益生细菌复配剂增效作用的研究

研究表明，以温州蜜柑为材料测定植物体益生细菌的二个组合复配剂均表现显著的增效作用，益生细菌与激素等物质复配在国内尚属首次报告。在二个组合中均以c号剂增效作用最大。在复配增效小区试验中，A组合c号复配剂与赤霉素和菌剂单剂比较，在果率分别增加78和56．9％，林产分别增加16．7和7．7％，净收益分别增加17．4和7．4％。先取A组合号配方作为复合生物增果剂使用，商品名称为增果乐（WP）。该剂对柑桔、葡萄等作物所进行的火点示范性小区试验证明，同样表现增产和改善产品品质的功能。

试论微生态中药制剂——开发意义与实践

中药应用生物技术转化是中药现代化的一个前沿研究领域。微生态中药制剂是在传统的中药制备中,引入益生细菌等有益微生物发酵技术制备的口服类中药制剂。该文试图应用医学微生态学理论和通过对中华圣宝口服液等微生态中药制剂的深度剖析,阐述开发微生态中药制剂的现实意义。

试论微生态中药制剂——风险评估与机理探讨

中药的全成分生物转化是一个复杂的、模糊的化合物变化过程。该文借助哲学思维、逻辑方法和现阶段对医学科学的认知,对微生态中药制剂的发酵工艺进行风险性评估,从而为其构筑一条可行性生产工艺底线。根据医学微生态学理论,结合国内外学者对中药药效基础物质在人体内的代谢研究成果,探讨微生态中药制剂发酵工艺的作用机理,并在多年对发酵中药制剂的探索和实践基础上,作者提出了微生态中药理论假说,认为"微生态中药制剂较相应的传统中药制剂可望具有提高药物的生物利用度、减少患者个体对药物代谢的差异性、丰富产品营养结构、改善产品口感和延长产品有效期(或保质期)等5个方面的优势。微生态中药制剂对肠道微生态失衡的老弱多病患者,存在营养风险的重症患者,大手术后康复期患者,或放化疗癌症患者,尤其具有重要的临床意义"。另外,开发、推广微生态中药制剂还可望大为提高中药生产中对中药材的综合利用率。

试论微生态中药制剂——开发策略与战略意义

微生态中药制剂是以微生态学为理论基础,在传统中药制剂的制备工艺中,结合益生细菌等有益微生物发酵及酶法水解等现代生物技术制备的口服类中药制剂。微生态中药的发酵工艺是一项共性技术,具有普遍的适用性和广泛的实用性,可成为现阶段实施大中药产业战略的有力助推器。将该创新工艺引入到中药复方制剂生产中,可望实现对传统名优中药进行"批量式"二次开发;引入到药用植物提取物生产中,可望提升产品的附加值;引入到中药兽药和饲料添加剂生产中,可望破解人、畜同用抗生素引起交叉耐药的困境。根据中药的属性和类别,分别以食品级、保健食品级、医院制剂、国家级中药新药、中药兽药及饲料添加剂等各种类别,全方位、多层次地开发、推广微生态中药产品,可望创建一个拥有我国自主知识产权、具有国际话语权的战略性新兴医药产业群。

Probiotic modulation of dendritic cells co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells

AIM： To investigate cytokine production and cell surface phenotypes of dendritic cells （DC） in the presence of epithelial cells stimulated by probiotics.METHODS： Mouse DC were cultured alone or together with mouse epithelial cell monolayers in normal or in- verted systems and were stimulated with heat-killed probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium lactis ADO 11 （BL）, Bifidobacterium bilfidum BGN4 （BB）, Lactobacillus casei IBS041 （LC）, and Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031 （LA）, for 12 h. Cytokine levels in the culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent as say and phenotypic analysis of DC was investigated by flow cytometry.RESULTS： BB and LC in singlecultured DC increased the expression of I-Ad, CD86 and CD40 （I-Ad, 18.51 vs 30.88, 46.11, CD86, 62.74 vs 92.7, 104.12; CD40, 0.67 vs 6.39, 3.37, P 〈 0.05）. All of the experimental probiot-ics increased the production of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin （IL）-6 and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α. However, in the normal coculture systems, LC and LA decreased the expression of I-A^α （39.46 vs 30.32, 33.26, P 〈 0.05）, and none of the experimental probiotics increased the levels of IL-6 or TNF-α. In the inverted coculture systems, LC decreased the expression of CD40 （1.36 vs -2.27, P 〈 0.05）, and all of the experimental probiotics decreased the levels of IL-6. In addition, BL increased the production of IL-10 （103.8 vs 166.0, P 〈 0.05） and LC and LA increased transforming growth factor-13 secretion （235.9 vs 618.9, 607.6, P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： These results suggest that specific pro- biotic strains exert differential immune modulation mediated by the interaction of dendritic cells and epithelial cells in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract.

