The research established land degradation monitoring and assessment in- dex system of farmland ecosystem under influence of human activities, including farming system, measures, mulch residuals, fertilizer pollutions,...The research established land degradation monitoring and assessment in- dex system of farmland ecosystem under influence of human activities, including farming system, measures, mulch residuals, fertilizer pollutions, pesticide pollution, irrigation method, salt content of soils, engineering measures of discharging alkali, agricultural protection forests and poverty. The indices of the system are accessible, and convenient for operation, which is suitable for land managers self-monitoring, re- ducing irrational farming activities, improving farmland productivity and preventing farmland degradation.展开更多
In China with such a large population and few land, the problem of arable land is particularly prominent. While the amount of arable land per capita is small, the quality of arable land is declining. Compared with the...In China with such a large population and few land, the problem of arable land is particularly prominent. While the amount of arable land per capita is small, the quality of arable land is declining. Compared with the decreasing arable land, the decline in the quality of arable land is invisible and hard to be detected. But the impact is no less than the amount of arable land reduced, and ~;hanges in the quality of arable land pose a serious threat to ecological environment and socio- economic development. Against the background of high-intensity development and the amount of arable land decreasing, the research of monitoring of arable land quality is of great realistic significance.展开更多
Some recent studies presented two existing types of ENSO events, one is the Eastern-Pacific(EP) type and the other the Central-Pacific(CP) type. This study examined the monitoring ability of several current operationa...Some recent studies presented two existing types of ENSO events, one is the Eastern-Pacific(EP) type and the other the Central-Pacific(CP) type. This study examined the monitoring ability of several current operational ENSO indices. The results indicated that a single index could not distinguish the EP and CP in the historical ENSO events during 1950-2009. The Nio 3 index may only be suitable for monitoring the EP-type ENSO, while the Nio 4 index works only for the CP-type ENSO. In order to capture the occurrence of ENSO events and distinguish the type, we considered a new monitoring index group using Nio 3 and Nio 4 indices. Further analysis confirmed that this index group can monitor different types of historical ENSO events with different spatial distribution of sea surface temperature. It has a good performance in determining the characteristics of the ENSO events, including peak intensity, onset,decay, and mature phase.展开更多
Forecast is very important for preventing and controlling the disaster of spontaneous combustion （sponcom）. Gaseous products of coal, such as carbon monoxide, ethylene, propane and hydrogen, are commonly used as ind...Forecast is very important for preventing and controlling the disaster of spontaneous combustion （sponcom）. Gaseous products of coal, such as carbon monoxide, ethylene, propane and hydrogen, are commonly used as indicators to reflect its status quo of sponcom in coal mines. Nevertheless, since the corresponding relationship between the temperature and the indicators is non-linear and can＇t be depicted with simple mathematical formula, it is very difficult to diagnose and forecast coal sponcom by monitoring indicator gases＇ distribution. A forward feeding 3-layer artificial neural network （ANN） model is employed to express the corresponding relation between temperature and index gases of coal sponcom more accurately. A large amount of data from programmed temperature oxidation experiments were employed to train the network to gain the connection strength between nerve cells and to accomplish the model. It proved in real coal productions that the ANN model can forecast coal sponcom accurately.展开更多
A new real-time algorithm is proposed in this paperfor detecting moving object in color image sequencestaken from stationary cameras.This algorithm combines a temporal difference with an adaptive background subtractio...A new real-time algorithm is proposed in this paperfor detecting moving object in color image sequencestaken from stationary cameras.This algorithm combines a temporal difference with an adaptive background subtraction where the combination is novel.Ⅷ1en changes OCCUr.the background is automatically adapted to suit the new conditions.Forthe background model,a new model is proposed with each frame decomposed into regions and the model is based not only upon single pixel but also on the characteristic of a region.The hybrid presentationincludes a model for single pixel information and a model for the pixel’s neighboring area information.This new model of background can both improve the accuracy of segmentation due to that spatialinformation is taken into account and salientl5r speed up the processing procedure because porlion of neighboring pixel call be selected into modeling.The algorithm was successfully used in a video surveillance systern and the experiment result showsit call obtain a clearer foreground than the singleframe difference or background subtraction method.展开更多
Nigeria ranks among the countries with the highest fiscal indiscipline in the globe regardless of the parameters used. The country has also a weak tax collection system which results in tax evasion, and there is insig...Nigeria ranks among the countries with the highest fiscal indiscipline in the globe regardless of the parameters used. The country has also a weak tax collection system which results in tax evasion, and there is insignificant revenue, thus making the state and the municipalities dependent on federal allocations. The current study objectifies to propose the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Act （FRA） for the Nigerian Public Administration based on the frameworks implemented in Brazil. As a glance, the basic arithmetic that guides the Act is spending must equal revenue. The study is anchored on the premise that the FRA brings innumerable benefits to the populace by stabilizing public spending and paving way for a consistent budgetary forecast and its compliance thereby contributing to uphold transparency. Methodologically wise, the study adopts a case study approach and also used the interpretative style in order to strive on the action needed, which tends to be interventionist. Upon analysis of the secondary documents at our disposal, we conclude that control tools such as the SIAFEM system which is the backbone of FRA will be an essential artifact to institutionalize surveillance and also assist the Nigerian government in curtailing spending and also orientate accountability at all levels be it federal, state or municipal.展开更多
