盐条件下不同植物生长调节剂对冰菜种子萌发的影响

冰菜是一种具有极强耐盐性的新型蔬菜,具有极高的营养价值和保健作用。本文针对冰菜种子萌发率低的问题,采用不同浓度的赤霉素(GA_3)、水杨酸(SA)和抗坏血酸(Vc)等3种植物生长调节剂在盐条件下处理冰菜种子。研究结果表明:冰菜种子萌发的最适盐浓度为10 g·L^(-1)。在此盐度下,若添加10 mg·L^(-1)的GA_3,冰菜种子的发芽率最高可达77.3%;也可添加20 mg·L^(-1)的水杨酸或20 mg·L^(-1)的抗坏血酸,都会对冰菜种子萌发具有明显的促进效果。

有盐条件下微生物对石油的降解效果研究

通过摇瓶试验,研究含盐量为7 000 mg·L-1、石油含量分别为10 000 mg·L-1,30 000 mg·L-1,50 000 mg·L-1条件下,空白对照组(不添加微生物)、细菌组、真菌组分别在5,12,19,26,33 d时对石油的降解效果,并对比分析了降解效果.结果表明,经过33 d后,空白对照组中石油含量未变化,细菌组石油含量为10 000 mg·L-1一组的石油降解率最高,达到了65.69%,真菌组石油含量为30 000 mg·L-1一组石油降解率最高,达到了45.84%.可见,在较高的含盐量条件下,细菌和真菌对石油的降解也仍然有显著效果.

在严重干旱地区及水中含盐条件下种植先锋植物

阿拉伯联合酋长国1981年开始从澳大利亚引进 Chloris gayana 即“先锋”(虎尾草属的一种)栽培,作为牧场草种。其目的是为迅速发展起来的畜牧业提供粗饲料。最初是在有喷灌设施的条件下种植了200ha“先锋”草,灌溉水为地下水,含盐量为3500ppm。该项目在三个月内就进入了全面生产,因此,各种机构将其推广种植达2000多ha。除了栽培一定规模的“先锋”草外,林业部还开始了一项试验,研究“先锋”草对含盐量较高的灌溉水的适应性。试验在该地区的各种土壤类型上进行,调查记录了“先锋”草对各种土壤和水质的反应。试验进行了两年,共收割了九次牧草。试验结果:草籽的发芽率和牧草产量与各土壤参数有关;灌溉水实际含盐量达6000ppm 时,草籽就不能发芽;随着灌溉水含盐量的增加,牧草的干物质产量减低。进而推论,在水分含盐量达15000ppm,“先锋”草籽不能发芽的地方,采用漫灌后丛栽,仍能成功地建立“先锋”草牧场。

舰载装备盐雾试验条件的剪裁

盐雾试验是一种加速试验方法,对被试件耐受海洋环境腐蚀能力起到筛选验证和检验考核的作用。舰载装备局部安装环境有所不同,使用相同的盐雾试验条件显然无法科学考核舰载装备的耐腐蚀能力。本文通过对舰载装备所处的海洋环境和局部安装环境进行分析,对比现行盐雾试验条件,提出了舰载装备处于三类典型安装环境时的盐雾试验条件及试验合格评定标准,可为舰载装备盐雾试验条件的剪裁提供参考。

