We investigated the early embryonic and larval development of the concave-eared torrent frogs, Odorrana tormota (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Embryos were derived from artificial fertilization of frogs’ eggs, and the...We investigated the early embryonic and larval development of the concave-eared torrent frogs, Odorrana tormota (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Embryos were derived from artificial fertilization of frogs’ eggs, and the staging of development was based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Two major periods of development were designated: i) early embryonic period, from fertilization to operculum completion stage, lasted for 324 h at water temperature (WT) 18 ?23℃; ii) larval period, from operculum completion stage to tail absorbed stage, took 1207 h at WT 20 ? 24℃. Tadpoles of the concave-eared torrent frogs showed no evidence of abdominal sucker. Absence of this key characteristic supports the view from molecular systematics that concave-eared torrent frog does not belong to the genus Amolops. Two cleavage patterns were observed in embryos at 8-cell and 16-cell stages, with Pattern I2 (latitudinal cleavage at the 8-cell stage, and meridional cleavage at the 16-cell stage with two perpendicular meridional furrows) being the predominant pattern and only 1.5% belonging to Pattern II (meridional cleavage at the 8-cell stage and latitudinal cleavage at the 16-cell stage). The factors affecting cleavage and hatching ratios, developmental speed, and ecological adaptation were discussed.展开更多
Torrentophryne aspinia is a new kind of toads discovered in China recently, it lives in the forest floor in West Yunnan, the most important things for this kind of species is that they have a kind of torrent-adapted t...Torrentophryne aspinia is a new kind of toads discovered in China recently, it lives in the forest floor in West Yunnan, the most important things for this kind of species is that they have a kind of torrent-adapted tadpoles which have abdominal suckers and can adhere to the surfaces of rocks in moving waters. In this article, we described the forming procedures of abdominal sucker and some breeding behaviors, habitats and habits. After comparing with those of other toads, it is confirmed that Torrentophryne should be a new valid genus, it is derived from ancestor toads because of adaptation to the torrent habitats, by the forming of torrent -adapted organ-abdominal sucker in the early development.展开更多
Objectives.To determine the natural crustacean host,the Paragonimus species,and to investigate the potential host-parasite relationship between Manipur Paragonimus and some of the laboratory animals.Methods. The labor...Objectives.To determine the natural crustacean host,the Paragonimus species,and to investigate the potential host-parasite relationship between Manipur Paragonimus and some of the laboratory animals.Methods. The laboratory animals such as puppies,albino rats and Swiss mice were infected orally with metacercariae isolated from the fresh water crabs,Potamiscus manipurensis. The fecal specimens of the experimentally infected animals were examined microscopically for Paragonimus eggs at regular intervals. The animals were autopsied on days 35~328 after infection and the isolated worms were flattened between glass slides and fixed in 70% alcohol. The worms were stained with carmine and mounted with Canada balsam for morphological studies. The eggs were collected in 5% formol saline solution for microscopy. The flukes were classified into 4 developmental stages.Results. A total of 11 worms,5 mature,5 immature and 1 pre-adult were recovered. The morphological features of the metacercariae,worms and eggs were similar to those of Paragonimus heterotremus.Conclusion. Manipur is one of the rare areas in the world where Paragonimus heterotremus is prevalent and the puppies are ideal experimental animal host. This species may be one of the important causes of paragonimiasis in animals and humans in Manipur.展开更多
Epitypification can solve many taxonomic problems and stabilize the understanding of species, genera, families or orders. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how to epitypify. A few examples where taxa have been ep...Epitypification can solve many taxonomic problems and stabilize the understanding of species, genera, families or orders. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how to epitypify. A few examples where taxa have been epitypified are considered and the benefits and disadvantages of epitypification are discussed. We also outline some examples of taxa which need to be epitypifled with reasons.展开更多