In order to optimize monitoring points and monitoring factor, the relationshipbetween pollutants and soil sample were established by correspondence analysis.Thestudy results show that the reflecting monitoring points ...In order to optimize monitoring points and monitoring factor, the relationshipbetween pollutants and soil sample were established by correspondence analysis.Thestudy results show that the reflecting monitoring points and monitoring factors in thegraphic on the same factor axis can clearly express the intrinsic link between pollutantsand monitoring points and distribution characteristics.To determine the main monitoringpoint and the main monitoring indicators can reduce and optimize the number of monitoringpoints under the premise of ensuring the typical and representative of monitoring data.Using the correlation of pollutants can reduce the number of monitoring indicators and improvethe effectiveness of data collection.展开更多
In order to monitor the deformations of modern constructions a local 3D network was usually being established at the surrounding area. The centering error, of both the instrument and targets, causes significant uncert...In order to monitor the deformations of modern constructions a local 3D network was usually being established at the surrounding area. The centering error, of both the instrument and targets, causes significant uncertainties in the determination of the x, y, z coordinates of the network＇s points. In order to assure precise centering for both the instrument and targets, not only for the accessible but also for the inaccessible network＇s points, a prototype way of marking is being implied. A special semi-permanent portable metallic stand （Photo 1） was manufactured for marking the accessible points. The stand provides forced instrument centering of the order of_＋0, lmm. It is light enough to carry, it accelerates and facilitates the centering and leveling of the instrument as well as it eliminates the time needed for the measurements. The applied laboratory checks in order to certify the suitability of its use and the provided accuracy are being described. For the inaccessible points special targets were used. The targets were put in permanent attachments （Photos 7-8）, which were also manufactured. Useful conclusions were drawn when these special accessories were used in to a 3D network, which was established for the monitoring of a new football stadium. Two measurement phases were carried out. The first one is with the stadium empty and the second one is when it was crowded （about 32000 people） during a significant football match.展开更多
This study introduced the effects of high-temperature damage on rice and reviewed the damage mechanism, heat damage index and risk assessment, forewarning and monitoring. On the basis of extensive studies, this paper ...This study introduced the effects of high-temperature damage on rice and reviewed the damage mechanism, heat damage index and risk assessment, forewarning and monitoring. On the basis of extensive studies, this paper put forward the viewpoints of ascertaining the fundamental mechanism of high temperature damage to rice at the molecular level, establishing a comprehensive heat damage index taking variety, growth stage and other meteorological factors into consideration, selecting appropriate sowing time, choosing heat-resistant varieties and improving the prevention system. All of these are aimed at providing a solid foundation for coping avoiding the harms from heat damage and improving the coping method.展开更多
Structure damage identification and alarming of long-span bridge were conducted with three-dimensional dynamic displacement data collected by GPS subsystem of health monitoring system on Runyang Suspension Bridge.Firs...Structure damage identification and alarming of long-span bridge were conducted with three-dimensional dynamic displacement data collected by GPS subsystem of health monitoring system on Runyang Suspension Bridge.First,the effects of temperature on the main girder spatial position coordinates were analyzed from the transverse,longitudinal and vertical directions of bridge,and the correlation regression models were built between temperature and the position coordinates of main girder in the longitudinal and vertical directions;then the alarming indices of coordinate residuals were conducted,and the mean-value control chart was applied to making statistical pattern identification for abnormal changes of girder dynamic coordinates;and finally,the structural damage alarming method of main girder was established.Analysis results show that temperature has remarkable correlation with position coordinates in the longitudinal and vertical directions of bridge,and has weak correlation with the transverse coordinates.The 3%abnormal change of the longitudinal coordinates and 5%abnormal change of the vertical ones caused by structural damage are respectively identified by the mean-value control chart method based on GPS dynamic monitoring data and hence the structural abnormalities state identification and damage alarming for main girder of long-span suspension bridge can be realized in multiple directions.展开更多
基金Supported Land Degradation Management and Policy Support Program,Control Partnership of Land Degradation of Drought Ecosystem of China-Global Environment Foundation~~
文摘The research established land degradation monitoring and assessment in- dex system of farmland ecosystem under influence of human activities, including farming system, measures, mulch residuals, fertilizer pollutions, pesticide pollution, irrigation method, salt content of soils, engineering measures of discharging alkali, agricultural protection forests and poverty. The indices of the system are accessible, and convenient for operation, which is suitable for land managers self-monitoring, re- ducing irrational farming activities, improving farmland productivity and preventing farmland degradation.