碱性盐化条件下蒙脱石和伊利石对镉的吸附特征研究

通过吸附试验方法研究了碱性条件下蒙脱石和伊利石对镉的吸附特征以及可溶性无机盐对蒙脱石和伊利石吸附镉的影响。结果表明,碱性条件下两种粘土矿物(蒙脱石和伊利石)对镉的吸附行为受pH值、镉离子初始浓度、两种粘土矿物用量及反应时间等因素的影响;pH值对蒙脱石和伊利石吸附镉影响显著,当pH值从7增加到9时,蒙脱石和伊利石对镉的吸附量分别由5.26mg·g-1和3.84mg·g-1增加到7.24mg·g-1和7.02mg·g-1;随着两种粘土矿物用量的增加,相对吸附量有降低的趋势;吸附量随着反应时间的增加而增大,当反应时间超过6h,吸附量不再增加,吸附趋于平衡。在pH9时,可溶性无机盐阳离子对粘土矿物的影响较大:同种无机盐阳离子对粘土矿物解吸镉的影响随着浓度的增加而增大,不同无机盐阳离子在相同浓度条件下,对粘土矿物解吸镉的影响依次为氯化铵>氯化钙>氯化钾>氯化钠;可溶性无机盐阴离子对粘土矿物解吸镉的影响复杂,氯化钠、硝酸钠促进蒙脱石和伊利石对镉的解吸,碳酸钠、磷酸钠、硫酸钠由于阴离子与镉离子结合产生沉淀,最终促进了对蒙脱石和伊利石对镉吸附。

盐胁迫条件下杂交水稻种子发芽特性和幼苗耐盐生理基础

两个杂交稻组合汕优 10号和两优培九种子分别放在 H2 O、5 0 mmol/ L、10 0 mmol/ L和 15 0 mmol/ L的 Na Cl溶液中于 30℃下发芽 ,测定种子发芽性能和淀粉酶活性及幼苗保护酶活性、丙二醛 (MDA)含量和脯氨酸、可溶性糖、果糖和蔗糖等相容性溶质含量。结果表明 ,盐胁迫条件下杂交水稻种子平均发芽时间延长 ,发芽指数降低 ,但发芽势和发芽率变化不明显。盐胁迫后明显降低两优培九种子 α,β-淀粉酶活性 ,而汕优 10号中 ,除在 5 0 mmol/ L Na Cl溶液中 α-淀粉酶活性高于对照 (H2 O)外 ,其余处理均降低了α,β-淀粉酶活性。不同盐胁迫程度下杂交水稻幼苗超氧物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性和丙二醛含量及脯氨酸、可溶性糖、果糖和蔗糖等相容性溶质含量变化有差异 ,但未见规律性趋势。杂交水稻幼苗相对含水量和耐盐比率随着盐胁迫程度加深而明显下降。试验还表明 ,盐胁迫条件下杂交水稻组合汕优 10号种子发芽性能比两优培九好 ,淀粉酶和保护酶活性、相容性溶质含量和相对含水量及耐盐指数和耐盐比率也均高于两优培九 ,说明汕优

盐雾条件下紫铜的腐蚀行为研究

在中性盐雾条件下研究紫铜的腐蚀行为,揭示电子产品紫铜在中性盐雾腐蚀的规律,通过失重法、极化曲线等手段进行表征。结果表明,紫铜单位面积失重量随暴露时间的延长而增加,但其腐蚀速率随时间的延长而逐渐减小,最后趋于平缓。随着盐雾时间的延长,紫铜的自腐蚀电位先降低再升高,腐蚀速率先增大后减小。

盐雾试验条件对直升机机载产品试验结果的影响

盐雾试验通过人工模拟盐雾环境考核装备及其材料保护性覆盖层的质量,国内军用直升机机载产品是按GJB 150系列标准的盐雾试验方法来开展试验,定位机载产品上潜在的腐蚀薄弱点、发现设计缺陷。本文介绍了材料表面电化学腐蚀机理和潜在的腐蚀风险,列举了影响盐雾试验结果的各种条件,分析了盐溶液浓度、pH、沉降率、喷雾方式等因素的变化对试验结果产生的影响,为机载产品盐雾试验条件的剪裁提供理论基础。

SDC-M型天然混合羧酸盐高温高盐下的性能特点

本文介绍了改进产品SDC-M型天然混合羧酸盐的主要性能特点,实验表明,在高温高盐条件下,SDC-M型天然混合羧酸盐与分散剂DSB复配使用,可较好地溶于不同矿化度的污水中,一定比例条件下,二者可与高二价阳离子形成超低界面张力,具有较好的洗油效果,可广泛用于油井洗井及单井吞吐采油技术中。

