采用稀盐酸分离法观察犬弓首线虫幼虫在小鼠体内的移行情况

目的观察犬弓首线虫幼虫在小鼠体内的移行情况。方法采用大弓首线虫感染期卵,管喂小鼠,用稀盐酸分离法进行观察。结果感染后第1天,即在鼠肝发现幼虫;感染后第3天,大量幼虫移行至肝;感染后第5天,大量幼虫移行至肺;感染后第7天以后,幼虫主要分布在脑和躯体肌肉。结论犬弓首线虫幼虫在小鼠体内的移行分为两相:内脏移行相和躯体移相。稀盐酸分离法是观察鼠组织中犬弓首线虫幼虫的有效方法。

盐酸分离法分离颅骨的效果分析

我们采用盐酸分离法分离了颅骨32例,其中符合实验要求的28例,失败4例,分别占总例数的87.5%和12.5 %.现将使用这一方法的效果介绍如下.1 材料与方法32例颅骨中,新鲜颅骨3例,出土不含软组织的29例.在出土颅骨中,蝶枕缝未愈合,所有骨缝清晰的28例。

延胡索中盐酸脱氢紫堇碱对照品的制备与鉴定

目的:研究中药延胡索中盐酸脱氢紫堇碱的制备方法。方法:延胡索粗粉用80%乙醇提取,浓缩后经D101大孔树脂柱色谱分离获得总生物碱,再以氧化铝柱色谱和凝胶G-15柱色谱分离,收集含脱氢延胡索碱的组分,经甲醇重结晶制备对照品,并采用波谱方法对其进行结构鉴定。结果:经HPLC分析和面积归一化法计算,盐酸脱氢紫堇碱对照品纯度为98.6%。结论:该制备方法简便可行,可用于盐酸脱氢紫堇碱对照品的制备。

高效液相色谱法测定康胃冲剂盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定康胃冲剂中盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法选用C18柱,以乙腈-水(45∶55;每100ml加入磷酸二氢钾3.4g,十二烷基磺酸钠1.7g)为流动相;流速1.5ml/min,检测波长345nm;柱温40℃。结果线性范围0.01～0.13μg,平均回收率99.18%。结论本方法快速、简便、分离效果好,适于应用。

高纯度剑麻皂素分离技术

剑麻皂素是主要合成甾体激素的重要原料。常规的生产工艺只能使成品含量达到85％。盐酸羟胺分离技术通过除去不溶于水与乙醇的肟化物，可收剑麻皂素中的替可吉宁含量提高到93％。工业生产的剑麻皂素替可吉宁含量也达到93％以上。

Separation of manganese from calcium and magnesium in sulfate solutions via carbonate precipitation

The separation of manganese from sulfate solutions containing 14.59 g/L Mn2+, 1.89 g/L Mg2+ and 1.54 g/L Ca2+ was preformed successfully by carbonate precipitation. The results of thermodynamic analysis and tests indicate that carbonate precipitation holds better selectivity for manganese over magnesium than hydroxide precipitation and the feeding method is the most critical factor for minimizing the co-precipitation of calcium and magnesium. Furthermore, with adding MnSO4 solution to NH4HCO3 solution, the effects of the initial NH4HCO3 concentration, NH4HCO3 amount, solution pH value, reaction temperature and time on carbonate precipitation were evaluated and the optimum precipitation conditions were obtained. Under the optimum conditions, the precipitation rates of Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ are 99.75%, 5.62% and 1.43%, respectively. Moreover, the prepared manganese carbonate was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results demonstrate that the product can be indexed to the rhombohedral structure of MnCO3.

