乾隆九年福建捐监案研究

本文对乾隆九年福建捐监案的来龙去脉作了系统的叙述,并透过这一典型案件,提供出福建省官吏集团中,收受捐监陋规的官吏在官吏总数中分别占多大比例、每个官吏分别平均收受多少捐监陋规的完整准确的样本。

第四讲 安全法学原理（续）

负责监督实施安全卫生法的最高权力机关，英国是就业大臣领导的安全卫生委员会，美国是劳工部，日本是劳动省，前苏联是前苏联部长会议，具体负责监督的检查领导机构，英国是安全卫生执行局，美国是职业安全卫生管理局，日本是劳动基准监督署，前苏联是前苏联部长会议工业生产安全和矿山监察国家委员会（简称安监会）及国家卫生监察机构和其他国家监察机构，这些机构的职责，权力范围等都在法规上作了规定。有的国家，如英国除安全卫生执行局外，全国还设有10个（工厂，农业，矿山和采石场，爆炸物，核设施，铁路，海运，民诱，管道，石油工程）国家监察组织，分归安全卫生执行局及有关部门领导，美国职业安全卫生管理局在全国23个州设州级局，并设有10个地区性办事处和30个区办事处，日本在全国，道，府，县劳动基准局下设监督署，前苏联在国家安监会之下，在各加盟共和国，州，区设相应的管理机构。

清代集体贪腐第一大案“捐监冒赈案”检视

官吏贪腐问题一直是困扰古今中外各种政治体制的一大难题。本文选取清代乾隆时期发生在甘肃的"捐监冒赈案"进行检视,结合相关史料,力图归纳案情特点,展现查处力度,分析相关法律规定及其适用情况,揭示体制弊端,也给国家当下的反腐肃贪工作以启示与镜鉴。

早岁登朝仕途顺 雨余书屋紫藤香——述论清乾隆朝名臣于敏中

于敏中是清乾隆朝相当有影响力的名臣。出身名门,早岁登朝,因其办事纤悉周详,为人稳重谨慎,入仕途不久便成为军机处重臣,参与朝中重要决策的拟定;他精通满汉文字,且文才过人,先后任《四库全书》正总裁,文华殿大学士,国史馆、三通馆总裁等要职,并参与编纂多部官修巨制;凭其超群的记忆力,负责将乾隆帝所吟诗作编辑成集。在军机处为官的近20年中,"懋著勤劳,巨细无遗",深得上眷。但卒后被追遣的"甘肃监粮"一事,使其辉煌的一生画下了不完满的句号。

A simulation study of sampling time point designing for therapeutic drug monitoring based on a population pharmacokinetic model

Aim To develop a method to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters with the limited sampling time points provided clinically during therapeutic drug monitoring. Methods Various simulations were attempted using a one-compartment open model with the first order absorption to determine PK parameter estimates with different sampling strategies as a validation of the method. The estimated parameters were further verified by comparing to the observed values. Results The samples collected at the single time point close to the non-informative sampling time point designed by this method led to bias and inaccurate parameter estimations. Furthermore, the relationship between the estimated non-informative sampling time points and the values of the parameter was examined. The non-informative sampling time points have been developed under some typical occasions and the results were plotted to show the tendency. As a result, one non-informative time point was demonstrated to be appropriate for clearance and two for both volume of distribution and constant of absorption in the present study. It was found that the estimates of the non-informative sampling time points developed in the method increase with increases of volume of distribution and the decrease of clearance and constant of absorption. Conclusion A rational sampling strategy during therapeutic drug monitoring can be established using the method present in the study.

Monitoring actual performance of ground source heat pump system using GPRS-based data transmission: A case analysis in Tangshan

The energy efficiency monitoring is an essential precondition for ground source heat pump system's controlling and energy saving operation. Based on the data monitoring applied in the school building, this work is focused on the parameters acquisition and operation analysis of the GSHP system in Tangshan. Results show the average COPs(coefficient of performance) are2.85 and 2.70 in summer and winter, respectively, and heat(cold) unbalance underground existed after whole year operation. The analysis of data also indicates that the direct borehole air-conditioning saved some power consumption obviously in the early stage of summer and energy saving of the GSHP system depended remarkably on its operation and management level. Besides the observation points of ground temperature are laid for a large-scale GSHP system, and the hydraulic balance of the pipes group needs to be concerned specially in safeguarding better reliability.