基于地层水蒸发的气井井筒结盐理论模型及实践--以文23储气库为例

地下储气库是保障季节调峰和平稳供气最经济、最有效的手段。为了解决高矿化度地层水气藏型储气库结盐问题,尤其是井筒结盐预测问题,保障文23储气库的安全和正常运行,通过室内实验测试了不同压力和温度条件下地层水蒸发规律,确定了地层水结盐条件;并结合地层水盐析临界条件,首次建立了将气水相态与井筒流体质量守恒、能量守恒、动量守恒、井筒流体传热进行耦合的井筒结盐理论预测模型;应用模型分析了井筒结盐机理,计算了地层水矿化度和水气比对气井结盐的影响规律。研究结果表明:①随着温度增加和压力降低,地层水蒸发速度呈指数增加,地层水结盐的临界矿化度为350 g/L;②气井结盐主要机理是从井底到井口,在井筒温度和压力变化影响下烃水平衡使得地层水蒸发加剧,地层水矿化度达到结盐临界矿化度;③气井中水气比越小(低于0.15 m^(3)·10^(-4) m^(-3)),矿化度越大(高于260 g/L),井筒结盐风险越高,结盐位置在离井口1500 m左右。结论认为,建立的储气库井筒结盐理论预测模型与矿场监测到的气井结盐规律基本吻合,有助于高矿化度地层水气藏型储气库结盐防控,对保障储气库安全高效运行具有重要意义,同时该模型可为其他储气库气井井筒结盐预测、预防提供参考。

食盐添加量和盐擂时间对墨鱼鱼丸综合品质的影响

以持水性、水分含量、质构、白度、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、感官评分为考核指标,研究食盐添加量和盐擂时间对墨鱼鱼丸综合品质的影响。结果表明,食盐添加量和盐擂时间对墨鱼鱼丸制品的各项品质指标存在不同程度的影响。食盐添加量为3%盐擂10 min时,墨鱼鱼丸凝胶特性、保水性和白度值较优;食盐添加量为3%盐擂10 min时,制品的TVB-N为4.01 mg N/100 g,随着食盐添加量的提高TVB-N的产生量呈下降趋势;相同食盐添加量,盐擂时间为10和15 min时,墨鱼鱼丸的保水性、质构特性、口感滋味等综合感官品质优于20 min,但过长的盐擂时间会导致制品温度上升而影响其品质。综合各项相关指标,确定食盐添加量3%、盐擂时间10~15 min为最优的墨鱼鱼丸盐擂技术条件。

伊利石对碱性盐化土壤中镉形态的影响

[目的]研究不同伊利石添加量对碱性盐化土壤中重金属镉形态的影响及达到吸附稳定的时间。[方法]采用Tessier连续提取法。[结果]在pH为7.93的土壤溶液中,黏土矿物伊利石的添加使得土壤中重金属镉的有效态逐渐减少,其有效态减少总量从2.047mg/kg增加到3.103 mg/kg,铁锰氧化态和碳酸盐态均有不同程度的升高,有机结合态变化不明显,在吸附行为发生14 d左右基本达到平衡,最后出现少量的离子"释放"。[结论]伊利石对碱性盐化土壤中镉形态有较显著的影响。

盐溶液条件对边界润滑添加剂在带电表面吸附行为的影响

为揭示盐溶液条件对边界润滑添加剂聚醚接枝聚羧酸盐(Poly(carboxylate ether), PCE)吸附行为的影响,利用表面力仪在一种商业PCE的多种水溶液中直接测量带电云母表面之间的法向作用力。力—距离测量表明PCE从0.1 mol/L K2SO4溶液中微弱地吸附于云母表面,其边界吸附薄膜(厚度约50?)在相当于三四个大气压的载荷条件下即从两表面间完全挤出。解吸附之后,PCE能立即实现相同的再吸附。在相同离子强度的0.1 mol/L Ca(NO3)2溶液中,PCE却不吸附于云母表面。但是,在低浓度的5 mmol/L Ca(NO3)2溶液中,PCE在云母表面建立厚度约40?的牢固边界吸附层。二价Ca2+离子能桥接两PCE边界吸附层,而单价的K+离子不能。二价阳离子桥接吸附机理只能在有限的离子浓度范围内发生。