Power generation is one of the most essential functions of any plant for continuous functioning without any interruption. A marine power plant (MPP) is the same section. In the present paper, the authors have tried ...Power generation is one of the most essential functions of any plant for continuous functioning without any interruption. A marine power plant (MPP) is the same section. In the present paper, the authors have tried to find the various reliability characteristics of an MPR A marine power plant which is a composition of two generators and in which one of them is located at the stern and another at the bow, both associated to the main switchboard (MSB). The distribution switchboards (DSB) receive power from the MSB through cables and their respective junctions. Given that arrangement, a working based transition state diagram has been generated. With the help of the Markov process, a number of intro-differential equations are formed and solved by Laplace transform. Various reliability characteristics are calculated and discussed with the help of graphs.展开更多
Objective: To investigate a possible role of apoptosis in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of PIH (pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome).Methods: In this study, placental samples were obtained from 16 uncomplicated ...Objective: To investigate a possible role of apoptosis in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of PIH (pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome).Methods: In this study, placental samples were obtained from 16 uncomplicated third-trimester pregnancies and from 16 cases of PIH.We used light microscopy, electron microscopy to identify apoptosis.Light microscopy was used to quantify their incidence of apoptosis.Electron microscopy was used to confirm the occurrence of apoptosis.Results: Apoptosis has been conclusively demonstrated within human third-trimester placental tissue.Medians and interquartile ranges of normal placenta (n=16) was 0.12% (0.08%-0.19%); Medians and interquartile ranges of PIH group (n=16) was 0.37% (0.15%-0.49%).Compared to normal placentas, the incidence of apoptosis was higher in placentas from gestations complicated by PIH (P<0.05, T'-test).Conclusion: Placental apoptosis increases significantly in PIH, and it may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of this syndrome.展开更多
In recent years, the incidence of placenta previa has been increasing. According to the literature, it is mainly related to induced labor, artificial abortion, cesarean section, high aging pregnancy, multipara or smok...In recent years, the incidence of placenta previa has been increasing. According to the literature, it is mainly related to induced labor, artificial abortion, cesarean section, high aging pregnancy, multipara or smoking. The placenta previa is the chief cause of bleeding in late pregnancy and threatens the lives of mother and infant, resulting in a high risk problem in obstetrics. This article studies 322 cases of placenta previa from my hospital and Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecological Hospital from January, 2002 to July, 2009, on the basis of clinicretrospective analysis, in order to deepen our understanding and art of treating placenta previa. The study revealed that: 1. With 322 cases of placenta previa, the incidence was 0.73%. It was higher than the incidence 0.3% reported abroad and lower than the incidence 0.94% reported in our country. The data were from sampling survey and did not prove relations between placenta previa and ages, different from the result obtained abroad in which placenta previa had relation with pregnancy ages. The outcome needs further study. But artificial abortion, induced labor, cesarean section and multipara clearly influence the incidence. The study did not analyze the relation between smoking and placenta previa, but there was external data proving that smoking was related to placenta previa; 2. Ultrasound-B is a better method for examination at present; 3. In cases of vaginal childbirth there was a higher incidence of lateral placenta previa and partial placenta previa. The conservative temporization and timely cesarean section can greatly decrease the mortality of mother and infant.展开更多
Gonad development requires a coordinated soma-germline interaction that ensures renewal and differentiation of germline and somatic stem cells to ultimately produce mature gametes. The Drosophila tumour suppressor gen...Gonad development requires a coordinated soma-germline interaction that ensures renewal and differentiation of germline and somatic stem cells to ultimately produce mature gametes. The Drosophila tumour suppressor gene discs large (dig) encodes a septate junction protein functioning during epithelial polarization, asymmetric neuroblast division, and formation of neuromuscular junctions. Here, we report the role of dig in testis development and its critical function in somatic cyst cells (SCCs). In these cells dig is primarily required for their survival and expansion, and contributes to spermatocyte cyst differentiation. Cell death primarily occurred in SCCs at the end of spermatogonial amplification at a time when Dig becomes restricted in wild-type (wt) testes to the distal somatic cells capping the growing spermatocyte cysts. RNAi depletion of dig transcripts in early SCCs fully prevented testis development, whereas depletion in late SCCs resulted in a breakdown of spermatocyte cyst structure and germ cell individualization. Specific dig expression in SCCs resulted in developmental rescue of dig mutant testes, whereas its expression in germ cells exerted no such effect, dig overexpression in wt testes led to spermatocyte cyst expansion at the expense of spermatogonial cysts. Our data demonstrate that dig is essentially required in SCCs for their survival, expansion, and differentiation, and for the encapsulation of the germline cells.展开更多