孕鼠感染犬弓首线虫后对仔鼠行为及脑组织的影响

目的:孕鼠妊娠早期感染犬弓首线虫对仔鼠行为及脑组织的影响。方法:取犬弓首线虫子宫段虫卵培养至感染期,不同剂量感染受孕3 d的雌鼠,将仔鼠随机分6组,观察爬行能力、抓握能力等行为学情况,用切片法及稀盐酸幼虫分离法观察犬弓首线虫在仔鼠脑内分布。结果:从新生仔鼠脑内分离出幼虫,脑内幼虫的数量与孕期感染剂量呈正相关;各组仔鼠行为学检测结果差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与脑内分离出的幼虫数量呈负相关;仔鼠脑内有少量胶质细胞增生和脑细胞变性,虫体周围脑组织炎症反应不明显。结论:孕鼠妊娠早期感染犬弓首线虫会导致仔鼠行为学改变,感染剂量与仔鼠后天产生的保护性免疫记忆有相关性,脑内病理改变与直接感染一致。

锌腐酸尿素中缩二脲含量的测定

锌腐酸尿素中含有腐植酸,它的存在严重干扰缩二脲的比色测定,因此国家标准尿素中缩二脲测定采用的铜复盐分光光度法不适用于锌腐酸尿素中缩二脲含量的测定。探讨利用盐酸沉淀分离法分离腐植酸,消除腐植酸颜色对缩二脲测定的干扰,建立快速、准确测定锌腐酸尿素中缩二脲含量的方法。结果表明,盐酸沉淀分离法的相对标准偏差为1.20%,加标回收率为98.8%~100.5%。

Removal of tungsten and vanadium from molybdate solutions using ion exchange resin

The removal of tungsten(W)and vanadium(V)from molybdate solutions was studied using the poly hydroxyl chelating resin D403in batch and column experiments.The batch experiments indicated that tungsten and vanadium could be preferentially adsorbed by the D403resin for4h in molybdate solution at a pH of approximately9.25.Separation factors,αVMo andαWMo,wereabove45and18,respectively,when the molar ratios of Mo/V and Mo/W in the solution exceeded40.Elution tests illustrated that vanadium and tungsten could be easily eluted from the resin with1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution in only1h.To further explore the sorption mechanism of the resin,the experimental equilibrium isotherm data of the three metals fitted well with the Freundlich model.The column experiments confirmed the adaptability of the D403resin in the production of sodium molybdate with a removal rate of tungsten surpassing90%and that of vanadium of99.4%.

Recovery of nickel,cobalt,copper and zinc in sulphate and chloride solutions using synergistic solvent extraction

A number of synergistic solvent extraction （SSX） systems have been developed to recover nickel, cobalt, zinc and copper from sulphuric and chloride leach solutions by the solvent extraction team of CSIRO, Australia. These in- clude （1） Versatic 10/CLXS0 system for the separation of Ni from Ca in sulphate solutions, （2） Versatic 10/4PC system for the separation of Ni and Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions, （3） Cyanex 471X/HRJ-4277 system for the separation of Zn from Cd in sulphate solutions, （4） Versatic 10/LIX63 system for the separation of Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions, （5） Versatic 10/LIX63/TBP system for separation of Ni and Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions, （6） Versatic 10/LIX63 system for the separation of cobalt from nickel in sulphate solutions by difference in kinetics, （7） Cyanex 272/LIX84 system for the separation of Cu/Fe/Zn from Ni/Co in sulphate solutions, （8） Versatic 10/LIX63fFBP system to recover Cu/Ni from strong chloride solutions, and [9） Versatic 10/LIX63 system to separate Cu from Fe in strong chloride solutions. The synergistic effect on metal separation and efficiency is presented and possible industrial applications are demonstrated. The chemical stability of selected SSX systems is also reported.

Modification technology for separation of oily sludge

Based on the analysis of the properties of oily sludge samples,the effect of modification parameters,such as liquid to solid (L/S) ratio,agitation temperature,agitation intensity,agitation time and pH on the modification of oily sludge was investigated with the content of oil remnants in dry sludge as a reference index. Remixing experiments were carried out according to a simplex-lattice design,where Sx4056 was used as the demulsifier,petroleum sulfonate as the surfactant and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as the dispersant. The surface modification reagent formulation was optimized by a regression equation on the modified effect and based on the amounts of surface modification reagents. The results show that the content of the oil remaining in dry oily sludge is 0.28% of 10.15% oily sludge,when the reagent concentration rises to 3.5 g/L under the optimum experimental conditions.