Use of SAR interferometry for monitoring illegal mining activities: A case study at Xishimen Iron Ore Mine

The development and application of the ''digital mine'' concept in China depends heavily upon the use of remote sensing data as well as domestic expertise and awareness. Illegal mining of mineral resources has been a serious long term problem frustrating the Xishimen Iron Ore Mine management. This mine is located in Wu'an county in Hebei province, China. Illegal activities have led to enormous economic losses by interfering with the normal operation of the Xishimen mine and have ruined the surrounding environ- ment and the stability of the Mahe riverbed the crosses the mined area. This paper is based on field recon- naissance taken over many years around the mine area. The ground survey data are integrated with Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (D-InSAR) results from ALOS/PALSAR data to pin- point mining locations. By investigating the relationship between the resulting interferometric deforma- tion pattern and the mining schedule, which is known a priori, areas affected by illegal mining activities are identified. To some extent these areas indicate the location of the illegal site. The results clearly dem- onstrate D-InSAR's ability to cost-effectively monitor illegal mining activities.

Identification of habitat requirements of farmland birds based on a hierarchical structured monitoring scheme

Agricultural landscapes are essential for the conservation of biodiversity. Nevertheless, a negative trend continues to be observed in many rural areas for the most prominent indicator species group, the farmland birds. However, clear cause-effect relationships are rarely reported and sometimes difficult to deduce, especially from monitoring data which are based only on the detection of species and counts of the numbers of individuals. Because the identification of habitat preferences is a precondition for farmland bird biodiversity conservation efforts, a monitoring scheme for the simultaneous collection and analysis of bird and land use data was developed and tested. In order to assign the occurrence of bird species to land characteristics at various spatial scales and different land use and crop types, we applied a hierarchical structured sampling design. The spatial scales were ‘agricultural landscape', ‘agricultural landscape types', ‘field crops and other habitats' and ‘vegetation structures'. These scales were integrated with a novel concept, the ‘habitat matrix'(HM). This method was applied to farmland breeding bird abundances on 29 plots, each 1 km2 in size, by the use of the territory mapping method. The same plots were enlarged by a 100 m buffer and the sizes and location of habitats documented. Vegetation height, coverage and density were also recorded for all crop fields in the study area. We propose that this monitoring method facilitates the identification of scale dependent relationships between farmland bird habitat characteristics and bird abundance. This is demonstrated by the farmland bird species Corn Bunting(Emberiza calandra), Skylark(Alauda arvensis), and Whinchat(Saxicola rubetra). The breeding territories of these species reveal large differences within the various spatial scales ‘agricultural landscape', ‘agricultural landscape types' and ‘field crops'. Throughout the breeding season the abundances varied, dependent on the field crop and the development of vegetation structures(height, coverage, and density). HM-analysis led to the identification of specific habitat configurations preferred by individual bird species within the agricultural landscape. These findings indicate that the methodology has the potential to design monitoring schemes for the identification of cause-and-effects of landscape configuration, land use and land use changes on the habitat suitability and abundance of farmland birds.

Hybrid assessment of pre-blasting weakening to horizontal section top coal caving (HSTCC) in steep and thick seams

Horizontal section top-coal(HSTCC)caving offers a powerful method to efficiently excavate rude coal in steep and thick seams,and pre-blasting weakening has a profound effect on pursuing great production,high efficiency and good benefit under particular conditions like a small-scale working face with large-scale sectional caving height.+564-level HSTCC working face in B3–6coal seams of Jiangou Colliery in Urumqi was taken as study case for in situ industrial experiment.Total thickness of seams in the study case is about 50.0 m and average angel here is over 83°.In the industrial experiments,at first we adopted continuous charge machine and emulsion matrix explosive to substitute for traditional blasting schemes for specific geological settings in the study case.Hybrid analyses and assessments with blasting crack propagation analysis,abutment pressure monitoring prediction and economical benefit assessment were attributed to be able to attest pre-blasting weakening effects practically.Meanwhile crack propagation analysis after pre-blasting weakening showed that in all triple monitoring bore holes rock masses of top-coal would be fallen into three stages from the bottom up:fracture zone,plastic zone and elastic zone generally,and fracture toughness respectively in correspondent zones was calculated by the analytical formula:0.5616–0.8806,0.6403–0.9541 and0.7535–1.1900 MPa m1/2after pre-blasting weakening.Pressure monitoring prediction and economical benefit assessment also indicated that it was necessary to introduce the pre-blasting weakening with predominant blasting scheme from both views.For excavation in extremely steep and thick coal seams,relevant results would be a useful tool to study the mechanism of pre-blasting weakening both qualitatively and quantitatively.