文摘In China with such a large population and few land, the problem of arable land is particularly prominent. While the amount of arable land per capita is small, the quality of arable land is declining. Compared with the decreasing arable land, the decline in the quality of arable land is invisible and hard to be detected. But the impact is no less than the amount of arable land reduced, and ~;hanges in the quality of arable land pose a serious threat to ecological environment and socio- economic development. Against the background of high-intensity development and the amount of arable land decreasing, the research of monitoring of arable land quality is of great realistic significance.
基金The Definition of El Nio/La Nia Episodes,a National Standard ProjectSpecialized Project for Public Welfare Industries(GYHY201406018,GYHY200806009)+2 种基金Program 973(2012CB955901)National Science and Technology Support Program(2009BAC51B05)National Youth Foundation for Natural Science(41005038)
文摘Some recent studies presented two existing types of ENSO events, one is the Eastern-Pacific(EP) type and the other the Central-Pacific(CP) type. This study examined the monitoring ability of several current operational ENSO indices. The results indicated that a single index could not distinguish the EP and CP in the historical ENSO events during 1950-2009. The Nio 3 index may only be suitable for monitoring the EP-type ENSO, while the Nio 4 index works only for the CP-type ENSO. In order to capture the occurrence of ENSO events and distinguish the type, we considered a new monitoring index group using Nio 3 and Nio 4 indices. Further analysis confirmed that this index group can monitor different types of historical ENSO events with different spatial distribution of sea surface temperature. It has a good performance in determining the characteristics of the ENSO events, including peak intensity, onset,decay, and mature phase.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （10972178）
文摘Forecast is very important for preventing and controlling the disaster of spontaneous combustion （sponcom）. Gaseous products of coal, such as carbon monoxide, ethylene, propane and hydrogen, are commonly used as indicators to reflect its status quo of sponcom in coal mines. Nevertheless, since the corresponding relationship between the temperature and the indicators is non-linear and can＇t be depicted with simple mathematical formula, it is very difficult to diagnose and forecast coal sponcom by monitoring indicator gases＇ distribution. A forward feeding 3-layer artificial neural network （ANN） model is employed to express the corresponding relation between temperature and index gases of coal sponcom more accurately. A large amount of data from programmed temperature oxidation experiments were employed to train the network to gain the connection strength between nerve cells and to accomplish the model. It proved in real coal productions that the ANN model can forecast coal sponcom accurately.
基金National Natural Science Foundation Grant No.60072029
文摘A new real-time algorithm is proposed in this paperfor detecting moving object in color image sequencestaken from stationary cameras.This algorithm combines a temporal difference with an adaptive background subtraction where the combination is novel.Ⅷ1en changes OCCUr.the background is automatically adapted to suit the new conditions.Forthe background model,a new model is proposed with each frame decomposed into regions and the model is based not only upon single pixel but also on the characteristic of a region.The hybrid presentationincludes a model for single pixel information and a model for the pixel’s neighboring area information.This new model of background can both improve the accuracy of segmentation due to that spatialinformation is taken into account and salientl5r speed up the processing procedure because porlion of neighboring pixel call be selected into modeling.The algorithm was successfully used in a video surveillance systern and the experiment result showsit call obtain a clearer foreground than the singleframe difference or background subtraction method.