Tongji University and Beijing Foreign Studies University recently have set up a joint Multimodal, Multimedia, and Multi-environment Learning Research Lab (3-ML Lab for short) for in-service teachers to videotape the...Tongji University and Beijing Foreign Studies University recently have set up a joint Multimodal, Multimedia, and Multi-environment Learning Research Lab (3-ML Lab for short) for in-service teachers to videotape their own classroom teaching so that they can reflect upon real-life performances. This paper presents an outline of a chess master model for in- service teacher development involving the use of the 3-ML Lab. The model consists of four essential components: (a) the design phase, (b) the performance phase, (c) the reflection phase, and (d) the application phase. A mini-case study is presented to demonstrate how the model works in practice. The model is evaluated against other models of teacher development as found in Wallace (1991). A distinctive feature of the chess master model is its methodology in multimodal text analysis (MTA) as a way for critical self-reflection.展开更多
The neutrino-dominated disk is regarded as a plausible model for the central engine of Gamma-Ray Bursts. By taking into account magnetic fields and detailed microphysics, we calculate the structure of neutrino-dominat...The neutrino-dominated disk is regarded as a plausible model for the central engine of Gamma-Ray Bursts. By taking into account magnetic fields and detailed microphysics, we calculate the structure of neutrino-dominated disks in the frame of the well-known Paczy nski-Witta potential. The results show that the temperature of the disk is lower than that without magnetic fields, whereas the density is nearly the same as that without magnetic fields. There also exists a significant difference in the electron degeneracy between the above two cases. In addition, we present the variation of the electron fraction with the radius.展开更多
The increasing incidence of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is placing women at a higher risk of life-threatening massive hemorrhage. The involvement of interventional radiology to manage this complex condition by ...The increasing incidence of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is placing women at a higher risk of life-threatening massive hemorrhage. The involvement of interventional radiology to manage this complex condition by performing prophylactic lilac artery balloon occlusion has been reported recently. However, the effectiveness and safety of this technique have not been fully determined. Here we report the case of a 25-year-old woman with placenta increta with preemptive bilateral internal lilac artery balloons who had external lilac artery thrombosis detected by computed tomography angiography (CTA) 72 h post cesarean section. A digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) and intra-arterial thrombolysis were instantly performed followed by supplementary conservative treatments, leading to a desirable resolution, of thrombus without sequela. This is the first report of vascular complications with successful interventional thrombolysis in this setting. Our experience suggests that prophylactic lilac artery balloon occlusion should be used cautiously in cases of MAP and consideration given to minimizing vascular complications given the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy.展开更多
Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),a common endocrine-metabolic dysfunction in reproductive-aged women,may be involved in compromised pregnancy and offspring outcomes.This study aimed to investigate whether mat...Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),a common endocrine-metabolic dysfunction in reproductive-aged women,may be involved in compromised pregnancy and offspring outcomes.This study aimed to investigate whether maternal PCOS affects fetal growth,fetal development,and placental features.Methods:This retrospective case-control study included 60 pregnant women with PCOS(PCOS group)and 120 healthy pregnant women without PCOS(control group).Fetal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was performed followed by an ultrasound examination and indications for imaging,including known or suspected fetal pathology,history of fetal abnormality in previous pregnancy or in a family member,and concern for placenta accreta.Fetal MRI images were analyzed for head cir-cumference(HC),abdomen circumference(AC),lung-to-liver