中药炮制中盐水制的重要性

目的 :研究中药盐水制对增强临床用药的效果 ;方法 :从盐水制对药物化学成分影响的研究 ,证明盐水制药是具有科学依据的。结果 :肾脏的生理特点决定其对Na+ 有特殊重吸收作用 ,盐水制药在临床应用中 ,大量的有效成份伴随着Na+ 的重吸收而被肾脏吸收。结论 :盐水制药能够改变药物的性能 ,增强药物的疗效。

中药盐水制的重要性

目的：中药盐水制不仅对药物中的一些有效成分起助 溶作用，从而增强临床用药的疗效；又可选择性降低一些药物成分的含量而降低其毒副作用。方法：从盐水制药对药物化学成分影响的研究，证明盐水制药是具有科学依据的。结果：肾脏的生理特点决定其对 Ｎａ ＋ 有特殊重吸收作用，盐水制药在临床应用中，大量的有效成分伴随着 Ｎａ＋ 的重吸收而被肾脏吸收。结论：从临床应用观察，盐水制药能够改变药物的性能，增强药物的疗效，从而证明中药盐水制是非常必要的。

介绍一种手术用无菌冰泥的制作

以往在体外循环手术中需洗手护士用刀片削切袋状生理盐水冰块制作冰泥,将500ml冰盐水全部削成冰泥需5～10min,影响了洗手护士在手术台上的配合质量及对心肌的保护。为此,我们研究了同一温度,不同数量的盐水制成冰泥及冰屑的方法,既术前将500ml袋状生理盐置入一24℃的冰箱内速冻,500ml生理盐水制成冰泥到冰屑的时间1袋为2h～2h30min,2袋为2h30min～3h30min,3袋为3h30min～5h,4袋为4h30min～6h30min,如暂时不用,冰屑可存入冰箱冷藏室内2～3h不会融化。用前取出袋状冲泥,擦干其表面水份,用2.5％碘伏消毒排气管2遍,用无菌剪刀剪开排气,使袋内压力降低,冰泥面下降,用同法将袋状盐水上1/3消毒2遍,取无菌巾包裹未消毒的盐水袋下端,待消毒液干后,在冰泥平面上lcm处,用无菌剪刀剪下包袋口,将冰泥倒入台上无菌缸内。

中药盐制法历史沿革研究

目的:中药盐制法是一种中药的辅料炮制方法,通过古籍文献查阅整理得到从盐制法出现至今的历史沿革及未来发展方向。方法:通过整理历代古籍资料,将多种信息整合分析。结果:继历朝历代的发展创新,盐制饮片品种有100余种。现今沿用盐制方法多为盐水炙、盐水蒸。结论:盐制法在未来的研究中,要从实践中将现有的炮制方法进行发展与革新,在中医药理论指导下,搭建多学科平台对盐制(炙)法原理、生产技术、质量标准等进行深入研究。

二次盐水过滤用的超精密澄清过滤技术

分析了３ 类可用于二次盐水过滤的超精密澄清过滤技术，介绍了刚性微孔聚乙烯管压滤机连续多年在盐水二次过滤的使用中所取得的主要效果。

MVR蒸发技术在氯碱行业应用现状及展望

根据MVR蒸发技术在氯碱行业的应用实例,阐述了MVR蒸发技术的特点和优势,分析了该技术在国内推广遭遇的困境。针对造成困难的症结,结合国内传统蒸发设计经验和装备制造能力水平的评价,理性地提出解决方案。

Preparation of p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde by Hydrolysis of Diazonium Salts Using Rotating Packed Bed

A new type of reactor,featured with impinging stream-rotating packed bed（IS-RPB）and coil pipes,was designed and used to prepare p-hydroxybenzaldehyde（PHB）by hydrolysis from diazonium salts.The influence of operating parameters,such as reaction temperature,reaction time and high gravity factor,on the yield of PHB was investigated.Compared with the traditional kettle-type reactor,the yield of PHB with the new reactor is increased significantly and the reaction time is much shorter.Under the optimum conditions,the yield of PHB is increased from 51%to 84.1%.The reactor offers an opportunity for replacing the traditional batch mode operation with a continuous process.

Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation in Pure Water and Inhibitor Containing Systems

Kinetic data of methane hydrate formation in the presence of purewater, brines with single salt and mixed salts, and aqueous solutionsof ethylene glycol (EG) and salt + EG were measured. A new kineticmodel of hydrate formation for the methane + water systems wasdeveloped based on a four-step formation mechanism and reactionkinetics approach. The proposed kinetic model predicts the kineticbehavior of methane hydrate formation in pure water with goodaccuracy. The feasibility of extending the kinetic model to salt (s)and EG containing systems was explored.

Beneficial effect of sulphate-bicarbonate-calcium water on gallstone risk and weight control

AIM： To investigate the effect of drinking sulphate-bi- carbonate-calcium thermal water （TW） on risk factors for atherosclerosis and cholesterol gallstone disease.