Isolation and Identification of Phosphate-accumulating Strain PAO3-1 and Its Phosphorus Removal Characteristics

A phosphate-accumulating bacteria strain PAO3-1 was isolated from biological phosphorus removal sludge supplied with sodium acetate as carbon source under stable performance. This strain has good enhanced biological phosphorus removal effect on normal activated sludge system. Phosphorus removal ratio was raised form 44% with no added strain to more than 82% with strain strengthening biological phosphorus removal. It is identified to be Alcaligenes sp. according to its morphology, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The cell of strain PAO3-1 is straight bacilli form, 0.4×1.1μm, no flagellum, gram negative and special aerobiotic. The optimal temperature and pH for growth are 32℃-37℃ and 5.5-9.5, respectively. The shape of slant clone is feathery. The phosphate accumulating rate of strain PAO3-1 was 8.1mgP/g cell·h, and 14.3 mgP/g cell·h when in phosphate-starving situation, which was 76.5% higher than that in non-starving situation. Its phosphate release rate of log course in anaerobic phase and in culture without phosphorus was 7.6mgP/g cell·h, while in stable course the rate was 6.1mgP/g cell·h. The rate in stable course was 19.7% lower than that in log course.

Characterization of tricalcium phosphate solubilization by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia YC isolated from phosphate mines

The phosphate solubilizing characteristics of a strain YC, which was isolated from phosphate mines (Hubei, China), were studied in National Botanical Research Institute’s phosphate (NBRIP) growth medium containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as sole phosphorus (P) source. The strain YC is identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) based upon the results of morphologic, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences analysis. The results show that the strain S. maltophilia YC can solubilize TCP and release soluble P in NBRIP growth medium. A positive correlation between concentration of soluble P and population of the isolate and a negative correlation between concentration of soluble P and pH in the culture medium are observed from statistical analysis results. Moreover, gluconic acid is detected in the culture medium by HPLC analysis. It indicates that the isolate can release gluconic acid during the solubilizing experiment, which causes acidification of the culture medium and then TCP solubilization. S. maltophilia YC has a maximal TCP solubilizing capability when using maltose as carbon source and ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source, respectively, in NBRIP growth medium.

Isolation and identification of a sulfate reducing bacteria and sequence analysis of its dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene

A sulfate reducing bacteria was isolated from mining sewage of Daqing Oilfield by Hungate anaerobic technology. Physiological-biochemical analysis showed that the strain could utilize polyacrylamide as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA illustrated that the similarity of F8 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF192153) was 99%, and the similarity sequence of dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene (DSR) cloned from the strain and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF273034) was 98%. Their phylogenitic analysis was basically anastomosed, and thus temporarily named as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans F8. The DSR cloned from F8 strain was 2740 bp in length consisting of three ORF, DSRA, DSRB and DSRD as a single operon (DSRABD) regulated by the same operator. DSRA contained typical conservative box of sulfate—sulfite reducing enzyme (SiteⅠand SiteⅡ), which could bind siroheme and [Fe4S4]. DSRB retained a [Fe4S4] binding site, with an uncomplimentary structure for siroheme binding. There was no conservative box in DSRD. Sequence analysis of DSR will provide a theoretical basis for quantitative detection, metabolic pathway modification through gene engineering, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) suppression.

Relative floatability as a criterion for evaluating the separation performance of phosphate from iron

This work was aimed to study the relative floatability of phosphate flotation by means of kinetic analysis.The relative floatability is important to determine how selectively the phosphate is separated from its impurities. The effects of pulp pH, solid content, reagents dosage(depressant, collector and co-collector) and conditioning time were investigated on the ratio of the modified rate constant of phosphate to the modified rate constant of iron(relative floatability). The results showed that a large dosage of depressant associated with a low value of collector resulted in a better relative floatability. Increasing the co-collector dosage, conditioning time and pH increased the relative floatability up to a certain value and thereafter resulted in diminishing the relative floatability. Meanwhile, the results indicated that increment of solid concentration increased the relative floatability in range investigated. It was also found that that maximum relative floatability(16.05) could be obtained in pulp pH, 9.32, solid percentage, 30,depressant dosage, 440 g/t, collector dosage, 560 g/t, co-collector dosage, 84.63 g/t and conditioning time,9.43 min.

