代谢产物在食品、医药领域有着极其重要的应用价值,但啤酒中的酒精和异α-酸会抑制乳酸菌的活性,限制了其在啤酒中的应用。筛选获得对酒精和异α-酸皆具良好耐受性和良好的体外益生潜力的乳酸菌,对开发乳酸菌啤酒具有重要意义。通过从酒花颗粒、啤酒发酵液和酸奶中分离得到若干株乳酸菌,对其进行酒精和异α-酸耐受性筛选,并结合其体外益生潜力评价其疏水性、人工胃液和人工肠液存活率分别达到81.6%(正辛烷)、77.6%(2 h)和92.4%(2 h),确定乳酸菌J6为啤酒酿造用乳酸菌。通过16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定其为植物乳杆菌J6。将该菌株应用于工坊啤酒,与对照啤酒相比,2种啤酒的发酵度和酒精度都没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但乳酸菌啤酒具有较高的乳酸菌活菌数(7.34 lgCFU/mL),且口感酸甜,有更高的果香味,总高级醇和总酯分别达到了149.25和47.60 mg/L。筛选得到的乳酸菌,可以进一步拓展乳酸菌在发酵食品中的应用,丰富工坊啤酒的品类。

低盐泡菜中耐酸性乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及特性研究

目的:筛选出具有潜在益生特性的乳酸菌菌株。方法:从含盐量≤6%的12份低盐泡菜中筛选出5株耐酸性乳酸菌,进行16S rDNA分子鉴定,并对其益生特性进行研究。结果:5株耐酸性乳酸菌分别为肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)J2、副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)N6、类植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillu paraplantarum)F8、食窦魏斯氏菌(Weissella cibaria)M1和食窦魏斯氏菌(Weissella cibaria)M12。其中,L.paracasei N6、W.cibaria M1和W.cibaria M12在pH 4.0培养基中相对生长率分别为84.23%,78.32%,76.29%,具有较强的耐酸能力;经pH 3.0胃液和pH 8.0肠液消化后,其存活率分别为79.26%,50.65%,53.37%,具有较强的耐受胃肠液能力;在0.3%胆盐中培养8 h后,其存活率均在30%以上,具有较强的耐胆盐能力;疏水率及自凝集率均在60%以上,具有较强的疏水及自凝集能力。结论:试验筛选得到3株具有益生特性的耐酸性乳酸菌菌株L.paracasei N6、W.cibaria M1和W.cibaria M12,可用于复合益生菌菌剂的研究。

On Equity Between Human and Nature

Ontological negation advance the third kind of relationship between human and nature, ＂Equity Between Human and Nature＂, which different from either ＂Western antagonism＂ or ＂Chinese traditional integration＂. Human and Nature divided but equivalent, based on the limitation of Antagonism and Oneness Between Human and Nature, as well as the Fact and empirical discovery of equity between human and hature＂. This third point of view is expected to bring a creative and productive separation and ＂a new harmony＂ which keeps those two different types of the worlds mutual, respectful and equal.

Theoretical Study on Electronic Gain-and-loss Properties of TEMPO and Its Derivates in Charge/Discharge Processes

Theoretical study on the electronic structures and related properties of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl- l-piperidinyloxy （TEMPO） and its cationic lipid derivates in the charge/discharge processes has been carried out using the density functional theory （DFT） at the （U）B3LYP/6-31G（d,p） or 6-31＋G（d,p） level. The changes and regularities of geometric and electronic properties of these compounds in the charge/discharge processes were revealed in detail. The compu- tational results show that the substitute group plays a very important role in the electronic structures and related properties of TEMPOs during the charge/discharge processes. It is very interesting to find that after getting an electron, TEMPO is more stable in singlet state but the lipid is more stable in triplet state. For TEMPO, both the charge and the discharge processes greatly influence the electronic properties of N and O atoms of the radical part. For the cationic lipid, the discharge process mainly influences the pyridinium head and the charge process mainly influences the free radical head. Moreover, the solvent effect plays an important role in some bond lengths and the charge population of the free radical head. In addition, the UV-Vis absorption spectra simulated using TDDFT at the 6-31G（d,p） with the experimental ones. of TEMPO and the lipid were calculated and or 6-31＋G（d,p） level, in satisfying agreement