Reactive dividing wall column for hydrolysis of methyl acetate:Design and control

Reactive distillation and dividing wall column distillation are two kinds of effective separation technologies,and their integrated configuration,reactive dividing wall column(RDWC),presents attractive advantages.In this study,the rigorous simulation of RDWC for methyl acetate hydrolysis is performed,and sensitivity analysis is conducted to obtain the minimum reboiler duty.Then a comparison is made between the conventional process and RDWC process,and it shows that 20.1% energy savings can be achieved by RDWC process.In addition,the dynamic characteristic of RDWC is studied and an effective control strategy is proposed.The simple PI control scheme with three temperature loops can obtain reasonable control performance and maintain products at desired purities.It is proved that this RDWC process is an energy efficiency alternative with good controllability.

有机分离膜耦合高级氧化技术在浓盐有机废水中的应用研究

本文研究了有机分离膜技术耦合高级氧化技术(臭氧及过氧化氢催化氧化)对煤制油有机浓盐水COD的去除效果。试验结果表明,采用臭氧直接氧化,控制臭氧投加量100 mg/L,最佳反应时间为120 min,COD去除率33.5%;120 min以后对剩余有机物进行臭氧+过氧化氢催化氧化COD几乎无变化。对比有机分离膜产水利用臭氧直接氧化,反应25 min,COD从490 mg/L下降至196 mg/L,去除率为60%;25 min后继续臭氧+过氧化氢催化氧化膜产水,COD从196 mg/L下降至52 mg/L,去除率为73.5%。有机分离膜耦合臭氧及催化氧化的反应速率分别为直接臭氧氧化和催化氧化速率的10.5、12.5倍,该耦合技术能够有效提高氧化速率。

Influence of chloride salts on hydrogen generation via hydrolysis of MgH_2 prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis and mechanical milling

The effects of chloride salts(NaCl,MgCl2and NH4Cl)on the hydrolysis kinetics of MgH2prepared by hydridingcombustion synthesis and mechanical milling(HCS+MM)were discussed.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses show that high-purityMgH2was successfully prepared by HCS.Hydrolysis performance test results indicate that the chloride salt added during the millingprocess is favorable to the initial reaction rate and hydrogen generation yield within60min.A MgH2?10%NH4Cl composite exhibitsthe best performance with the hydrogen generation yield of1311mL/g and a conversion rate of85.69%in60min at roomtemperature.It is suggested that the chloride salts not only play as grinding aids in the milling process,but also create fresh surface ofreactive materials,favoring the hydrolysis reaction.

Preparation of iminodiacetic acid salts from iminodiacetonitrile with additives assisted in subcritical water

Here, the employment of subcritical water as an environmentally benign media has shown a certain potential for the hydrolysis ofiminodiaeetonitrile （IDAN）. Additives （such as NH3.H2O, （NH4）2CO3, K2CO3） were selected to investigate the reactivity ofiminodiacetonitrile in the solutions of these species in the subcritical region for the possibility of preparing iminodiacetic acid （IDA） salts. A series of reactions were performed in a high temperature and pressure batch reactor with temperature ranging from 200 to 260 ℃, time ranging from 4 to 10 min, pressure ranging from 5 to 25 MPa and varying concentration of additives to consider the influence of these parameters on the yield of IDA salts. Reactivity of IDAN was not illustrated with the conversion but with respect to the yield of resultant IDA salts. The results demonstrate that hydrolysis reactivity of IDAN under the examined conditions has shown a remarkable sensitivity to the pH of the system at initial point of the reaction stage, and temperature effect is also obvious. Based on the results, possible reaction pathway and mechanism were proposed.

Molecular Mechanism of Rice in Response to Salt Stress

Rice is moderately sensitive to salinity,and the response to salt stress is a complex process,including the perception and transduction of salt stress signal,the activation of specific transcriptional factors and the expression of downstream stress-responsive genes.The functions of Na+ transporters which are involved in the maintenance and reconstruction of the ion homeostasis,transcriptional regulators and osmotic regulation genes were reviewed.Salt tolerance of plants are enhanced by Na+ vacuolar compartmentation or efflux or high levels of osmoprotectants accumulation in cytoplasm.

Preparation, characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal. A novel super absorbent composite, poly （acrylic acid-co-acryla- mide）/potassium humate （PAA-AM/KHA）, was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N, N＇-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, degree of neutralization of the poly （acrylic acid） and the amounts of crosslinker, initiator and potassium humate were investigated. Salt resistance tests were also carded out. The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium bumate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water, and 349, 286 and 41 gig in 0.5 mol/L KC1, MgC12 and A1CI3 solutions respectively. The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly （acrylic acid-co-acrylamide） because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate. The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Introduction of potassium humate into the poly （acrylic acid-co-acrylamide） structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments. The salt resisting property of the composite is improved, production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.

