Central Composite Design(CCD) and response surface methodology were used in the experiment to examine the combined effect of temperature(16-28℃) and salinity(18-42) on Hsp70 and IgM genes expression levels in turbot(...Central Composite Design(CCD) and response surface methodology were used in the experiment to examine the combined effect of temperature(16-28℃) and salinity(18-42) on Hsp70 and IgM genes expression levels in turbot(Scophthalmus maximus) liver and kidney.The results showed that the coefficients of determination(R^2=0.965 2 for liver Hsp70,0.972 9 for kidney Hsp70,0.921 for liver IgM and 0.962 1 for kidney IgM) and probability values(P<0.01) were significant for the regression model.The interactive effect between temperature and salinity on liver Hsp70,kidney Hsp70 and liver IgM were not significant(P>0.05),while the interactive effect between temperature and salinity on kidney IgM was significant(P<0.01).The model equation could be used in practice for forecasting Hsp70 and IgM genes expression levels in the liver and kidney of juvenile turbot via applying statistical optimization of the response of interest,at which the maximum liver Hsp70,kidney Hsp70,liver IgM and kidney IgM of1.48,1.49,2.48,and 1.38,respectively,were reached.The present model may be valuable in assessing the feasibility of turbot farming at different geographic locations and,furthermore,could be a useful reference for scientists studying the immunity of turbot.展开更多
The failure of pillars between bedded salt cavern gas storages can be seen as processes that the deformations of pillars convert from continuous gradual change system to catastrophe state,which are typical nonlinear c...The failure of pillars between bedded salt cavern gas storages can be seen as processes that the deformations of pillars convert from continuous gradual change system to catastrophe state,which are typical nonlinear catastrophe problems.In the paper,the cusp catastrophe model is proposed to obtain the stability factors of pillars.It can overcome the shortages of traditional strength reduction finite element method(SR FEM) and greatly improve the accuracy of stability factors obtained by numerical simulations.The influences of cavern depth,gas pressure,pillar width,and time on the stability factors are studied.Y-1 and Y-2 salt cavern gas storages,located at Jiangsu province of China,were simulated as examples.The stability factors of pillars between Y-1 and Y-2 were evaluated,and the running parameters were recommended to ensure the pillars stability.The results showed that the cusp catastrophe model has high practicability and can precisely predict the stability factors.The stability factors are equidirectional with the increase of gas pressure and pillar width,but reverse to the increase of cavern depth and time.The stability factors of pillars between Y-1 and Y-2 are small for narrow widths,which are influenced greatly by gas pressure,time,pressure difference,and gas production rate.In order to ensure the safety of pillars,the lowest gas pressure,safe running time,max.pressure difference and max.gas production rate of Y-1 and Y-2 were recommended as 7 MPa,5 years,3 MPa,and 0.50 MPa/d,respectively.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA10A408-8)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-50-G01)
文摘Central Composite Design(CCD) and response surface methodology were used in the experiment to examine the combined effect of temperature(16-28℃) and salinity(18-42) on Hsp70 and IgM genes expression levels in turbot(Scophthalmus maximus) liver and kidney.The results showed that the coefficients of determination(R^2=0.965 2 for liver Hsp70,0.972 9 for kidney Hsp70,0.921 for liver IgM and 0.962 1 for kidney IgM) and probability values(P<0.01) were significant for the regression model.The interactive effect between temperature and salinity on liver Hsp70,kidney Hsp70 and liver IgM were not significant(P>0.05),while the interactive effect between temperature and salinity on kidney IgM was significant(P<0.01).The model equation could be used in practice for forecasting Hsp70 and IgM genes expression levels in the liver and kidney of juvenile turbot via applying statistical optimization of the response of interest,at which the maximum liver Hsp70,kidney Hsp70,liver IgM and kidney IgM of1.48,1.49,2.48,and 1.38,respectively,were reached.The present model may be valuable in assessing the feasibility of turbot farming at different geographic locations and,furthermore,could be a useful reference for scientists studying the immunity of turbot.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Grant Nos 2008ZX05017, 2008ZX05036)the Ex-cellent Doctor Degree Dissertation Training Program of China University of Petroleum (Grant No Z10-10)
文摘The failure of pillars between bedded salt cavern gas storages can be seen as processes that the deformations of pillars convert from continuous gradual change system to catastrophe state,which are typical nonlinear catastrophe problems.In the paper,the cusp catastrophe model is proposed to obtain the stability factors of pillars.It can overcome the shortages of traditional strength reduction finite element method(SR FEM) and greatly improve the accuracy of stability factors obtained by numerical simulations.The influences of cavern depth,gas pressure,pillar width,and time on the stability factors are studied.Y-1 and Y-2 salt cavern gas storages,located at Jiangsu province of China,were simulated as examples.The stability factors of pillars between Y-1 and Y-2 were evaluated,and the running parameters were recommended to ensure the pillars stability.The results showed that the cusp catastrophe model has high practicability and can precisely predict the stability factors.The stability factors are equidirectional with the increase of gas pressure and pillar width,but reverse to the increase of cavern depth and time.The stability factors of pillars between Y-1 and Y-2 are small for narrow widths,which are influenced greatly by gas pressure,time,pressure difference,and gas production rate.In order to ensure the safety of pillars,the lowest gas pressure,safe running time,max.pressure difference and max.gas production rate of Y-1 and Y-2 were recommended as 7 MPa,5 years,3 MPa,and 0.50 MPa/d,respectively.