文摘Nigeria ranks among the countries with the highest fiscal indiscipline in the globe regardless of the parameters used. The country has also a weak tax collection system which results in tax evasion, and there is insignificant revenue, thus making the state and the municipalities dependent on federal allocations. The current study objectifies to propose the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Act （FRA） for the Nigerian Public Administration based on the frameworks implemented in Brazil. As a glance, the basic arithmetic that guides the Act is spending must equal revenue. The study is anchored on the premise that the FRA brings innumerable benefits to the populace by stabilizing public spending and paving way for a consistent budgetary forecast and its compliance thereby contributing to uphold transparency. Methodologically wise, the study adopts a case study approach and also used the interpretative style in order to strive on the action needed, which tends to be interventionist. Upon analysis of the secondary documents at our disposal, we conclude that control tools such as the SIAFEM system which is the backbone of FRA will be an essential artifact to institutionalize surveillance and also assist the Nigerian government in curtailing spending and also orientate accountability at all levels be it federal, state or municipal.
基金Supported by the Public Welfare Research Program of State Environmental Protection Administration(200909065)
文摘In order to optimize monitoring points and monitoring factor, the relationshipbetween pollutants and soil sample were established by correspondence analysis.Thestudy results show that the reflecting monitoring points and monitoring factors in thegraphic on the same factor axis can clearly express the intrinsic link between pollutantsand monitoring points and distribution characteristics.To determine the main monitoringpoint and the main monitoring indicators can reduce and optimize the number of monitoringpoints under the premise of ensuring the typical and representative of monitoring data.Using the correlation of pollutants can reduce the number of monitoring indicators and improvethe effectiveness of data collection.
文摘In order to monitor the deformations of modern constructions a local 3D network was usually being established at the surrounding area. The centering error, of both the instrument and targets, causes significant uncertainties in the determination of the x, y, z coordinates of the network＇s points. In order to assure precise centering for both the instrument and targets, not only for the accessible but also for the inaccessible network＇s points, a prototype way of marking is being implied. A special semi-permanent portable metallic stand （Photo 1） was manufactured for marking the accessible points. The stand provides forced instrument centering of the order of_＋0, lmm. It is light enough to carry, it accelerates and facilitates the centering and leveling of the instrument as well as it eliminates the time needed for the measurements. The applied laboratory checks in order to certify the suitability of its use and the provided accuracy are being described. For the inaccessible points special targets were used. The targets were put in permanent attachments （Photos 7-8）, which were also manufactured. Useful conclusions were drawn when these special accessories were used in to a 3D network, which was established for the monitoring of a new football stadium. Two measurement phases were carried out. The first one is with the stadium empty and the second one is when it was crowded （about 32000 people） during a significant football match.
基金Supported by Special Fund of Scientific Research(Meteorology)in Public Interest(GYHY201506018)~~
文摘This study introduced the effects of high-temperature damage on rice and reviewed the damage mechanism, heat damage index and risk assessment, forewarning and monitoring. On the basis of extensive studies, this paper put forward the viewpoints of ascertaining the fundamental mechanism of high temperature damage to rice at the molecular level, establishing a comprehensive heat damage index taking variety, growth stage and other meteorological factors into consideration, selecting appropriate sowing time, choosing heat-resistant varieties and improving the prevention system. All of these are aimed at providing a solid foundation for coping avoiding the harms from heat damage and improving the coping method.
基金Project(51078080)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20130969010)supported by Aeronautical Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2011Y03-6)supported by Traffic Transportation Technology Project of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(BK2012562)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘Structure damage identification and alarming of long-span bridge were conducted with three-dimensional dynamic displacement data collected by GPS subsystem of health monitoring system on Runyang Suspension Bridge.First,the effects of temperature on the main girder spatial position coordinates were analyzed from the transverse,longitudinal and vertical directions of bridge,and the correlation regression models were built between temperature and the position coordinates of main girder in the longitudinal and vertical directions;then the alarming indices of coordinate residuals were conducted,and the mean-value control chart was applied to making statistical pattern identification for abnormal changes of girder dynamic coordinates;and finally,the structural damage alarming method of main girder was established.Analysis results show that temperature has remarkable correlation with position coordinates in the longitudinal and vertical directions of bridge,and has weak correlation with the transverse coordinates.The 3%abnormal change of the longitudinal coordinates and 5%abnormal change of the vertical ones caused by structural damage are respectively identified by the mean-value control chart method based on GPS dynamic monitoring data and hence the structural abnormalities state identification and damage alarming for main girder of long-span suspension bridge can be realized in multiple directions.