Assessment of Saline Water Intrusion into Huong River in Dry Season

Most rivers in Vietnam flow directly to the sea where the interaction between fresh and salt water occurs. Because of uneven flow distribution through the year with only 20% annual flow in the dry season, while fresh water requirement for socio-economic activity in this season is much higher. With this situation, the simulation and finding out the mechanism of saline water intrusion into the estuary in general will help to suggest suitable solutions to control the situation. This paper presents results done at the Huong river estuary. Based on the data collected in current years and using MIKE11 softwave, number scenarios were simulated and found out the intruded process of saline water into the river. They will be very important parameters for which solutions to control negative effects to serve socio-economic development at the downstream of Huong river will be recommended and implemented in the later stage.

Distribution and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells after fluid resuscitation in mice with hemorrhagic shock

Objective： To investigate the distribution and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSCs） in hemorrhagic shock mice, which are resuscitated with normal saline （NS）, hypertonic saline （HTS）, and hydroxyethyl starch （HES）. Methods： BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, NS, HTS, and HES resuscitation groups. Three subgroups （n=8） in each resuscitation group were marked as 2, 24, and 72 h. Flow cytometry was used to detect the MDSCs, monocytic MDSCs （M-MDSCs）, and granulocytic/neutrophilic MDSCs （G-MDSCs） in peripheral blood nucleated cells （PBNCs）, spleen single-cell suspension, and bone marrow nucleated cells （BMNCs）. Results： The MDSCs in BMNCs among three resuscitation groups were lower 2 h after shock, in PBNCs of the HTS group were higher, and in spleen of the NS group were lower （all P〈0.05 vs. control）. The M-MDSC/G-MDSC ratios in PBNCs of the HTS and HES groups were lower （both ,P〈0.05 vs. control）. At 24 h, the MDSCs in PBNCs of the NS and HTS groups were higher, while the spleen MDSCs in the HTS group were higher （all P〈0.05 vs. control）. The M-MDSC/ G-MDSC ratios were all less in PBNCs, spleen, and BMNCs of the NS and HTS groups, and were lower in BMNCs of the HES group （all P〈0.05 vs. control）. At 72 h, the elevated MDSCs in PBNCs were presented in the HTS and HES groups, and in spleen the augment turned up in three resuscitation groups （all P〈0.05 vs. control）. The inclined ratios to M-MDSC were exhibited in spleen of the NS and HTS groups, and in PBNCs of the NS group; the inclination to G-MDSC in BMNCs was shown in the HES group （all P〈0.05 vs. control）. Conclusions： HTS induces the earlier ele- vation of MDSCs in peripheral blood and spleen, and influences its distribution and differentiation, while HES has a less effect on the distribution but a stronger impact on the differentiation of MDSCs, especially in bone marrow.

Stratigraphy and otolith microchemistry of the naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii(Kessler) and their indication for water level of Lake Qinghai during the Ming Dynasty of China

Otoliths are biogenic carbonate minerals in the inner ear of teleost fish, whose compositions can record the physical and chem- ical conditions of the ambient water environment inhabited by individual fish. In this research, the fishbones and otoliths of naked carp sampled near the Bird Island, offshore Lake Qinghai, were dated and analyzed for mineralogy and microchemical compositions. Comparing the microchemical compositions of ancient otoliths with those of modem otoliths, we conclude that the ancient naked carps inhabited a relict lake formed when the lake shrank from a high lake level, by combining with the AMS-lnC ages of fishbones and otoliths, the stratigraphy and surrounding topography of the sample site. AMS-14C dating resuits of ancient fishbones and otoliths show that these naked carps lived from 680 to 300 years ago, i.e. during the Ming Dynasty of China. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns demonstrate that the ancient lapillus is composed of pure aragonite, iden- tical to modem one, indicating that the mineral of lapillus didn＇t change after a long time burial and that the ancient lapillus is suitable for comparative analysis thereafter. Microchemical results show that both ratios of Mg/Ca （（70.12±18.50）× 10-2） and δ18O （（1.76±1.03）‰） of ancient lapilli are significantly higher than those of modem lapilli （average Mg/Ca=（3.1 1±0.41）× 10-5 and δ18O =（-4.82±0.96）‰）. This reflects that the relict water body in which the ancient naked carp lived during the Ming Dynasty was characterized by higher Mg/Ca and δ18O ratios than modem Lake Qinghai, resulting from strong evaporation after being isolated from the main lake, similar to today＇s Lake Gahai. Based upon the stratigraphy and altitude of naked carp re- mains, it can be inferred that the altitude of lake level of Lake Qinghai reached at least 3202 m with a lake area of 4480 km2 during the Ming Dynasty, approximately ~5% larger than it is today.