signal intensity ratio(LLSIR,a prenatal marker of fetal lung maturity),lengths of liver and kidney diameters in fetuses,and placental relative signal intensity on T2-weighted single-shot fast spin echo(SSFSE)imaging(rSISSFSE),and placental relative apparent diffusion coefficient value(rADC).Data on height and weight of offspring were collected through telephone follow-up.Results:Compared to the control group,the PCOS group showed the following characteristics:(1)smaller biparietal diameter and femur length in fetuses(P=0.026 and P=0.005,respectively),(2)smaller HC in fetuses(evident after 32 weeks;P=0.044),(3)lower LLSIR and smaller dorsoventral length of liver in fetuses(evident before 32 weeks;P=0.005 and P=0.019,respec-tively),and(4)smaller placental thickness(evident before 32 weeks;P=0.017).No significant differences in placental rSISSFSE or rADC were observed between the groups(all P>0.05).No significant differences in height and weight of offspring during childhood existed between the groups(all P>0.05).Conclusions:There exist alterations of fetal growth,fetal development,and placental features from women with PCOS.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(30730029)
文摘We investigated the early embryonic and larval development of the concave-eared torrent frogs, Odorrana tormota (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Embryos were derived from artificial fertilization of frogs’ eggs, and the staging of development was based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Two major periods of development were designated: i) early embryonic period, from fertilization to operculum completion stage, lasted for 324 h at water temperature (WT) 18 ?23℃; ii) larval period, from operculum completion stage to tail absorbed stage, took 1207 h at WT 20 ? 24℃. Tadpoles of the concave-eared torrent frogs showed no evidence of abdominal sucker. Absence of this key characteristic supports the view from molecular systematics that concave-eared torrent frog does not belong to the genus Amolops. Two cleavage patterns were observed in embryos at 8-cell and 16-cell stages, with Pattern I2 (latitudinal cleavage at the 8-cell stage, and meridional cleavage at the 16-cell stage with two perpendicular meridional furrows) being the predominant pattern and only 1.5% belonging to Pattern II (meridional cleavage at the 8-cell stage and latitudinal cleavage at the 16-cell stage). The factors affecting cleavage and hatching ratios, developmental speed, and ecological adaptation were discussed.
文摘Torrentophryne aspinia is a new kind of toads discovered in China recently, it lives in the forest floor in West Yunnan, the most important things for this kind of species is that they have a kind of torrent-adapted tadpoles which have abdominal suckers and can adhere to the surfaces of rocks in moving waters. In this article, we described the forming procedures of abdominal sucker and some breeding behaviors, habitats and habits. After comparing with those of other toads, it is confirmed that Torrentophryne should be a new valid genus, it is derived from ancestor toads because of adaptation to the torrent habitats, by the forming of torrent -adapted organ-abdominal sucker in the early development.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the Indian Council of Medical Research.
文摘Objectives.To determine the natural crustacean host,the Paragonimus species,and to investigate the potential host-parasite relationship between Manipur Paragonimus and some of the laboratory animals.Methods. The laboratory animals such as puppies,albino rats and Swiss mice were infected orally with metacercariae isolated from the fresh water crabs,Potamiscus manipurensis. The fecal specimens of the experimentally infected animals were examined microscopically for Paragonimus eggs at regular intervals. The animals were autopsied on days 35~328 after infection and the isolated worms were flattened between glass slides and fixed in 70% alcohol. The worms were stained with carmine and mounted with Canada balsam for morphological studies. The eggs were collected in 5% formol saline solution for microscopy. The flukes were classified into 4 developmental stages.Results. A total of 11 worms,5 mature,5 immature and 1 pre-adult were recovered. The morphological features of the metacercariae,worms and eggs were similar to those of Paragonimus heterotremus.Conclusion. Manipur is one of the rare areas in the world where Paragonimus heterotremus is prevalent and the puppies are ideal experimental animal host. This species may be one of the important causes of paragonimiasis in animals and humans in Manipur.
文摘Epitypification can solve many taxonomic problems and stabilize the understanding of species, genera, families or orders. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how to epitypify. A few examples where taxa have been epitypified are considered and the benefits and disadvantages of epitypification are discussed. We also outline some examples of taxa which need to be epitypifled with reasons.