乾隆年间甘肃捐监冒赈案

乾隆四十六年（1782年）三月，甘肃循化厅伊斯兰教内部老教（华寺门宦）和新教（哲赫忍耶门宦）的矛盾深化，陕甘总督勒尔谨派兰州知府杨士玑领兵前去弹压，激起哲赫忍邪门宦民众的义愤，他们在阿訇苏四十三的率领下杀死了杨士玑等官兵。官府将哲赫忍耶创始人马明心捕至兰州，另一首领周阿訇捕入河州。苏四十三率领起义的穆斯林，攻下河州，救出周阿訇，直逼兰州营救马明心，布政使王廷赞杀死马明心，义军攻城愈急。乾隆帝一气之下，撤了勒尔谨陕甘总督之职。任命和坤前去督战失利，又命阿桂率四千兵征讨。

Research on internet traffic classification techniques using supervised machine learning

Interact traffic classification is vital to the areas of network operation and management. Traditional classification methods such as port mapping and payload analysis are becoming increasingly difficult as newly emerged applications （e. g. Peer-to-Peer） using dynamic port numbers, masquerading techniques and encryption to avoid detection. This paper presents a machine learning （ML） based traffic classifica- tion scheme, which offers solutions to a variety of network activities and provides a platform of performance evaluation for the classifiers. The impact of dataset size, feature selection, number of application types and ML algorithm selection on classification performance is analyzed and demonstrated by the following experiments： （1） The genetic algorithm based feature selection can dramatically reduce the cost without diminishing classification accuracy. （2） The chosen ML algorithms can achieve high classification accuracy. Particularly, REPTree and C4.5 outperform the other ML algorithms when computational complexity and accuracy are both taken into account. （3） Larger dataset and fewer application types would result in better classification accuracy. Finally, early detection with only several initial packets is proposed for real-time network activity and it is proved to be feasible according to the preliminary results.

In-situ Urbanization Promoted by the Development of ＂Taobao Village＂

Starting from the important role of ＂Taobao village＂ in the economic development, the thesis analysed the subjective and objective reasons and promoting group and draw the general process of urbanization. It discussed the different characteristics of ＂Taobao village＂ in different economic areas and roles played in urbanizing. It also propounded some constructive suggestion to activate the industry, including strengthening industry supervision, adjusting development patterns, and emphasizing innovation. The paper consists of literature analysis, case analysis and comparative analysis to complement the demonstration.

Esophageal malignancy:A growing concern

Esophageal cancer is mainly found in Asia and east Africa and is one of the deadliest cancers in the world.However,it has not garnered much attention in the Western world due to its low incidence rate.An increasing amount of data indicate that esophageal cancer,particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma,has been rising by 6-fold annually and is now becoming the fastest growing cancer in the United States.This rise has been associated with the increase of the obese population,as abdominal fat puts extra pressure on the stomach and causes gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Long standing GERD can induce esophagitis and metaplasia and,ultimately,leads to adenocarcinoma.Acid suppression has been the main strategy to treat GERD;however,it has not been proven to control esophageal malignancy effectively.In fact,its side effects have triggered multiple warnings from regulatory agencies.The high mortality and fast growth of esophageal cancer demand more vigorous efforts to look into its deeper mechanisms and come up with better therapeutic options.

An Overview of IT Infrastructure Management in Small Medium Enterprise： A Case Study

Nowadays, information technology （IT） has become a part of the working culture and environment in many organizations. Originally, it is not a supportive tool to make any business successful, but it have become the backbone of successful business recently. Any non-IT organization could become dead and non-productive. When time comes, maybe it will fail in the business market. However, the usage of IT instruments must be carried out in good and conducive environment especially for business market. In this study, a basic and practical management about how to manage IT asset in small organizations will be discussed. Then this kind of management will be further discussed when the company become small medium organization. The implementation of IT infrastructure, the requirements, infrastructures, services, and platform from software to hardware and networking devices needs to be known. However, this study focuses on networking infrastructure such as networking equipments, servers, network monitoring software, costing, and management best practices.

Platform Construction of Regional Energy Management Center

Based on the analysis of different requirements of energy management center construction and the data acquisition of various industries in wide area network, as well as the practices of real-lime online system, the paper puts forward the construction scheme of regional energy management center （REMC） which can achieve real time online monitoring of organizations＇ energy consumption via data collection, and also proposes the design idea of energy data acquisition based on national standards.