Research on the Knowledge System Framework of Eco-industrial Engineering

With intensified contradiction between the rapid devel- opment of modem industry and the carrying capacity of natural environment, coordinating the relationship between economic benefits and ecological benefits is a significant issue to be solved for modem industrial engineering. This paper firstly conducts the comparative analysis between traditional and ecological industry as well as traditional and modem industrial engineering, and in- dicates that eco-industrial engineering is an inevitable choice for sustainable development of modem industrial engineering; Then, based on industrial ecology, environmental economics and sustain- able development theory, the connotation and definition of eco- industrial engineering are proposed, and the theoretical and practi- cal development of the concepts of eco-industrial engineering are further investigated. Furthermore, the research subject, research content, academic system architecture and evaluation methods of eco-industrial engineering are discussed. Finally, combining the current scientific and technological development, we put forward the important scientific value and practical significance of con- structing eco-industrial engineering for the utilization of these concepts.

Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from and the Economic Efficiency of the ＂Hita City Biomass Recycle Center＂

Many biomass recycling facilities have been established in Japan, but its environmental efficiencies have been studied little. MIC has stated that these facilities do not work as well as expected. The environmental and economic efficiencies ofa biomass recycling center （representative of other recycling facilities） in Hita city are assessed here. The center was built to decrease the amount of waste needing to be disposed of, and is unusual in that it generates electricity using the methane produced. Electricity produced from biomass sells at a higher price than electricity sold by electricity companies in Japan, and this strongly affects the recycling center operation. The environmental efficiency of the recycling center was assessed using a lifecycle assessment method, and the economic efficiency was assessed from the amounts of greenhouse gases emitted and the running costs. As the result, it was clear that the recycling center emits about 20% of the greenhouse gases that were previously emitted. Treating biomass at the recycling center costs 1,356 yen per ton of biomass throughout the year. In conclusion, the recycling center decreases the environmental footprint of Hita city. The cost of decreasing greenhouse gas emissions is about 1,400 yen per ton of biomass.

The in Vitro Effect of a Symbiotic Combination Between Cellobiose and Two Probiotic Strains Toward Two Pathogenic Bacteria

Intestinal microflora possesses both beneficial and pathogenic properties with respect to host health and well being. Three procedures are usually proposed for its modulation： probiotic, prebiotic and their combination on symbiotic. In this in vitro study the authors assess the effect of a symbiotic combination between cellobiose and two probiotic strains （L. rhamnosus, S. thermophilus） toward two pathogenic bacteria （S. aureus and E. colO. In addition, we evaluate the influence of this fiber either on the localization of the lactic inhibiting substances and their extracelluler polymer substances （EPS） production. The results showed that the prebiotic candidate noticeably elongated the adaptation phase of the target pathogens to up than 12 hours, while stimulate the probiotic growth till 2 Log CFU/mL in favor of L. rhamnosus and to approximately 3 Log CFU/mL for S. thermophilus compared with control substrate （glucose）. The inhibiting effect was more important toward S. aureus （2.54 and 1.09 Log CFU/mL against 4.99 and 7.75 in co-culture with L. rhamnosus and S. thermophilus respectively at the 4th hour of incubation） and lesser for E. coli compared with the control substrate. And the results suggested that S thermophilus inhibited both target strains mainly by bacteriocins, whilst L. rharnnosus rather inhibited S. aureus growth by bacteriocins and E. coli ones by acids production. We also observed a significant stimulation of the exopolysaccahrids production by this fiber, which may allow a better adhesion of the probiotic candidates in the intestinal tract.