建筑物四维变形监测数据模型设计

以通用性为目的,以建筑物沉降观测方法为基础,通过对扰动量和变形量进行维度扩展,建立了一个建筑物四维变形数据模型框架。

一种面向水下传感器网络的监测系统设计方法

当前水下监测系统缺乏统一的开发规范,软件可复用性低,难以快速、高效地进行系统设计与实现;提出了基于水下传感器网络的监测系统设计方法,将系统结构分为观测平台、本地观测服务器、数据服务器,从数据获取、数据管理、数据展示方面给出了软件的总体开发流程,并提出了统一的软件数据模型和软件开发模型;在数据模型中,对监测元数据以及监测数据进行规范化描述;在软件开发模型中,构建了可扩展的功能组件库,通过对组件进行配置,可快速生成满足用户需求的监测系统;通过在不同的应用开发中进行验证,证明该方法能够在保证系统质量的前提下,显著提高开发效率。

Risk-based water quality decision-making under small data using Bayesian network

A knowledge-based network for Section Yidong Bridge,Dongyang River,one tributary of Qiantang River,Zhejiang Province,China,is established in order to model water quality in areas under small data.Then,based on normal transformation of variables with routine monitoring data and normal assumption of variables without routine monitoring data,a conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian network is constructed.A "two-constraint selection" procedure is proposed to estimate potential parameter values under small data.Among all potential parameter values,the ones that are most probable are selected as the "representatives".Finally,the risks of pollutant concentration exceeding national water quality standards are calculated and pollution reduction decisions for decision-making reference are proposed.The final results show that conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian network and "two-constraint selection" procedure are very useful in evaluating risks when there is limited data and can help managers to make sound decisions under small data.

Gas drainage efficiency improvement by increasing coalbed permeability using waterjet cutting system

This paper presented a method to create artificial fractures along the existing gas drainage borehole and increase the permeability of the coalbed using a high pressure waterjet cutting system.The field work conducted in Rujigou Colliery, Shenhua Ningxia Coal Group demonstrate that the coalbed permeability is increased, and accordingly, gas drainage efficiency is improved up to 3 to 6 times over the traditional methods using high pressure waterjet technique.Also, based on the monitoring data, the conceptual model for gas drainage process associated with different mining activities has been proposed, and few major advantages using waterjet assistance method have been identified.

Deformation Patterns and Shortening Rates in the East Part of the Kalpin Thrust System in the Southwest Tianshan Mountains During the Late Quaternary

Deformation patterns, shortening amounts and rates in the late Quaternary across the Kalpin thrust system have received tittle attention in the past. This paper attempts to discuss them, mainly in the eastern part of the thrust system by doing field investigation along the faults and folds, measuring geomorphic deformation, excavating trenches in several important sites where young alluvial fans were obviously displaced and dating young deposits of alluvial terraces. There are two types of deformation in the surface and near surface for the Kalpin thrust system in the late Quaternary. They are movement of thrust faults on lower angles and bending of young folds. Both kinds of deformation are shown by shortening and uplifting of young geomorphic surfaces. The surface ages of 3 stages are calculated by dating 20 examples using the TL method in the study area and comparing the results of our predecessors on the deposition and incision times of alluvial terraces in the Tianshan mountain which are 100ka B. P., 33 - 18ka B.P. and 6.6 - 8.2ka B.P. respectively for the large-scale deformed alluvial surfaces： T3, T2 and T1 in the Kalpin region. Then, 19 sets of shortening amounts and rates are obtained in 13 sites along 4 rows of anticlines in front of the Kalpin thrust system and Piqiang fold. The shortening amounts and rates show that there are two sections where deformation is stronger than others. The two sections consist of two arcs that are towards the south. The shortening rates near the top of arcs are 1.32mm/a in the west and 1.39mm/a in the east across the thrust system, respectively. In addition, deformation is stronger in the front rows than the rear ones for bifurcate folds.

Evaluation of Data Replacement Strategies for CASTNET Dry Deposition Modeling

The U.S. EPA （Environmental Protection Agency） established the CASTNET （Clean Air Status and Trends Network） and its predecessor, the NDDN （national dry deposition network）, as national air quality and meteorological monitoring networks. Both CASTNET and NDDN were designed to measure concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen gases and particles. Both networks also estimate dry deposition using an inferential model. The design was based on the concept that atmospheric dry deposition flux could be estimated as the product of a measured air pollutant concentration and a modeled deposition velocity （Vd）. The MLM （multi-layer model）, the computer model used to simulate dry deposition, requires information on meteorological conditions and vegetative cover as model input. The MLM calculates hourly Fa for each pollutant, but any missing meteorological data for an hour renders Vd missing for that hour. Because of percent completeness requirements for aggregating data for long-term estimates, annual deposition rates for some sites are not always available primarily because of missing or invalid meteorological input data. In this work, three methods for replacing missing on-site measurements are investigated. These include （1） using historical values of deposition velocity or （2） historical meteorological measurements from the site being modeled or （3） current meteorological data from nearby sites to substitute for missing inputs and thereby improve data completeness for the network＇s dry deposition estimates. Results for a CASTNET site used to test the methods show promise for using historical measurements of weekly average meteorological parameters.