Biofimls Formation in Nanofiltration Membranes

Technological advances in the past 30 years have boosted the use of PSM （membrane separation processes）, important for its efficiency and flexibility of operation. These processes can be used in many types of separation, with some advantages over the usual separation processes. NF （nanofiltration） is a membrane separation technique, which has properties intermediate between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration in terms of separated species, because the average of the pores is in the range of 1/2 to 10 nm, and the separation occurs in function of load and size of the species. Usually removes species in solution with an effective diameter of about 1 nm or larger and multivalent ions to a greater extent than monovalent ions. The objective was to study the formation of biofouling on the surface of commercial nanofiltration membrane （Osmonics/GE） and surface membrane synthesized in our laboratory. The study was conducted in permeation system with filtration cell with tangential displacement of 15 bar for 8 days flow. DBNPA （2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide） was used as a biocide agent, and an anti-fouling, in concentrations of 5 and 300 ppm, respectively, added to the water coming from the Beach Sea Galleon, RJ. The results demonstrated that there was no change in the flow and rejection of sulphate ions, even in the presence of anti-fouling. The count of aerobic, anaerobic and BRS （sulfate reducing bacteria） in seawater before and after using the DBNPA showed efficiency in controlling these groups of microorganisms and biofouling microbial consortium consisting of the existing in seawater.

Application of avidin-phospholipid vesicle complex as the stationary phase for chiral separation in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography

In the present study, we developed a novel open-tubular capillary dectrochromatographic method using avidin-phospholipid vesicle complex as the stationary phase for chiral separation of mexiletine hydrochloride. The avidin immobilized on the phospholipid vesicle consisting of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine （DPPE） and L-u-phosphatidyl-L-serine （PS） （80：20, mg%） was coated in the capillary. The homogeneity and separation performance of the coating were evaluated in terms o f phospholipid vesicle characterization and the resolution of D,L-Tryptophan. As for mexiletine hydrochloride, four vital parameters affecting the separation efficiency of coating capillary, including buffer type, buffer pH, buffer concentration and the applied voltage, were studied in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the enantiomers could be separated well with good resolution. All the satisfactory results indicated that this method using avidin-phospholipid vesicle complex as the stationary phase was suitable and feasible, which had great potential in pharmaceutical separation Of enantiomers.

Antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities of the ethyl acetate fraction separated from the fruit of Livistona chinensis

OBJECTIVE:To examine the antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities of the effective fraction separated from the fruit of Livistona chinensis(FLC)and to explore the possible mechanism.METHODS:The antioxidative activities of the various fractions separated from FLC were analyzed by in vitro DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl,DPPH) radical and superoxide anion free radical(O^(2-)) scavenging assays.The potential hepatoprotective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction separated from FLC(EFLC) were examined in LO_2 cells and mice.LO_2 cells were incubated with EFLC and exposed to H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress.BABL/C mice were orally administered EFLC for consecutive7 d,and fulminant hepatitis was induced by cauda vein injection of Con A on day 7.RESULTS:EFLC showed prominent antioxidative effects in DPPH-and O^(2-) scavenging assays.EFLC pretreatment effectively protected LO_2 cells from H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress by decreasing apoptosis and raising the levels of antioxidant enzymes.Additionally,EFLC protected mice against Con A-induced fulminant hepatitis by markedly reducing the serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase,attenuating histological damage of the mouse liver,and elevating the levels of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase,while decreasing the contents of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β in the mouse liver.Furthermore,EFLC pretreatment downregulated the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) associated X protein,caspase-3,caspase-8,Fas,and Fas L,while upregulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the mouse liver.CONCLUSION:These findings revealed that EFLC effectively protected against in vivo and in vitro liver injury,and the mechanism is closely associated with its antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.