文摘Power generation is one of the most essential functions of any plant for continuous functioning without any interruption. A marine power plant (MPP) is the same section. In the present paper, the authors have tried to find the various reliability characteristics of an MPR A marine power plant which is a composition of two generators and in which one of them is located at the stern and another at the bow, both associated to the main switchboard (MSB). The distribution switchboards (DSB) receive power from the MSB through cables and their respective junctions. Given that arrangement, a working based transition state diagram has been generated. With the help of the Markov process, a number of intro-differential equations are formed and solved by Laplace transform. Various reliability characteristics are calculated and discussed with the help of graphs.
文摘Objective: To investigate a possible role of apoptosis in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of PIH (pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome).Methods: In this study, placental samples were obtained from 16 uncomplicated third-trimester pregnancies and from 16 cases of PIH.We used light microscopy, electron microscopy to identify apoptosis.Light microscopy was used to quantify their incidence of apoptosis.Electron microscopy was used to confirm the occurrence of apoptosis.Results: Apoptosis has been conclusively demonstrated within human third-trimester placental tissue.Medians and interquartile ranges of normal placenta (n=16) was 0.12% (0.08%-0.19%); Medians and interquartile ranges of PIH group (n=16) was 0.37% (0.15%-0.49%).Compared to normal placentas, the incidence of apoptosis was higher in placentas from gestations complicated by PIH (P<0.05, T'-test).Conclusion: Placental apoptosis increases significantly in PIH, and it may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of this syndrome.
文摘In recent years, the incidence of placenta previa has been increasing. According to the literature, it is mainly related to induced labor, artificial abortion, cesarean section, high aging pregnancy, multipara or smoking. The placenta previa is the chief cause of bleeding in late pregnancy and threatens the lives of mother and infant, resulting in a high risk problem in obstetrics. This article studies 322 cases of placenta previa from my hospital and Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecological Hospital from January, 2002 to July, 2009, on the basis of clinicretrospective analysis, in order to deepen our understanding and art of treating placenta previa. The study revealed that: 1. With 322 cases of placenta previa, the incidence was 0.73%. It was higher than the incidence 0.3% reported abroad and lower than the incidence 0.94% reported in our country. The data were from sampling survey and did not prove relations between placenta previa and ages, different from the result obtained abroad in which placenta previa had relation with pregnancy ages. The outcome needs further study. But artificial abortion, induced labor, cesarean section and multipara clearly influence the incidence. The study did not analyze the relation between smoking and placenta previa, but there was external data proving that smoking was related to placenta previa; 2. Ultrasound-B is a better method for examination at present; 3. In cases of vaginal childbirth there was a higher incidence of lateral placenta previa and partial placenta previa. The conservative temporization and timely cesarean section can greatly decrease the mortality of mother and infant.
文摘Gonad development requires a coordinated soma-germline interaction that ensures renewal and differentiation of germline and somatic stem cells to ultimately produce mature gametes. The Drosophila tumour suppressor gene discs large (dig) encodes a septate junction protein functioning during epithelial polarization, asymmetric neuroblast division, and formation of neuromuscular junctions. Here, we report the role of dig in testis development and its critical function in somatic cyst cells (SCCs). In these cells dig is primarily required for their survival and expansion, and contributes to spermatocyte cyst differentiation. Cell death primarily occurred in SCCs at the end of spermatogonial amplification at a time when Dig becomes restricted in wild-type (wt) testes to the distal somatic cells capping the growing spermatocyte cysts. RNAi depletion of dig transcripts in early SCCs fully prevented testis development, whereas depletion in late SCCs resulted in a breakdown of spermatocyte cyst structure and germ cell individualization. Specific dig expression in SCCs resulted in developmental rescue of dig mutant testes, whereas its expression in germ cells exerted no such effect, dig overexpression in wt testes led to spermatocyte cyst expansion at the expense of spermatogonial cysts. Our data demonstrate that dig is essentially required in SCCs for their survival, expansion, and differentiation, and for the encapsulation of the germline cells.