核酸及蛋白质合成、提取、纯化

932148从丝状真菌、子实体和受感染的植物组织提取大分子量 DNA 的简便而有效的方法[英]/Moeller,E.M.…//Nucleic Acids Res.-1992,20(22).-6115～6116[译自 DBA,1993,12(2),93-00662]DNA 纯化法包括:用SDS/蛋白酶K钝化蛋自结合用热 CTAB 在含 SDS

Effects of Multiple Soil Conditioners on a Mine Site Acid Sulfate Soil for Vetiver Growth

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various soil treatments on the growth of vetiver grass ( Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) with the objective of formulating appropriate soil media for use in sulfide-bearing mined areas. An acidic mine site acid sulfate soil (pH 2.8) was treated with different soil conditioner formula including hydrated lime, red mud (bauxite residues), zeolitic rock powder, biosolids and a compound fertilizer. Soils treated with red mud and hydrated lime corrected soil acidity and reduced or eliminated metal toxicity enabling the establishment of vetiver grass.Although over-liming affected growth, some seedlings of vetiver survived the initial strong alkaline conditions. Addition of appropriate amounts of zeolitic rock powder also enhanced growth, but over-application caused detrimental effects. In this experiment, soil medium with the best growth performance of vetiver was 50 g of red mud, 10 g of lime, 30 g of zeolitic rock powder and 30 g of biosolids with 2000 g of mine soils (100% survival rate with the greatest biomass and number of new shoots), but adding a chemical fertilizer to this media adversely impacted plant growth. In addition, a high application rate of biosolids resulted in poorer growth of vetiver, compared to a moderate application rate.

Production of DMS and DMSP in different physiological stages and salinity conditions in two marine algae

Dimethylsulfide(DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) production by Scrippsiella trochoidea and Prorocentrum minimum was investigated to characterize the effects of physiological stage and salinity on DMS and DMSP pools of these two marine phytoplankton species.Axenic laboratory cultures of the two marine algae were tested for DMSP production and its conversion into DMS.The results demonstrated that both algal species could produce DMS,but the average concentration of DMS per cell in S.trochoidea(12.63 fmol/L) was about six times that in P.minimum(2.01 fmol/L).DMS and DMSP concentrations in algal cultures varied significantly at different growth stages,with high release during the late stationary growth phase and the senescent phase.DMS production induced by three salinities(22,28,34) showed that the DMS concentrations per cell in the two algal cultures increased with increasing salinity,which might result from intra-cellular DMSP up-regulation with the change of osmotic stress.Our study specifies the distinctive contributions of different physiological stages of marine phytoplankton on DMSP and DMS production,and clarifies the influence of salinity conditions on the release of DMS and DMSP.As S.trochoidea and P.minimum are harmful algal bloom species with high DMS production,they might play an additional significant role in the sulfur cycle when a red tide occurs.

Experimental research on oxidation of phenol by activated persulfate

In this paper, the optimum process parameters were obtained through treating phenol of simulated semi-coking wastewater using heat, Fe2＋, Fe^0 and semi-coke to catalyze persulfate. The results of phenol decomposition using PS catalyzed by heating, Fe2＋, Fe^0 and semi-coke were compared for selecting a better activating way. The article investigated the effects of temperature, catalyzer dosage, pH value and reaction time. The experiment showed the four methods can all catalyzed the process. Under the experimental conditions of heating, Fe2＋, Fe^0 and semi-coke degradation rate could reach to 20.7%, 75.1%, 94.5% and 40.0%, respectively. On this basis, this study established an Lt6（45） table to analyze the main influencing factors in semi-coke/Fe^0 catalyzing system. Under the optimum conditions, the degradation rate of Phenol reached to 93.6%. However, the PS dosage was reduced by 14.4%.