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human mast cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray analysis.METHODS:Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L.rhamnosus) GG (LGG),L.rhamnosus Lc705 (Lc705),Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.shermanii JS (PJS) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis Bb12 (Bb12) and their combination for 3 or 24 h,and were subjected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array.The gene expression differences between unstimulated and bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool and MeV Multiexperiment Viewer-tool.RESULTS:LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE receptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G,respectively) and histamine H4 receptor.LGG,Lc705 and the combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect on the expression of genes involved in mast cell immune system regulation,and on several genes that encoded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact,such as interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha.Also genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory functions,such as IL-10,were upregulated.CONCLUSION:Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes,and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response.

Probiotic metabolites from Bacillus coagulans GanedenBC30^(TM) support maturation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro

AIM:To study the effects of probiotic metabolites on maturation stage of antigen-presenting immune cells.METHODS:Ganeden Bacillus coagulans 30(GBC30) bacterial cultures in log phase were used to isolate the secreted metabolite(MET) fraction.A second fraction was made to generate a crude cell-wall-enriched fraction,by centrifugation and lysis,followed by washing.A preparation of MET was subjected to size exclusion centrifugation,generating three fractions:< 3 kDa,3-30 kDa,and 30-200 kDa and activities were tested in comparison to crude MET and cell wall in primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) as a source of antigen-presenting mononuclear phagocytes.The maturation status of mononuclear phagocytes was evaluated by staining with monoclonal antibodies towards CD14,CD16,CD80 and CD86 and analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:Treatment of PBMC with MET supported maturation of mononuclear phagocytes toward both macrophage and dendritic cell phenotypes.The biological activity unique to the metabolites included a reduction of CD14+ CD16+ pro-inflammatory cells,and this property was associated with the high molecular weight metabolite fraction.Changes were also seen for the dendritic cell maturation markers CD80 and CD86.On CD14dim cells,an increase in both CD80 and CD86 expression was seen,in contrast to a selective increase in CD86 expression on CD14bright cells.The co-expression of CD80 and CD86 indicates effective antigen presentation to T cells and support of T helper cell differentiation.The selective expression of CD86 in the absence of CD80 points to a role in generating T regulatory cells.CONCLUSION:The data show that a primary mechanism of action of GBC30 metabolites involves support of more mature phenotypes of antigen-presenting cells,important for immunological decision-making.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal injury and probiotic agents

Intestinal bacteria play a role in the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAID）-induced small intestinal injury. Agents such as probiotics, able to modi~ the gut ecology, might theoretically be useful in preventing small intestinal damage induced by NSAIDs. The clinical studies available so far do suggest that some probiotic agents can be effective in this respect.

Research Progress of Soil Microbiology

This paper aims at summarized the research progress of soil microbes,in amount of soil microbes including bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,soil microbial biomass,including microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus,function of microbial and screening and application of beneficial microorganisms etc.,and future research are discussed combined with our project team for many years of work.

Interkingdom signaling in plant-microbe interactions

The widespread communications between prokaryotes and eukaryotes via signaling molecules are believed to affect gene expression in both partners.During the communication process,the contacted organisms produce and release small molecules that establish communication channels between two kingdoms—this procedure is known as interkingdom signaling.Interkingdom communications are widespread between pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their host plants,with diversified outcomes depending on the specific chemical-triggered signaling pathways.Deciphering the signals or language of this interkingdom communication and uncovering the underlying mechanisms are major current challenges in this field.It is evident that diverse signaling molecules can be produced or derived from bacteria and plants,and researchers have sought to identify these signals and explore the mechanisms of the signaling pathways.The results of such studies will lead to the development of strategies to improve plant disease resistance through controlling interkingdom signals,rather than directly killing the pathogenic bacteria.Also,the identification of signals produced by beneficial bacteria will be useful for agricultural applications.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of cross-kingdom interactions between plant and bacteria,and how LuxR-family transcription factors in plant associated bacterial quorum sensing system are involved in the interkingdom signaling.