Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction Reaction

The accumulation of excessive nitrate in the atmosphere not only jeopardizes human health but also disrupts the balance of the nitrogen cycle in the ecosystem.Among various nitrate removal technologies,electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(eNO_(3)RR)has been widely studied for its advantages of being eco-friendly,easy to operate,and controllable under environmental conditions with renewable energy as the driving force.Transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have been widely used in electrocatalysis due to their abundant reserves,low costs,easy-to-regulate electronic structure and considerable electrochemical activity.In addition,TMCs have been extensively studied in terms of the kinetics of the nitrate reduction reaction,the moderate adsorption energy of nitrogen-containing species and the active hydrogen supply capacity.Based on this,this review firstly discusses the mechanism as well as analyzes the two main reduction products(N_(2)and NH_(3))of eNO_(3)RR,and reveals the basic guidelines for the design of efficient nitrate catalysts from the perspective of the reaction mechanism.Secondly,this review mainly focuses on the recent advances in the direction of eNO_(3RR)with four types of TMCs,Fe,Co,Ni and Cu,and unveils the interfacial modulation strategies of Fe,Co,Ni and Cu catalysts for the activity,reaction pathway and stability.Finally,reasonable suggestions and opportunities are proposed for the challenges and future development of eNO_(3)RR.This review provides far-reaching implications for exploring cost-effective TMCs to replace high-cost noble metal catalysts(NMCs)for eNO_(3)RR.

液相色谱-质谱法同时筛查并测定中成药中添加的9种抗病毒类化学药物

目的建立液相色谱质谱方法检测中成药中可能添加的9种抗病毒类药物利己韦林、阿昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、齐多夫定、奈韦拉平、拉米夫定、甲磺酸沙奎那韦、盐酸金刚炕胶和盐酸吗琳胁。方法采用液相色谱-质谱方法，SCX-CR1：4混合填料 色谱柱，流动相A为0.1%（V/V）甲酸溶液（用氨水调pH值至3.5） ，流动相B为乙赌，梯度程序洗脱：0-12min，A相为90%→48〈）奋; 12 - 15日lin，A相为48%→20% ;15 -19 min，A相为20〈）毛→15% ;19 - 20 min，A相90% ;流速为O.2 mL · min - 1 ; 进样量为5μL，应用正离子检测，扫描方式定性检测采用子离子扫描（Productmode） ，定量检测采用选择反应监测（SRM）0结 果9种待iYJIJ药物在0.01 -100μg·mL-1内线性良好，高、中、低3个浓度的加样回收率为80.6% -117.7% ，进样精密度RSD为1.1 % - 8.1 %，检出限为0.002-0.01μg· mL ^-1;推测了各化合物的质谱裂解途径。结论 方法专属性好、灵敏度高，可同时检测中成药中9种抗病毒类药物，适合复杂基质中抗病毒药物的确认和测定。