The impacts of different surface boundary conditions for sea surface salinity on simulation in an OGCM

An OGCM, LICOM2.0, was used to investigate the effects of different surface boundary conditions for sea surface salinity （SSS） on simulations of global mean salinity, SSS, and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation （AMOC）. Four numerical experiments （CTRL, Expl, Exp2 and Exp3） were designed with the same forcing data-set, CORE.v2, and different surface boundary conditions for SSS~ A new surface salinity boundary condition that consists of both virtual and real salt fluxes was adopted in the fourth experiment （Exp3）. Compared with the other experiments, the new salinity boundary condition prohibited a monotonous increasing or decreasing global mean salinity trend. As a result, global salinity was approximately conserved in EXP3. In the default salinity boundary condition setting in LICOM2.0, a weak restoring salinity term plays an essential role in reducing the simulated SSS bias, tending to increase the global mean salinity. However, a strong restoring salinity term under the sea ice can reduce the global mean salinity. The authors also found that adopting simulated SSS in the virtual salt flux instead of constant reference salinity improved the simulation of AMOC, whose strength became closer to that observed.

Aerobic Biodegradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Bacillus circulans WZ-12 CCTCC M 207006 under Saline Conditions

A novel saline-tolerant bacterium Bacillus circulans WZ-12 was evaluated for its potential to degrade four chlorinated hydrocarbons under saline conditions. CHECl2 was effectively degraded by Bacillus circulans WZ-12 cells in the medium containing NaCl concentrations ranging from 5 g.L^-1 to 10 g-L^-1, and the maximum degradation efficiency （85%） was achieved at NaCl concentration of 10 g.L^-1. Similarly, Bacillus circulans WZ-12 was able to degrade CH2BrCl, C2H4Cl2, and C2H2Cl2 in the presence of 10 g NaCl per liter within 24 h. Cells of Bacillus circulans WZ-12 grown in minimal salt medium contained low levels of glycine betaine （GB）, but GB levels were 3- to 5-fold higher in cells grown in media with high salt. Kinetic analysis revealed that biodegradation of the four chlorinated hydrocarbons was concentration dependent and a linear inverse correlation （R2= 0.85-0.94） was observed between the rate of biodegradation （V） and salt concentration from 5 g.L〈 to 60 g.L-1. The growing cells （in minimal salt medium） degraded approximately 50% of the CH2C12 within 24 h, whereas the resting cells （in physiological saline） degraded only 25% of the CH2C12 within 24 h and were inactive after 36 h cultivation. Biodegradation could be repeatedly performed for more than 192 h with more than 50% removal efficiency. Bacillus circulans WZ-12 grows well in an aqueous/oil system, hence, it is effective for the treatment of industriai efflu- ents that contain chlorinated hydrocarbons with high salt concentrations.

Et_3NHCl-AlCl_3 Ionic Liquids as Catalyst for Alkylation of Toluene with 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane

Alkylation of toluene With 2-chloro-2-methylpropane （t-Bu-C1） to synthesize para-tert-butyltoluene （PTBT） was carded out in the presence of triethylamine hydrochloride-aluminum chloride ionic liquids used as the catalyst. The ionic liquids were prepared with different molar ratios of Et3NHC1 to A1CI3, and the effect of the molar ratio between A1C13 and Et3NHC1, the reaction time, the reaction temperature, the ionic liquid dosage, as well as the molar ratio of toluene to chloro- 2-methylpropane on the alkylation reaction of toluene with chloro-2-methyl-propane was investigated. The test results showed that the acidic ionic liquids prepared with Et3NHC1 and A1C13 had good activity and selectivity for the alkylation reaction of toluene with alkyl chloride to produce PTBT. The optimal reaction conditions were specified at an A1C13 to Et3N- HCI ratio of 1.6, a reaction temperature of 20 ℃, a mass fraction of toluene to ionic liquid of 10%, and a chloro-2-methyl- propane to toluene molar ratio of 0.5. Under the suitable reaction conditions, a 98% conversion of chloro-2-methylpropane and an 82.5% selectivity of PTBT were obtained. Ionic liquids could be reused 5 times with its catalytic activity unchanged, and the regenerated ionic liquids can be recycled.