文摘Tongji University and Beijing Foreign Studies University recently have set up a joint Multimodal, Multimedia, and Multi-environment Learning Research Lab (3-ML Lab for short) for in-service teachers to videotape their own classroom teaching so that they can reflect upon real-life performances. This paper presents an outline of a chess master model for in- service teacher development involving the use of the 3-ML Lab. The model consists of four essential components: (a) the design phase, (b) the performance phase, (c) the reflection phase, and (d) the application phase. A mini-case study is presented to demonstrate how the model works in practice. The model is evaluated against other models of teacher development as found in Wallace (1991). A distinctive feature of the chess master model is its methodology in multimodal text analysis (MTA) as a way for critical self-reflection.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Young Scientists of Fujian Province of China (Grant No. 2007F3105)
文摘The neutrino-dominated disk is regarded as a plausible model for the central engine of Gamma-Ray Bursts. By taking into account magnetic fields and detailed microphysics, we calculate the structure of neutrino-dominated disks in the frame of the well-known Paczy nski-Witta potential. The results show that the temperature of the disk is lower than that without magnetic fields, whereas the density is nearly the same as that without magnetic fields. There also exists a significant difference in the electron degeneracy between the above two cases. In addition, we present the variation of the electron fraction with the radius.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.16ZR1420000),China
文摘The increasing incidence of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is placing women at a higher risk of life-threatening massive hemorrhage. The involvement of interventional radiology to manage this complex condition by performing prophylactic lilac artery balloon occlusion has been reported recently. However, the effectiveness and safety of this technique have not been fully determined. Here we report the case of a 25-year-old woman with placenta increta with preemptive bilateral internal lilac artery balloons who had external lilac artery thrombosis detected by computed tomography angiography (CTA) 72 h post cesarean section. A digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) and intra-arterial thrombolysis were instantly performed followed by supplementary conservative treatments, leading to a desirable resolution, of thrombus without sequela. This is the first report of vascular complications with successful interventional thrombolysis in this setting. Our experience suggests that prophylactic lilac artery balloon occlusion should be used cautiously in cases of MAP and consideration given to minimizing vascular complications given the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81874480 and 81873837)the Zhejiang Province Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.LR16H040001),China。
文摘Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),a common endocrine-metabolic dysfunction in reproductive-aged women,may be involved in compromised pregnancy and offspring outcomes.This study aimed to investigate whether maternal PCOS affects fetal growth,fetal development,and placental features.Methods:This retrospective case-control study included 60 pregnant women with PCOS(PCOS group)and 120 healthy pregnant women without PCOS(control group).Fetal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was performed followed by an ultrasound examination and indications for imaging,including known or suspected fetal pathology,history of fetal abnormality in previous pregnancy or in a family member,and concern for placenta accreta.Fetal MRI images were analyzed for head cir-cumference(HC),abdomen circumference(AC),lung-to-liver signal intensity ratio(LLSIR,a prenatal marker of fetal lung maturity),lengths of liver and kidney diameters in fetuses,and placental relative signal intensity on T2-weighted single-shot fast spin echo(SSFSE)imaging(rSISSFSE),and placental relative apparent diffusion coefficient value(rADC).Data on height and weight of offspring were collected through telephone follow-up.Results:Compared to the control group,the PCOS group showed the following characteristics:(1)smaller biparietal diameter and femur length in fetuses(P=0.026 and P=0.005,respectively),(2)smaller HC in fetuses(evident after 32 weeks;P=0.044),(3)lower LLSIR and smaller dorsoventral length of liver in fetuses(evident before 32 weeks;P=0.005 and P=0.019,respec-tively),and(4)smaller placental thickness(evident before 32 weeks;P=0.017).No significant differences in placental rSISSFSE or rADC were observed between the groups(all P>0.05).No significant differences in height and weight of offspring during childhood existed between the groups(all P>0.05).Conclusions:There exist alterations of fetal growth,fetal development,and placental features from women with PCOS.